高考英语语法一轮复习省略句课件

Ellipsis(省略)一、省略句的定义

省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。二、句子成分的省略--why省略前提：主谓宾，定状表，如有重复可删掉。省略原则：词语省略后，不致令人费解。省略类型：1.心照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中)；2.承前省后型(用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中)；3.可有可无型(用于宾从中的that、定从中作宾语的whom,which,that和某些状从中);4.虚拟倒装型(只用于需要倒装的虚拟条件句中)。三、句子成分的省略情况--how1.省略主语，主谓语或主谓的一部分

2.省略不定式符号to

3.省略作宾语的不定式短语

4.省略状语从句中的

S+be5.省略定从、宾从中的引导词

6.省略虚拟语气中的if和should

7.省略名词性从句或从句的部分用not,so,neither,nor“替代”Begyoupardon.

Soundslikeagoodidea.（I

）Begyoupardon.

(It)

Soundslikeagoodidea..1.省略主语、主谓语或主谓的一部分心照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中)–Areyouthirsty?–

Yes,Iam.Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister.(thirsty).(lazy).Let’smeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.(wemet)同时省略主、谓语Whydon’tdoanymoreTheorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.--Iguessnot.downyourthroat.theotherwhiteD.nottoB.(givemethechance).himtohospitalornottosendhimto(3)–Isshefeelingbettertoday?--I’mafraidnot.–Haveyoufinishedyourwork?

–Notyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.1.省略主语、主谓语或主谓的一部分承前省后型(用于对话、并列句和动词不定式中)Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.（省略相同的谓语动词）(is)1.作使役及感官动词的宾补的不定式须省to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.to

X

这类使役动词及感官动词主要有一“感”:二“听”:三“让”:四“看”:feelhearlistentohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee2.省略不定式符号to

注意半帮助:noticehelp2）donothingbutdo只（做某事)，can'tbutdo(不得不),can’thelpbutdo(只能做某事，不得不做)，hadbetter,maywell(很可能),mayaswell(不妨)等固定搭配常接省略to的不定式。E.g.Wedidn’tdoanythingbutstayathomewatchingTVyesterday.Hearingthenews,shecouldn’thelpbut

cry.2.省略不定式符号to

3.省略作宾语的不定式短语省略在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate等后作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:(1)–Areyougoingthere?--Yes,I’dliketo(2)Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(3)–Areyouanengineer?--No,butIwant.(4)–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.--Well,heought.(gothere).(givemethechance).tobetohave1.在if,unless,when,while,once,though,as等引导的状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”(1)Whenstillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.(2)Shetriedherbestthoughratherpoorinhealth.(3)Whilecycling,don’tforgetthetrafficlights.骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。(youare)(you)(hewas)(shewas)4.省略状语从句中的

S+be2.)英语中有一些固定的省略结构：在以if,unless,when,while,once,though,asif（好象）等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的主要动词是be，常将主语it和动词be省略。If

necessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。Whenever

possible,hewillcometomyhelp.他一有可能就来帮助我。itis4.省略状语从句中的

S+beitisWeallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.(that)1.)宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。

Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatsheis16yearsold.(that)2.)在定语从句中，that,which,who在从句中作宾语时可省略。Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.(that/which)5.省略定从、宾从中的引导词

1.)连词if在虚拟条件句中省略后,从句语序有变化。(3）

,whatshouldwedo?,theywouldcertainlyhavecomeandhelpus.(2),IwoulddotheworkbetterHadtheyhadtimeIftheyhadhadtime

6.省略虚拟语气中的if和shouldIfIwereyouWereIyouIfthereshouldbeafloodShouldtherebeafloodHesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)2.）在含有表示“一坚持二命令、三建议、四要求等词后的名词性从句中使用“（should）+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。如：Hissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)Theorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.(should)It’sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.(should)6.省略虚拟语气中的if和should7.省略名词性从句或从句的部分用not,so,neither,nor“替代”省略名词性从句或从句的部分，可用so或not代替。常用于此类的动词有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell等以及appear,seem,afraidetc..(4)–Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?--Iguessnot.(1)–Ishecomingbacktonight?--Ithinkso(2)–Shemustbebusynow?--Ifso,shecan’tgowithus.(3)–Isshefeelingbettertoday?--I’mafraidnot.1.haven’tseenyouforages.2.soundslikeagoodidea.3.sorrytohearthat.4.thisway,please!5.joiningusforawalk?6.somemoretea?7.doesn’tmatter.8.pityyoucouldn’tcome.9.terribleweather!10.goingtothesupermarket?ExerciseIItIamwalkWouldyoulikeWouldyoulikeItItisaWhat/SuchAreyouexerciseShecanswimunderwaterlongerthanIcanswimunderwater.2.Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldstayinthehouseortheyshouldtrytheopenair.3.Theyhadameal,theywentoutforawalkandthentheycamebacktosleep.4.Don’tbatheifyoudon’ttobathe.5.Idon’tvisitmyparentsasmuchasIoughttovisitmyparents.DiscoveringusefulstructuresRewritethesesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.(_____)2.Aboywasontheleftsideofthesickwoman,andagirlwasontherightsideofthesickwoman.3.Shehasadaughterwhoisinhospital.4.Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.(___________________)

(_____)(_____________)5.Didshepassthefirstaidtestthatshedidyesterdayordidn’tshepass?ornot.6.Shecouldnotdecidedwhethertosendhimtohospitalornottosendhimtohospital.7.Whenyournoseisbleeding,youshouldbendforwardsothatthebloodrunsoutofyournoseandtheblooddoesn’trundownyourthroat.8.Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaven’tdoneafirstaidcourse.notdownyourthroat.2.Thesesentencesarecorrect.However,oneormorewordshavebeenleftout.Canyoutellyourpartnerwhichwordsaremissing?1)

Thetemplesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.Thetemple(whichis)surroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.

2)

ThefirstbookIreadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond.Thefirstbook(that)

Ireadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond

(bookthatIreadthisterm).3)Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthanexpected.

Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthan(shewas)expected(todo).4)Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave.Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave

(returnedfromthehospital).

5)Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t.Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t(wanttohelptheaccidentvictim).

6)Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto.Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto(borrowmyfirstaidnotes).

7)Soundslikeagoodidea.

(It)soundslikeagoodidea.

8)AnythingIcandoforyou?

(Isthere)anythingIcandoforyou?1.---DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?---Yes,heintends______.A/B.toC.soD.that2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto3.--WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?--________hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingB.A.C.4.If_____,we’llcontinueourexperimentafterofficehours.A.beingnecessaryB.benecessaryC.isnecessaryD.necessary6.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.

A.whentakingB.whentaken

C.whentotakeD.whentobetaken5.---Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?---________.A.Idon'tbelieveB.Idon'tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.IbelievenotD.D.B.Canyoutellyourpartnerwhichwordsaremissing?)宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。himtohospitalornottosendhimto(3）,whatshouldwedo?–Notyet.(4)–Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?ofyournoseandtheblooddoesn’trun心照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中)----No,but______.心照不宣型(用于祈使句和某些现成的简单句中)；Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.However,oneormorewordshavebeenleftout.InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.可有可无型(用于宾从中的that、定从中作宾语3)----Aren’tyouthemanager?7.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and________.A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite8.---Wouldyoulikesomewine?---Yes,just________.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.afewC.C.Choosethebestanswers.1)----Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-----IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2)----Shall