地质工程专业英语

1地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic覆盖层overburden工程地质条件 engineeringgeological交错层理crossbeddingconditions层面beddingplane地形地貌条件geographicandgeomorphic片理schistosityconditions层理bedding地形landform板理（叶理）foliation地貌geomorphology,relief波痕ripple-mark微地貌microrelief泥痕mudcrack地貌单元landformunit,geomorphic雨痕raindropimprintsunit造岩矿物rock-formingminerals坡度grade粘土矿物claymineral地形图reliefmap高岭土kaolinite河谷rivervalley蒙脱石montmorillonite河道rivercourse伊利石illite河床riverbed(channel)云母mica冲沟gully,gulley,erosiongully,白云母muscovitestream(brook)黑云母biotite河漫滩floodplain(valleyflat)石英quartz阶地terrace长石feldspar冲积平原alluvialplain正长石orthoclase三角洲delta斜长石plagioclase古河道fossilrivercourse,fossil辉石pyroxene,picritestreamchannel角闪石hornblende冲积扇alluvialfan方解石calcite洪积扇diluvialfan构造structure坡积裙talusapron结构texture分水岭divide组构fabric(tissue)盆地basin矿物组成mineralcomposition岩溶地貌karstlandfeature,karst结晶质crystallinelandform非晶质amorphous溶洞solutioncave,karstcave产状attitude落水洞sinkhole火成岩igneous土洞Karsticearthcave岩浆岩magmaticrock火山岩（熔岩）lava2地层岩性火山volcano地层geostrome(stratum,strata)侵入岩intrusive(invade)rock岩性lithologiccharacter,rock喷出岩effusiverockproperty深成岩plutonicrock岩体rockmass浅成岩pypabysalrock岩层bedstratum酸性岩acidrock岩层layer,rockstratum中性岩inter-mediaterock母岩matrix,parentrock基性岩basicrock相变facieschange超基性岩ultrabasicrock硬质岩strongrock,film岩基rockbase(batholith)软质岩weakrock岩脉（墙）dike硬质的competent岩株rockstock软质的incompetent岩流rockflow基岩bedrock岩盖rocklaccolith(laccolite)岩组petrofabric岩盆rocklopolith文案大全

岩墙rockdike沉积物sediment(deposit)岩床rocksill漂石、顽石boulder岩脉veindyke卵石cobble花岗岩granite砾石gravel斑岩porphyry砂sand玢岩porphyrite粉土silt流纹岩rhyolite粘土clay正长岩syenite粘粒claygrain粗面岩trachyte砂质粘土sandyclay闪长岩diorite粘质砂土clayeysand安山岩andesite壤土、亚粘土loam辉长岩gabbro砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandyloam玄武岩basalt浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)细晶岩aplite黄土loess伟晶岩pegmatite红土laterite煌斑岩lamprophyre泥灰peat辉绿岩diabase软泥ooze橄榄岩dunite淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,黑曜岩obsidianwarpclay浮岩pumice冲积物（层）alluvion火山角砾岩vulcanicbreccia冲积的alluvial火山集块岩volcanicagglomerate洪积物（层）proluvium,diluvium,diluvion凝灰岩tuf洪积的diluvial沉积岩sedimentaryrock坡积物（层）deluvium碎屑岩clasticrock残积物（层）eluvium粘土岩clayrock残积的eluvial粉砂质粘土岩siltyclaystone风积物（层）eoliandeposits化学岩chemicalrock湖积物（层）lakedeposits生物岩biolith海积物（层）marinedeposits砾岩conglomerate冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits角砾岩breccia崩积物（层) colluvialdeposits,砂岩sandstonecolluvium石英砂岩quartzsandstone残积粘土residualclay粉砂岩siltstone变质岩metamorphicrock钙质粉砂岩calcareoussiltstone板岩slate泥岩mudstone千枚岩phyllite页岩shale片岩schist盐岩saline片麻岩gneiss石灰岩limestone石英岩quartzite白云岩dolomite大理岩marble泥灰岩marl糜棱岩mylonite泥钙岩argillo-calcareous混合岩migmatite泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous碎裂岩cataclasite砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous3地质构造硅质的siliceous地质构造geologicstructure有机质organicmatter结构构造structuraltexture粗粒coarsegrain大地构造geotectonic中粒medium-grained构造运动tectogenesis文案大全

造山运动orogeny结构类型structuralpattern升降运动verticalmovement岩体结构rockmassstructure水平运动horizontalmovement岩块blockmass完整性perfection(integrity)结构体structuralelement起伏度waviness块度blockness尺寸效应sizeeffect结构面structuralplane围压效应confiningpressureeffect软弱结构面weakplane产状要素elementsofattitude临空面freeface产状attitude,orientation碎裂结构cataclastictexture走向strike板状结构platystructure倾向dip薄板状lamellose倾角dipangle,angleofdip块状的lumpy,massive褶皱fold层状的laminated褶曲fold巨厚层giantthick-laminated单斜monocline薄层状的finelylaminated向斜syncline软弱夹层weakintercalatedlayer背斜anticline夹层interbedding,穹隆domeintercalated bed, interlayer,挤压squeezeintermediatelayer上盘uppersection夹泥层clayeyintercalation下盘bottomwall,footwall,夹泥inter-claylowerwall连通性connectivity断距separation切层insequent相交intersect影响带affectingzone断层fault完整性integrityn.正断层normalfaultIntegrate v.&a.逆断层reversedfaultdegreeofintegrality平移断层parallelfault破碎crumble层理bedding,stratification胶结cement微层理lightstratification泥化argillization地堑graben尖灭taper-out地垒horst,faultridge错动diastrophism断层泥gouge,pug,selvage,fault错动层面faultedbeddingplanegouge断续的intermittent擦痕stria,striation破碎crumble断裂fracture共轭节理conjugatedjoint破碎带fracturezone散状loose节理joint透镜状的lens-shapeda.节理组jointset岩石碎片crag裂隙fissure,crack岩屑cuttings,debris微裂隙finefissure,microscopic薄膜membrane,filmfissure层理stratification劈理cleavage高角度highdipangle原生裂隙originaljoint缓倾角lowdipangle次生裂隙epigeneticjoint反倾anti-dip张裂隙tensionjoint互层interbed v.剪裂隙shearjointInterbeddingn.卸荷裂隙reliefcrack起伏的unplanar裂隙率fractureporosity波状起伏的undulate,undulating文案大全

粒径particlesize扬压力upliftpressure构造层tectonosphere静水压力hydrostaticpressure挤压compression外静水压力externalhydrostatic均一的homogeneouspressure剪切错动面shearfauIted,beddingzone动水压力hydrodynamicpressure切割dissection渗透力seepagepressure切割的dissected外水压力externalwaterpressure致密close,compact内水压力internalwaterpressure构造岩tectonite水力联系hydraulicinterrelation糜棱岩mylonite水力折减系数 hydraulicreduction断层角砾岩faultbrecciacoefficient方解石脉calcitevein水头损失waterheadloss碎块岩clasticrock渗透途径filtrationpath,seepage角砾brecciapath岩粉rockpowder渗透系数penetrationcoefficient岩屑debris,debry潜水位watertablelevel固结consolidation水位waterlevel,stagelevel定向排列orientedspread水头waterhead构造应力tectonicstress含水层aquifer残余应力residualstress弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard滞水层aquiclude4水文地质条件hydrogeologicalconditions透水层permeablelayer,pervious水文循环hydrologiccyclelayer大气圈atmosphere不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge,impervious水圈hydrospherelayer,岩石圈geosphereimpermeable layer,地表径流surfacerunoffaquiclude地下径流subsurfacerunoff潜水含水层phreaticaquifer流域valley,drainagebasin承压含水层confinedaquifer,artesian流域面积drainagearea,riverbasinaquiferarea承压面bearingsurface汇水面积catchmentarea潜水面phreaticsurface,water地下水groundwater,subsurfacetablewater浸润线phreaticcurve地表水surfacewater不透水边界imperviousboundary大气水atmosphericwater地下分水岭groundwaterridge气态水aqueous(vapour)water粘滞性viscosity液态水liquidwater富水性abundance固态水solidwater透水性（渗透性）permeability上层滞水perchedwater淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation,leaching潜水phreaticwater反滤层invertedgravelfilter承压水confinedwater水锈incrustation吸着水hygroscopic(adsorptive)渗滴seepwater饱和saturation,saturated介质medium潜水位变化带zoneofvariablephreatic空隙voidlevel孔隙水压力porewaterpressure气象因素meteorologicalfactor渗透压力osmoticpressure,seepage饱水带zoneofsaturationforce包气带aerationzone,zoneof文案大全aeration包气带水aerationzonewater上层滞水perchedwater孔隙水porewater裂隙水fissurewater岩溶水karsticwater结合水boundwater,combinedwater吸着水hydroscopicwater薄膜水pellicularwater毛细水capillarywater重力水gravitationalwater凝结水condensationwater地下水埋藏条件conditionofgroundwateroccurrence地下水埋藏深度 depthofgroundwateroccurrence压水试验packerpermeabilitytest抽水试验pumpingtest5物理力学性质物理力学physicalmechanicsn.Physico-mechanical a.屈服准则yieldcriteria米赛斯屈服准则VonMisesyieldcriteria朗肯土压力理论Ranking'searthpressuretheory剑桥模型Cambridge model,Cam-model邓肯-张模型Duncan-changmodel本构方程constitutiveequation局部剪切破坏localshearfailure整体剪切破坏generalshearfailure岩体完整性指数intactnessindexofrockmass安全系数factorofsafety埋深embedmentdepth试件coupons挠度deflection里氏震级Richterscale设计烈度designintensity基本烈度basicintensity场地烈度siteintensity地震烈度seismic intensiensityscale卓越周期predominantperiod持力层sustainedyield超载surcharge围岩压力surroundingrockstress附加压力superimposedstress文案大全应力松弛stressrelaxation应力路迳stresspath卸荷unload渗透率specificpermeability饱和度degreeofsaturation含水量moisturecontent平均粒径meandiameter颗粒grain,granule,particle颗粒级配distributionofgrain--size,grain composition.sizedistribution级配graduation.grain-size distribution,gradation,grading粒度 coarsenessgrainsize,granularity,lump不均匀系数 coefficientofnon-uniformity,variationcoefficient,variationfactor颗粒分级gradation,sizegrading孔隙水porewater孔隙比voidratio(ration)空隙率airvoids孔隙率porosity裂隙率crackity溶隙率karstity密度density重度unitweight,bulkweight浮重度buoyantunitweight折减系数reductionfactor压力消散dissipationofpressure抗力系数coefficientofresistance软化系数softeningcoefficient含水量watercontent稠度consistency塑限plasticlimit液限liquidlimit塑性指数plasticityindex液性指数liquidityindex流变rheological蠕变creep塑性plastic脆性brittleness(fragility)粘性stickness刚性rigidity弹性的elastic粘弹性viso-elasticity弹塑性elasto-plasticityconsolidation压缩性compressibility固结度degreeofconsolidation均质性homogeneity超固结比overconsolidationration非均质性nonhomogeneity应变strain(heterogeneity)压缩比compressibilityratio各向同性isotropy压缩系数coefficientof各向异性anisotropycompressibility总应力totalstress压缩指数compressionindex有效应力effectivestress初始曲线virgincurve超孔隙水压力excessporepressure正常固结土normallyconsolidatedsoil孔隙水压力porewaterpressure欠固结土under-consolidatedsoil抗压强度compressivestrength超固结土over-consolidatedsoil抗拉强度tensilestrength被动土压力passiveearthpressure抗剪强度shearstrength主动土压力activeearthpressure不排水抗剪强度undrainedshearstrenght静止土压力earthpressureatrest峰值抗剪强度peaksharestrength覆盖压力overburdenpressure长期抗剪强度long-termshearstrength初始应力initialstress残余抗剪强度residualshearstrength地应力场ground(geostatic)stress负摩擦力negativeskinfriction,fielddragdown有效应力effectivestress摩擦角angleoffriction动应力dynamicstress内摩擦角angle of internal动荷载dynamicloadfriction偏心荷载eccentrieloads外摩擦角angle of external循环荷载inclinedloadsfriction地应力groundstress,geostatic内聚力cohesionstress粘聚力cohesion初始应力initialstress假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion应力场stressfield粘着力adhesion纵波longitudinalwave摩尔圆Mohr'scircle液化势liquefactionpotential包络线envelope液化指数liquefactionindex休止角angleofrepose,交角angularangleoffriction(repose,rest).岩石抗力系数coefficient of rockreposeangleresistance峰值peak容许承载力allowablebearingcapacity模量modulus临塑压力criticalpressure弹性模量modulusofelasticity，接触压力contactpressureYoung's modulus, elasticmodulus6工程地质问题压缩模量modulusofcompressibility工程地质问题 engineeringgeological变形模量modulusofdeformationproblem卸荷模量unloadingmodulus定性评价qualitativeestimate切线模量tangentmodulus定量评价quantitativeestimate剪切模量shearmodulus极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod割线模量secantmodulus不良地质现象 unfavorablegeological旁压模量pressurmetermoduluscondition泊松比poisson'sration风化weathering固结consolidation变形deformation固结系数 coefficientof位移displacement文案大全

不均匀位移 differentialmovement初步设计阶段preliminarystage相对位移relativedisplacement施工阶段construetionsage沉陷settlement踏勘reconnaissanee,山崩avalanche,topplinginspection崩塌toppling,toppling地质测绘geologicalsurveycollapse00地质测绘engineeringgeological滑坡、地滑creep,slidemapping切层滑坡insequentlandslide钻探borehole operation.深层滑坡deepslideboring浅层滑坡shallowslide物探geophysicalexploration顺层滑坡consequentlandslide洞探exploratoryadits滑动面钎探rodsoundingslidingsurface,slidingplane,坑探exploringminingslipsurface槽探trenching滑动带slidingzone天然建材调查滑床slidebednaturalmaterialssurveying滑坡体slide(sliding)mass(examination)古滑坡fossillandslide000000报告 geotechnical推移式滑坡slumpingslideinvestigationreport牵引式滑坡retrogressiveslide鉴定identification.管涌piping,internalerosionappraisal渗漏leakage鉴定书expertisereport流砂quicksand鉴定人identifier,surveyor渗流seepage校核verification液化liquefaction总监chiefinspector比例proportion70000 engineeringinvestigation地形图geographicmap工程地质勘察engineering geology地貌图geomorphologicalmapinvestigation地质图geologicalmap000000geotechnical00地质图engineeringgeologicalmapinvestigation实测地质剖面图00地质条件engineeringgeologicalfield-acquired geologicalconditionprofile(section)00地质评价engineeringgeological构造地质图geologicalstructuremapevaluation第四纪地质图quarternarygeological勘测surveymap岩芯采取率 core recovery, core地质详图detailmapofgeologyextraction地质柱状图geologiccolumnarsection.岩芯获得率geologiclogRQD( 0石质量指标) rockquality钻孔柱状图logsofboreholedesignation纵剖面图longitudinalsection程序（步骤）procedure横剖面图crosssection00阶段investigationalstage展示图revealdetailmap选点踏0reconnaissanee节理玫瑰图roseofjoints初步设计primarydesign基岩等高线bedrockcontour初步规划preliminaryscheme层底等高线contourofstratumbottom初步勘探preliminaryprospecting0层界线strataboundary初步踏0groundreconnaissance0面高程elevationofbedrock可行性研究阶段feasibilitystagesurface文案大全

坐标coordinate平硐adit分层bedseparation竖井shaft地质点geologicalobservationpoint钻探drillingboring勘探点exploratorypoint(spot)勘探线exploratoryline8工程地质试验勘探孔explorationhole击实试验compactiontest平洞adit压缩试验compressiontest竖井riser,shaft,vertical固结试验consolidationtestshaft单轴试验uniaxialcompressiontest探槽exploratorytrench现场剪切试验in-situsheartest探井exploratorypit单剪试验simplesheartest钻孔borehole,drillhole直剪试验directsheartest机钻孔ordinarydrillhole慢剪试验slowtest套钻孔sleevedrillhole单剪试验simplesheartest管钻孔pipedrillhole快剪试验quicktest岩芯core三轴剪切试验triaxialsheartest岩芯钻探coredrilling三轴压缩试验triaxialcompressiontest回转钻探（进）rotarydrilling动三轴试验dynamictriaxialtest冲击钻探churn drilling,不固结不排水剪试验percussiondrillingunconsolidatedundrainedtest(quick钢砂钻探shotdrillingtest)铁砂钻进ironshotdrilling固结不排水剪试验跟管钻进follow-downdrillingconsolidated undrained振动钻进vibro-boring,test(consolidatedquicktest)vibro-dril1ing固结排水试验 consolidateddrained泥浆钻探mudflushdrillingtest(slowtest)金刚石钻进diamonddrilling原位测试in-situtest单动式singleacting现场监测on-site(in-site)双层doublelayermonitoring空气钻探airflushdrilling现场检测on-site (in-site)钻机drillingriginspection钻头drillbit,drillingbit观测孔observationborehole螺旋钻头auger静力触探试验conepenetrationtest.勺钻spoonbitstaticpenetrationtest.冲击钻头percussionbit,choppingstaticconetestbit标贯试验standardpenetrationtest桶式钻头bucketauger十字板剪 切试验 vanesheartest,vane钻杆drillrodtest套管casing检层法up-hole method, borehole岩芯管corebarrelmethod冲洗掖flushfluid旁压试验pressuremetertest正循环冲洗directcirculation动力触探试验反循环冲洗reversecirculationdynamic penetration test.泥浆mud,slurrydynamicsounding泥皮mudcake点荷载试验pointloadtest护壁dado岩石试验rocktest止水seal,waterseal应力解除法stressreliefmethod扫孔cleaningbottomofhole应力恢复法stressrecoverymethod钻进drilling套孔法over-coringmethod文案大全实用标准文档光面爆破smoothblasting900000预裂法presplitting掌子面breast,drivingface,headingface,tunnelface10水工概论顶拱vauIt坝址toeofdam底拱invert坝踵heel洞室开挖excavation坝段monolith超挖overbreak坝顶crest风钻pneumaticdrill坝肩shoulders开挖断面excavatedsection左坝肩leftdamabutment塌落slump副坝saddledam细骨料混凝土concretemadewithfine三坝址thethirddamsiteaggregate标高heightmark细骨料fine aggregate, fine上游水位headwateradjustment正常库水位normalreservoirlevel料场stockground地下洞室undergroundopening土料earthmaterial(tunnel)矿渣 ciinder,mineralwaterresidue,压力隧洞pressuretunnelscoria,slag无压隧洞gravitytunnel性能 function, performance,交通洞accesstunnelproperty,nature灌浆洞groutingtunnel凝结 coagulate,congeal,congealment.明流洞free-flowtunnelcoagulation孔板洞orificetunnel合格qualified,ontest,upto排砂洞sedimenttunnelstandard尾水洞tailracetunnel初凝initialset排水洞drainagetunnel初凝时间initialsettingtime导流洞diversiontunnel终凝finalset隧道tunnel配合比mixproportion围岩surroundingrock,ambient塌落度slumprock水化热heatofhydration.围岩应力secondarystressstatichydrationheat,setting应力集中stressconcentrateheat覆盖层overburden水灰比water-cementratio冒顶cavein,rooffall粉煤灰flyash底鼓bottomheave梅花状quincuncialpattern回弹rebound喷射shotcrete岩爆rockburst浇注pouring冻结法freezingmethod钢筋网coiremesh超载overbreak加固reinforce衬砌lining锚杆anchoredbar,rockbolt围堰cofferdam锚索anchoredcable堤dike锚紧端anchorstation近坝岸坡abutments锚桩anchoredpeg施工（收缩）缝construetionjoint采石场rockquarry心墙core开挖excavation截水墙cutoffwall清基cleanupfoundation防渗墙diaphragmwall明挖open-cut排水井drainagewells爆破explosion排水幕drainagecurtain文案大全减压井reliefwells桩pile反滤层filterzone基桩foundationpile灌浆材料grout群桩pilegroups水力劈裂hydraulicfracturing桩基础pilefoundation帷幔线curtainline桩承台pilecap上游围堰upstreamcofferdam高桩承台high-risepilecap混凝土防渗墙concretecutoffwall低桩承台buriedpilecap截流interimcompletion摩擦桩frictionpile导水墙channeltrainingwall端承桩endbearingpile正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway嵌岩桩socketedpileheadwork板桩sheetpile消力塘linedplungepool旋喷桩jet-groutedpile隔墙dividerwalls灌注桩cast-in-placepile混凝土护坦concreteapron沉管灌注桩drivencast-in-placepile副厂房auxiliarypowerhouse支护桩soldierpiles,tangent闸门室gatechamberpiles中闸室midgatechamber刚性桩rigidpile开关站switchyard柔性桩flexiblepile电梯井elevatorshaft侧向受荷桩laterallyloadedpile尾水渠tailrace轴向受荷桩axiallyloadedpile非常溢洪道emergencyspillway预制桩precastconcretepile振动打桩vibratorypiledriving11桥梁及基础工程振动钻进vibratorydrilling江阴大桥JiangyinBridge沉箱caisson悬索桥suspensionbridge沉井（沉箱）(open)caisson锚碇anchorage地下连续墙diaphragmwall,slurrywall重力式嵌岩锚gravitysocketedanchorage支撑bracing北锚碇前（后）锚面超载surchargefront(back) surfaceofnorthern接触应力contactpressureanchorage井点降水well-pointdewatering塔墩tower桩极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacity墩pierofpile散索鞍splaysaddle承载力bearingcapacity猫道footbridge阻力resistance主缆maincable桩端阻力endresistance索股cablestrand表面摩擦力skinfriction主鞍mainsaddle,towersaddle粘着系数adhesionfactor主跨mainspan负摩擦力negativeskinfriction边跨sidespan安全系数factorofsafety引桥approach压缩层compressedlayer钢箱梁steelboxmaingirder附加应力additionalstress,埋深embedmentdepthsuperimp