山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题（解析版）VIP

2022—2023学年高二下学期教学质量检测英语试题2023.7注意事项：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必将姓名、班级等个人信息填写在答题卡指定位置。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howwillthewomangohome?ABycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.2.Whendoesthemanusuallygetup?A.By5:00.B.At6:00.C.After6:30.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shemissedtheinterview.B.Shedidnotliketheinterview.C.Theinterviewwentverywell.4.WhydidthemanbuytheT-shirt?A.Ithasacoolpictureonit.B.Itispopularthisyear.C.Itscolorislovely.5.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Inaclassroom.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whatistheman?A.Ateacher.B.Aresearcher.C.Ahost.7.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Differentwaysofcommunication.B.Influenceoftechnologyoncommunication.C.Communicationproblemsyoungpeopleface.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9题。8.Whydoesthewomansuggestthemantrytheguitar?A.Itisfuntoplay.B.Itischeaptobuy.C.Itiseasytolearn.9.Whatdoesthemandecidetolearntoplay?A.Theviolin.B.Theguitar.C.Thepiano.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Schoolmates.C.Colleagues.11.Wherearethespeakers?A.InLondon.B.InCalifornia.C.InWarsaw.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Helivesinahotel.B.He’llhelpthewomanwithherEnglish.C.HetakesacourseinEuropeanhistory.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。13.Whatdoesthemanwanttorentout?A.Abedroom.B.Thewholehouse.C.Abedroomandalivingroom.14.Howmuchrentdoesthemanaskforpermonth?A.$800.B.$1,200.C.$1,380.15.Whatcanthemanseeoutofhishouse?A.Agarden.B.Aforest.C.Alake.16.Whatwillthewomandowiththehouse?A.Visitit.B.Rentit.C.Advertiseit.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。17.Whatisthethemeofthefair?A.Self-study.B.Studyingabroad.C.Jobopportunities.18.Whatcanpeopledoatthefair?A.Getfreetextbooks.B.Listentosomespeeches.C.Seethelatestcomputers19.Howmuchwillafull-timestudentpayfortheticket?A.£5.B.£3.C.£2.50.20.Whatshouldpeoplebookinadvance?A.Stands.B.Tickets.C.Parkingspace.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AExploreHaarlemThepicturesquecityofHaarlemisthecapitaloftheprovinceofNoord-Holland.SituatedtothewestofAmsterdam,Haarlemisfamousforitsshoppingstreets,Dutcharchitectureandcookingscene.Wearesureyouwillfallinlovewithit!HaarlemWalkingCityTourDuringthis2-hourwalkingtouryouwilldiscoverthecityofHaarlemaccompaniedbyaprofessionaltourguide.Youwilllearnaboutthehistoryofthecity,includingitspicturesquestreetsandbeermakinghistory,andmainpersonalitieslikeFranzHalsandPeterTeyler.ThistourincludeslocalguideinEnglish,SpanishorPortuguesebutnotfoodanddrink.Pleasearriveatthemeetingpoint15minutesbeforedeparturesandbuyyourticketsonline.FoodTourHaarlemThis2.5-3-hourself-guidedtourstartsataPortugeseDelicatessenplace.There,you’llreceiveyourfirstcluetofindyournextbite.Therearealtogetherfivestops.Incaseyoucan’tfindthenextstop,youcanalwaysuseWhatsApptogetremoteassistancefromthelocalpartner’s360HaarlemTeam.Thistourincludessnacksateveryspotbuttherewillbenoguidewithyou.Pleasearriveatthemeetingpoint15minutesbeforedeparturesandbuyyourticketsonline.CanalBoatCruiseAmsterdamDuringthis1-hourboattouryouwillexplorethecityHaarlemfromadifferentperspective.Passingbyhistoricalandiconicsightsofthecity,includingtheAnneFrankHouseMuseumbywater,youwillhaveageneralideaofthecity.FreeWiFiisincludedinthistour.Gotothe360AmsterdamToursOfficetogetyourtickets.Pleasearriveatthemeetingpoint20minutesbeforedepartures.1.WhatcantouristsenjoybyjoiningHaarlemWalkingCityTour?A.AtourguidedinChinese. B.Thelongesttourduration.C.Snackswithlocal-featuredflavors. D.Acquaintancewithhistoricalfigures.2.WhichofthefollowingisprobablysuitabletogetanoverallimpressionaboutthecityHaarlem?A.FoodTourHaarlem. B.HaarlemWalkingCityTour.C.CanalBoatCruiseAmsterdam. D.The360AmsterdamToursOffice.3.Whatdothethreetourshaveincommon?A.FreeWIFIisprovided. B.Earlyarrivalisrequired.C.Localguidesareincluded. D.Ticketsarebookedonline.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三个游览Haarlem的行程计划及相应要求。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“HaarlemWalkingCityTour”部分中“Youwilllearnaboutthehistoryofthecity,includingitspicturesquestreetsandbeermakinghistory,andmainpersonalitieslikeFranzHalsandPeterTeyler.”（您将了解这座城市的历史，包括风景如画的街道和啤酒酿造历史，以及弗朗茨·哈尔斯和彼得·泰勒等主要人物。）可知，游客参加了HaarlemWalkingCityTour，可以了解这座城市的历史。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“CanalBoatCruiseAmsterdam”部分“Duringthis1-hourboattouryouwillexplorethecityHaarlemfromadifferentperspective.Passingbyhistoricalandiconicsightsofthecity,includingtheAnneFrankHouseMuseumbywater,youwillhaveageneralideaofthecity.FreeWiFiisincludedinthistour.”（在这1小时的乘船游览中，您将从不同的角度探索哈勒姆市。经过这座城市的历史和标志性景点，包括安妮·弗兰克故居博物馆，您将对这座城市有一个大致的了解。免费无线网络连接。）可知，游客通过参加CanalBoatCruiseAmsterdam，在1小时的乘船游览中，可以从不同的角度探索哈勒姆市。即游客可以对哈勒姆市有整体的印象。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据“HaarlemWalkingCityTour”部分中“Pleasearriveatthemeetingpoint15minutesbeforedeparturesandbuyyourticketsonline.”（请在出发前15分钟到达集合地点，并在网上购票。）“FoodTourHaarlem”部分中“Pleasearriveatthemeetingpoint15minutesbeforedeparturesandbuyyourticketsonline.”（请在出发前15分钟到达集合地点，并在网上购票。）“CanalBoatCruiseAmsterdam”部分中“Pleasearriveatthemeetingpoint20minutesbeforedepartures.”（请在出发前20分钟到达集合地点。）可知，三个行程的共同点都要求提前抵达集合地点。故选B。BAsthesummervacationapproaches,WuRuixing,21,ajuniorfromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity(SJTU),isinthemiddleofpreparingfortheupcomingexamsandalsothinkingabouthisVEXroboticsteam’sfuture.Foundedin2018,theSJTUVEXteamhasanenviablerecordinVEXRoboticsCompetitionsatalllevels,duringwhichstudentsinmorethan20,000teamsfrom50countriescompeteagainstotherteams.Forthe2022-2023competitionseason,thestudentparticipantsfromSJTUwonseveralawards,includingtheEXURobotSkillsChallengeWorldChampionandtheDesignDivisionChampion.“Formostofus,itwasourfirsttimetakingpartintheWorldChampionship.Wehadbeenburningthemidnightoilforawhiletoprepareforthecompetition,butitbecameworthitwhenwegotthechampionshiptrophy,”Wusaid.Duringthecompetition,Wuwasdeeplyimpressedbytheuniqueroboticdesignsfromotheruniversities.“Theywerebothstrongopponents.TheUniversityofWisconsinwasagooddefenderandTeamPyrofromArizonaStateUniversityprovidedabrand-newgamestrategythatreallyblewmymind.”Wurecalled.ForWu,thecompetitionhelpedhimfindadeeperpassionforrobotics.Hehashadaloveforroboticssincechildhood.Sowhenheheardthattherewasaroboticscompetitiononcampusayearago,heandhisfriendssignedup.“Duringthatcompetition,Ifoundabiggapbetweenmeandthetopplayers,whichmotivatedmetojointheteam,”hesaid.Drivenbyhisinterest,Wubeganparticipatinginvariouscompetitions,whichalsohelpedhimwithhiscourseworkstudies.Returninghomewithfruitfulresults,theteambecamecelebritiesoncampus,butWuhasn’tletthesuccessgettohishead.“Nowweneedtoprepareforthenewcompetitionseason,”hesaid.Asaworldchampion,Wuisevenmoredeterminedtopursueanacademiccareerinrobotics,andhehopesthathisteamwillcontinuetointeractwithmorerobotloversinthefuture.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthe2022-2023VEXRoboticscompetitionseason?A.Over20,000studentsparticipatedinthecompetitions.B.Wu’steamworkedlateintothenighttomakepreparations.C.Wu’steamhasgivenupthecompetitionsforthefinalexams.D.TheUniversityofWisconsinwontheDesignDivisionChampion.5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWu’sschoollife?A.Fruitful B.Stressful C.Casual D.Comfortable6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Wutakesgreatprideinhissuccess.B.Wuhasalongwaytogoforroboticcareer.C.Wuhasenoughtimetorelaxhimself.D.Wuistoobusytointeractwithmorerobotlovers.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Wu,anall-roundedstudentinSJTUB.SJTUteamownsapromisingfutureC.Wu,fromcampusamateurtoworldchampionD.SJTUteamisontheroadtotheWorldChampionship【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海交通大学的一名大三学生吴瑞兴(音译)通过参加机器人比赛，一跃成为世界冠军的过程。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中““Formostofus,itwasourfirsttimetakingpartintheWorldChampionship.Wehadbeenburningthemidnightoilforawhiletoprepareforthecompetition,butitbecameworthitwhenwegotthechampionshiptrophy,”Wusaid.”（吴说：“对于我们大多数人来说，这是我们第一次参加世界锦标赛。为了准备比赛，我们已经挑灯夜战了一段时间，但当我们获得冠军奖杯时，一切都变得值得了。”）可知，为了准备2022-2023VEX机器人比赛赛季，吴和他的团队常常工作一直工作到深夜。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Duringthatcompetition,Ifoundabiggapbetweenmeandthetopplayers,whichmotivatedmetojointheteam,”hesaid.Drivenbyhisinterest,Wubeganparticipatinginvariouscompetitions,whichalsohelpedhimwithhiscourseworkstudies.”（吴说：“在那次比赛中，我发现我和顶级选手之间有很大的差距，这促使我加入了这个团队。”在兴趣的驱使下，吴开始参加各种比赛，这也有助于他的课程学习。）最后一段中“Returninghomewithfruitfulresults,theteambecamecelebritiesoncampus,butWuhasn’tletthesuccessgettohishead.”（带着丰硕的成果回国后，这支球队成为了校园里的名人，但吴并没有让成功冲昏头脑。）可知，吴通过参加比赛，让自己看到了自己的不足，同时也有助于他的课程学习，说明这一切促使得他学有所成。因此他的学校生活是成果丰硕的。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Returninghomewithfruitfulresults,theteambecamecelebritiesoncampus,butWuhasn’tletthesuccessgettohishead.“Nowweneedtoprepareforthenewcompetitionseason,”hesaid.Asaworldchampion,Wuisevenmoredeterminedtopursueanacademiccareerinrobotics,andhehopesthathisteamwillcontinuetointeractwithmorerobotloversinthefuture.”（带着丰硕成果回国后，这支球队成为了校园里的名人，但吴并没有让成功冲昏头脑。“现在我们需要为新赛季的比赛做准备，”他说。作为世界冠军，吴更加坚定了在机器人领域从事学术事业的决心，他希望他的团队在未来能继续与更多的机器人爱好者互动。）可知，吴没有因为成绩而骄傲，相反，他觉得他们需要为新赛季的比赛做准备，希望他的团队在未来能继续与更多的机器人爱好者互动。可推知，对于机器人事业，吴还有很长的路要走。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Asthesummervacationapproaches,WuRuixing,21,ajuniorfromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity(SJTU),isinthemiddleofpreparingfortheupcomingexamsandalsothinkingabouthisVEXroboticsteam’sfuture.”（随着暑假的临近，21岁的吴瑞兴(音译)是上海交通大学的一名大三学生，他一边准备即将到来的考试，一边思考着他的VEX机器人团队的未来。）第二段“Forthe2022-2023competitionseason,thestudentparticipantsfromSJTUwonseveralawards,includingtheEXURobotSkillsChallengeWorldChampionandtheDesignDivisionChampion.”（在2022-2023赛季的比赛中，上海交通大学的学生选手获得了包括EXU机器人技能挑战赛世界冠军和设计组冠军在内的多个奖项。）同时下文也提到准备比赛的过程以及取得成绩后，吴和他的团队面对成绩后不骄不躁的态度，可知，文章主要介绍了吴通过参加机器人比赛，一跃成为世界冠军的过程。选项C可以概括文章主题，故选C。CNature’sBestHope:ANewApproachtoConservationthatStartsinYourYard,writtenbyDougTallamy,2020.Thisbookisintendedfortheprivatelandowner—notonewhoseprimarylandscapingconcernishowgreentheirlawnis—butonewhocouldalsobeconvincedtobeconcernedaboutthealarmingdeclineofbirds,insects,andotherwildlife.Thebeginningofthebookfocusesonthe“why”—explaininghowdeclininghabitataffectsinsectpopulations,whichaffectsotherplantandanimalpopulations,whichaffectshumanhealth.Thisbookisnotjustfocusedonbringingourawarenesstotheproblemathand,it’smoreimportantlyacalltoarms.Inhisbook,thetypicalhomeownermaybelievetheiryardistoosmall,isolated,andordinarytomakeadifference.However,hepointsoutthatprivateyardsandneighborhoods,suburbs,andevencitiescanplayasignificantrole,especiallywhentheyplaytogether.Asmallpollinator(传粉昆虫)gardeninthemiddleofasuburbmaynotsavesignificantpopulationsofinsects,butasmallgardennexttoyourneighbor’sgarden,nexttotheirneighbor’sgarden,beginstoformanetwork.Together,wecouldcreateenoughconservationlandtomakeanenormousimpact.InthesecondpartofthebookTallamylooksintothe“how,”explainingwhyfocusingontheremovalofinvasiveplantsandtheestablishmentofnativeplantsonprivatelandscapesisthebestwaytofightthedeclineofhabitat.Hefurtherarguesthatbygrowing“keystone”plants,wecansupportalargenumberofinsectspecies.Thelargenumberofinsectspeciesthensupportsadiversityofotherwildlife.Wewillnotonlyhelpstopthedeclineofwildlife,butwewillbegintoturnthetide.Gardenersatallexperiencelevelswillgaininspirationfromthisbook,butitisnotastep-by-stepguidetodesigningawildlifegarden.Beyondafewexamples,itdoesn’ttellyouwhichplantspeciesyoushoulduse.Thosechoicesdependonyourregionandsiteconditions.Tallamyoffersresources:placestogotofindthatinformation,andguidelinesonwheretostart.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Wipingouttroublesomeinsects. B.Bondingisolatedcommunityresidents.C.Teachingspecialgardeningskills. D.Helpingmakeyardsfriendlytowildlife.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theproblemsofgardennetworks. B.Thechallengesofgardenbuilding.C.Thecausesofcitywildlifedecline. D.Theinnerlogicofyardconservation.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“turnthetide”inparagraph4mean?A.Increasewildlifepopulations. B.Supportdiversewildlife.C.Changethedirectionofthetide. D.Removetheinvasiveplants.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthebook?A.Unclear. B.Objective. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了书籍：Nature’sBestHope。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nature’sBestHope:ANewApproachtoConservationthatStartsinYourYard,”（《大自然最大的希望》：一种从你的院子开始的保护新方法，）“Thisbookisintendedfortheprivatelandowner—notonewhoseprimarylandscapingconcernishowgreentheirlawnis—butonewhocouldalsobeconvincedtobeconcernedaboutthealarmingdeclineofbirds,insects,andotherwildlife.”（这本书是写给私人土地拥有者的——他们主要关心的不是他们的草坪有多绿——而是那些可能会被说服去关注鸟类、昆虫和其他野生动物数量惊人下降的人。）可知，这本书旨在为那些拥有土地，且关注野生动物数量下降的人，提供一种新的保护野生动物的方法：把自己的庭院作为对野生动物的保护区。即旨在帮助他们建立有利于野生动物的庭院。故选D。9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Inhisbook,thetypicalhomeownermaybelievetheiryardistoosmall,isolated,andordinarytomakeadifference.However,hepointsoutthatprivateyardsandneighborhoods,suburbs,andevencitiescanplayasignificantrole,especiallywhentheyplaytogether.Asmallpollinator(传粉昆虫)gardeninthemiddleofasuburbmaynotsavesignificantpopulationsofinsects,butasmallgardennexttoyourneighbor’sgarden,nexttotheirneighbor’sgarden,beginstoformanetwork.Together,wecouldcreateenoughconservationlandtomakeanenormousimpact.”（在他的书中，典型的房主可能认为他们的院子太小、太孤立、太普通，无法发挥作用。然而，他指出，私人庭院、社区、郊区甚至城市都可以发挥重要作用，尤其是当它们共同发挥作用时。郊区中心的一个小传粉者花园可能不会拯救大量的昆虫，但是在你邻居的花园旁边的一个小花园，在他们邻居的花园旁边，开始形成一个网络。齐心协力，我们就能创造出足够的保护区，产生巨大的影响。）讲述了通过齐心协力，私人庭院、社区、郊区的花园便可以形成网络，可以实现庭院保护区，进而对野生动物实现保护。因此这里主要讲述了保护区的实施逻辑，故选D。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Hefurtherarguesthatbygrowing“keystone”plants,wecansupportalargenumberofinsectspecies.Thelargenumberofinsectspeciesthensupportsadiversityofotherwildlife.Wewillnotonlyhelpstopthedeclineofwildlife”（他进一步认为，通过种植“基石”植物，我们可以支持大量昆虫物种。大量的昆虫物种支持着其他野生动物的多样性。我们不仅会帮助阻止野生动物的减少）可知，通过种植“基石”植物，有利于大量昆虫物种的繁衍。同时大量的昆虫物种也会促进其他野生动物的多样性，进而帮助实现野生动物数量的增加。因此可推知，划线词此处的含义为“增加数量”，选项A与文意相符，故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gardenersatallexperiencelevelswillgaininspirationfromthisbook,butitisnotastep-by-stepguidetodesigningawildlifegarden.Beyondafewexamples,itdoesn’ttellyouwhichplantspeciesyoushoulduse.Thosechoicesdependonyourregionandsiteconditions.”（所有经验水平的园丁都将从这本书中获得灵感，但它不是设计野生植物园的一步一步的指南。除了几个例子之外，它并没有告诉你应该使用哪种植物。这些选择取决于您所在的地区和现场条件。）可知，作者认为这本书会给人一些灵感，但它并不是讲述如何使你的庭院成为野生植物园的指南。可推知，作者对此书仅仅是客观的讲述，故选B。DWhenEugenieGeorge,afinancialwriterandeducatorfromPhiladelphia,firstheardthatherfriendpassedafinancialcounselingexam,herheartsank.She’dfailedthesametestweeksearlier.Butthen,insteadofsadness,shecalledherfriend,“Icongratulatedherandtoldhersheinspiredme.”Georgeknewthatbeingfrankwouldremoveherenvy,butshewassurprisedwhenitshiftedherattitudesoshecouldshareherfriend’shappinessandexperienceherown,inturn.Findingpleasureinanotherperson’sgoodfortuneiswhatsocialscientistscallfreudenfreude,whichdescribesthedelightwefeelwhensomeoneelsesucceeds,evenifitdoesn’tdirectlyinvolveus.Freudenfreudeislikesocialglue,saysCatherineChambliss,aprofessorofpsychologyatUrsinusCollege.Itmakesrelationships“morecloseandenjoyable.”Whilethebenefitsoffreudenfreudeareplentiful,itdoesn’talwayscomeeasily.Inzero-sumsituations,yourlossmightreallysting(刺痛),makingfreudenfreudefeeloutofreach.Ifyouwereraisedinafamilythatpairedwinningwithself-worth,Chamblisssays,youmightmisreadsomeoneelse’svictoryasyourownshortcoming.Tohelppeoplestrengthenjoy-sharing,ChamblissandhercolleaguesdevelopedaprogramcalledFreudenfreudeEnhancementTraining,featuringtwoexercises.Showactiveinterestinsomeoneelse’shappiness.Tostart,invitethebearerofgoodnewstodiscusstheexperience.Evenifyourheartisn’tinit,happinesscanthrivewhenyoumakeaheartfeltefforttoengagewithapositiveactivity.Sowhenyouspeakwithyourfriend,makeeyecontactandlistenattentively.Thisshouldmotivateyoutokeepgoingandmakeyoufeelasifyoureffortswillpayoffwithfreudenfreude.Viewindividualsuccessasajointeffort.“Whenwefeelhappyforothers,theirjoybecomesourjoy,”sayspsychologistMarisaFranco,authorofthebookPlatonic:HowtheScienceofAttachmentCanHelpYouMakeandKeepFriends.Tothatend,freudenfreudeencouragesustolookatsuccessasacommunityachievement.“Noonegetstothetopalone,andwhenweelevateothers,we’reoftencarriedupwiththem,”shesays.12.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofEugenieGeorgeinparagraph1?A.Toexplainarole. B.Tointroduceaconcept.C.Toprovideabackground. D.Tomakeaprediction.13.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthestateof“freudenfreude”?A.LiPingfeelssorryforhisfriend’snothavingpassedatest.B.LiHuafeelshappythathisfatherhasgivenhimabirthdaypresent.C.LinTaofeelsdelightedforhisdeskmate’shavingwonthefirstaward.D.LiuBinsecretlyfeelsgladthathisclassmateLiLihaslostherbelovedbike.14.Whatdothelast2paragraphsfocuson?A.Thewaystoachievefreudenfreude.B.Thereasonstoexperiencefreudenfreude.C.Theaimsofcarryingouttwoexercises.D.Theinfluencesofperformingtwoexercises.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Knowingothers’victoriesresultsinyourenvy.B.Learningtosharewithothersenhancesyourdelight.C.Celebratingothers’victoriesbringsyourselfbenefits.D.Witnessingothers’misfortunemakesyourselfunhappy.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述庆祝别人的胜利会给自己带来好处。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“WhenEugenieGeorge,afinancialwriterandeducatorfromPhiladelphia,firstheardthatherfriendpassedafinancialcounselingexam,herheartsank.She’dfailedthesametestweeksearlier.Butthen,insteadofsadness,shecalledherfriend,“Icongratulatedherandtoldhersheinspiredme.”(当尤金·乔治(EugenieGeorge)，一位来自费城的金融作家和教育家，第一次听说她的朋友通过了金融咨询考试时，她的心一沉。几周前，她也没能通过同样的测试。但随后，她没有悲伤，而是打电话给她的朋友，“我祝贺她，告诉她她激励了我。”)”列举了生活中感受别人的胜利可以带给自己好处的事例。第二段中“Findingpleasureinanotherperson’sgoodfortuneiswhatsocialscientistscallfreudenfreude,whichdescribesthedelightwefeelwhensomeoneelsesucceeds,evenifitdoesn’tdirectlyinvolveus.(从别人的好运中找到快乐就是社会科学家所说的“freudenfreude”，它描述了当别人成功时我们所感受到的快乐，即使这种快乐与我们没有直接关系)”可推知，第一段的事例是为了引出文章所介绍的话题。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Findingpleasureinanotherperson’sgoodfortuneiswhatsocialscientistscallfreudenfreude,whichdescribesthedelightwefeelwhensomeoneelsesucceeds,evenifitdoesn’tdirectlyinvolveus.(从别人好运中找到快乐就是社会科学家所说的“freudenfreude”，它描述了当别人成功时我们所感受到的快乐，即使这种快乐与我们没有直接关系)”可知，freudenfreude所描述的现象是从别人的好运中找到快乐，即当别人成功时我们能感受到的快乐。由此推知，选项C“林涛很高兴他的同桌得了第一名。”充分表明了文章所描述的freudenfreude的现象。故选C。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“Tohelppeoplestrengthenjoy-sharing,ChamblissandhercolleaguesdevelopedaprogramcalledFreudenfreudeEnhancementTraining,featuringtwoexercises.(为了帮助人们加强快乐分享，Chambliss和她的同事开发了一个名为“Freudenfreude增强训练”的项目，其中包括两个练习)”和倒数第二段中“Showactiveinterestinsomeoneelse’shappiness.(对别人的幸福表现出积极的兴趣)”及最后一段“Viewindividualsuccessasajointeffort.(把个人的成功看作是共同努力的结果)”可知，最后两段主要具体阐述了两个练习，通过什么方式来实现快乐分享。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，第二段中第一句“Findingpleasureinanotherperson’sgoodfortuneiswhatsocialscientistscallfreudenfreude,whichdescribesthedelightwefeelwhensomeoneelsesucceeds,evenifitdoesn’tdirectlyinvolveus.(从别人好运中找到快乐就是社会科学家所说的“freudenfreude”，它描述了当别人成功时我们所感受到的快乐，即使这种快乐与我们没有直接关系)”说明了freudenfreude现象的存在；第三段中“Whilethebenefitsoffreudenfreudeareplentiful,itdoesn’talwayscomeeasily.(虽然“freudenfreude”的好处很多，但它并不总是来得容易)”说明要想freudenfreude，这个过程是不容易的。最后两段提到的通过什么方式来实现快乐分享。由此可知，文章主要讲述了庆祝别人的胜利会给自己带来好处。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Openingadebatetherightwaywillmakeyouraudiencemoreinterestedandhelpyouwinyourargument.Herearesometipsthatwillwinpeopleover.Tellacharmingstory.Thiscanbeapersonalanecdoteaboutwhyyouarepassionateaboutthetopic,orananecdoteaboutanotherpersonwhotheaudiencecanlearnfrom.Makesurethatthestorycomesfromyourheartratherthanyourhead.____16____Askarhetoricalquestion.Whenrhetoricalquestionsarecraftedanddeliveredwell,theycanpersuadeanaudiencetosidewithyourposition.____17____Youcanask,forexample,“Wouldyouliketoseealovedonesufferfornoreasonatall?”Usepowerfulquotes.____18____Moreover,quotesdemonstratethatyouareknowledgeableaboutthetopic.Yourquoteshouldberelatedtothetopic,andrelevanttotheaudience.Also,trytoquotewell-knownpeople,orpeopleyouraudienceknows.Establishdefinitions.Thekeytermsinthedebateneedtobeexplainedanddefinedbythefirstspeaker.Also,definekeytermsthattheaudiencemightnotknowverywell.Identifythekeytermsinyourargumentandlookuptheirdefinitionsinarangeofdictionaries.____19____Makeeyecontactwithaudiencemembers.Practiceholdingeyecontactwithsomeoneyouknowforaminuteortwo.Repeattheexercise5or6times—thatwillreallyhelpalot.____20____Bymakingeyecontact,youcanalsojudgetheirreactionsbyreadingtheirfacialexpressions.A.Choosethemostappropriateoneforeachword.B.Theyshoulddemonstratethatthepolicywillwork.C.Usingtheminaspeechaddscredibilitytoyourideas.D.Makesurethatquotecomesfromyourheartandfeelsauthentic.E.Andtheycanconvinceyouraudiencethatyoursharetheirbeliefs.F.Justrepeatingascenefrommemoryisnotgoingtolandwiththeaudience.G.Youwillbeabletoconnectwithaudiencemembersonamorepersonallevel.【答案】16.F17.E18.C19.A20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在辩论中，一些可以帮助你赢得人们支持的建议。【16题详解】根据上文“Tellacharmingstory.Thiscanbeapersonalanecdoteaboutwhyyouarepassionateaboutthetopic,orananecdoteaboutanotherpersonwhotheaudiencecanlearnfrom.Makesurethatthestorycomesfromyourheartratherthanyourhead.”（讲一个吸引人的故事。这可以是关于你为什么对这个话题充满热情的个人轶事，也可以是关于另一个观众可以学习的人的轶事。确保故事出自你的内心，而不是你的记忆。）可知，你和听众分享的故事可以是自己的经历，也可以是给听众启示的事，这样才能给观众影响。因此空处应是承接前文，讲述单纯的记忆的东西是不能打动听众的。选项F.“仅仅凭记忆重复一个场景是不会打动观众的。”承接前文，选项中“frommemory”和前文的“head”相对应，切题，故选F。【17题详解】根据前文“Whenrhetoricalquestionsarecraftedanddeliveredwell,theycanpersuadeanaudiencetosidewithyourposition.”（当反问句精心设计并表达得当时，它们可以说服听众站在你的立场上。）提到了通过反问可以使听众与你感同身受，因此空处应承接前文，描述反问带来的好处。选项E.“它们可以让你的听众相信你和他们有共同的信念。”选项中“they”指代前文的“rhetoricalquestions”，肯定了前文的观点，符合题意，故选E。【18题详解】本段的话题是“Usepowerfulquotes.”（引用有说服力的名言。）所以空处应讲述引用名言的作用。选项C.“在演讲中使用它们可以增加你观点的可信度。”选项中“them”指代前文“powerfulquotes”，承接前文，指出了引用名言的作用，故选C。【19题详解】根据前文“Thekeytermsinthedebateneedtobeexplainedanddefinedbythefirstspeaker.Also,definekeytermsthattheaudiencemightnotknowverywell.Identifythekeytermsinyourargumentandlookuptheirdefinitionsinarangeofdictionaries.”（辩论中的关键术语需要由第一个发言者解释和定义。此外，要定义听众可能不太了解的关键术语。找出你的论点中的关键术语，并在一系列词典中查找它们的定义。）提到了对于辩论中关键术语要给出解释和定义，所以空处应承接前文内容，讲述下定义的要求是什么。选项A.“为每个术语选择最合适的单词解释。”切题，故选A。【20题详解】根据前文“Practiceholdingeyecontactwithsomeoneyouknowforaminuteortwo.Repeattheexercise5or6times—thatwillreallyhelpalot.”（练习和你认识的人保持一两分钟的眼神交流。重复这个练习5到6次——这真的很有帮助。）讲述了眼神交流的练习是有帮助作用的。所以设空处应承接前文，讲述这种帮助作用的体现是什么。选项G.“你将能够在更私人的层面上与听众建立联系。”肯定了眼神交流的意义，可以使你与听众建立更私人的层面上的联系，切题，故选G。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnanearlysummerdayinthefascinatinglandscapeofJiulongPeakReserve,deepinAnhuiprovince,DuMinghui,workinginthereserve,wastakingagroupof20studentsonastudy____21____Withthesymphonyofbirdsong____22____throughtheair,theywentonthejourney,windingtheirwaythroughtheforestto____23____thesecretsandwondersofwildflowersandtrees.Thetoursprimarily____24____natureeducation.Theyaimtoallowchildrentogainaprofoundunderstandingofnaturebyacquiringknowledgeoftheanimalsandplantsinthe____25____Throughoutthetour,studentshavetheopportunitytoacquireessential____26____skillsinthewild,suchaslearningtotieknotsand____27____simplestretchers(担架).Inrecentyears,thereservehasstrengthenedpartnershipswithscientificinstitutions,makinguseofitsadvantagestodevelop____28____toursandecotourism.DuringthefirstthreedaysofJune,Duandhiscolleagues____29____threegroupsofstudents.Withsummervacationapproaching,they____30____afloodofchildrentoappreciatetheappealingbeautyofnature.The____31____instudytoursiscloselylinkedtothe____32____environmentofthemountains.Inthepastfouryears,thereservehascapturednearly350,000____33____ofwildanimals.Withtheenvironmentbecomingbetter,peopleare____34____towitnessthereturnofanimalspeciesthathadbeen____35____foryears.21.A.schedule