2021届常州市武进区雪堰高级中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析

2021届常州市武进区雪堰高级中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解

析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABobandSueHarveyspentnineyearsasresidentfellowsinadormitoryatSanfordandintheirbookVirtualRealityandTheCollegeFreshman,theywrite“TheFreshmanoftenfacesanidentityproblemduringthefirstsemester.”Collegeisamorepressuredenvironmentthanitusedtobe,inpartbecausetheacademicgapbetweenhighschoolandcollegehasincreased.Manycollegefreshmenhaveneverhadtomakeindependentdecisionsaboutsex,drugsandalcohol.Mostdon’tknowhowtomanagetheirtimeormoney.Theyoftenfeellonelyandoverwhelmed,resultinginanxietyanddepression.NancyCorbin,directorofclinicalserviceforstudent-counseling（咨询）servicesatIowaStateUniversity,saysherofficeisseeingasignificantincreaseinrequestsforcounselingfromfreshmenwhoarehavingtroublemakingtheadjustmenttocollegelife.Shesaysolderteenagersincreasinglylacktheskillstodealwithpersonalproblemsthataren’teasilydefinedorfixed.Andtheygethomesickbuthaveahardtimeadmittingit.Parentsandhighschoolscanmakethingseasieronfreshmenbypreparingthemdifferently.Forexample,byteachingthemtobudgettheirhoursanddollars.TheHarveysthinkhighschoolsshouldofferacollege-lifecourse.“Parentsneedtofocusmoreonrelationshipandpersonalissuesandlessonhowmanysheetsandtowelstotake,”theysay.Manyhomesickfreshmenthinkthey’llberegardedasfailuresiftheycomehomebeforeThanksgiving.Soparentscanhelpbylettingthemknowthey’rewelcometoreturniftheyfeeltheneed.Inthemeantime,parentshavetofindnewwaystokeepintouchwiththeircollegekids.Oneofthebestwaysise-mail.It’slessunpleasantandlessexpensivethanconstantphonecallsandismorelikelytobeansweredthanahandwrittenletter.Whyisthefirstsemesterdifficultforfreshmenincollege?Becausetheyoftenfailinexams.Becausetheylacktimeandmoney.Becausetheyaretoohomesicktomakenewfriends.Becausetheyhavetosettlepersonalissuesontheirown.Inthelastparagraph,itissuggestedthat .parentsshouldstopbuyinganythingfortheirkidsparentsshoulddevelopagoodrelationshipwiththeirkidsparentsshouldbetaughthowtosende-mailstotheirkidsparentsshouldworkwithhighschoolsincollege-lifecoursesWhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?HardLifeofCollegeFreshmen B.ApproachestoTroubleinCollegeC.Freshmen’sAdaptationProblems D.AStrangePhenomenoninCollegeBMoveover,helicopterparents.“Snowplow（扫雪机）parents”arethenewestreflectionofanintensive（强化的）parentingstylethatcanincludeparentsbookingtheiradultchildrenhaircuts,textingtheircollegekidstowakethemupsotheydon’tsleepthroughatest,andevencallingtheirkids’employers.Helicopterparentingthepracticeofwanderinganxiouslynearone’schildren,monitoringtheireveryactivity,isso20thcentury.Somerichmothersandfathersnowaremorelikesnowplows:machinesmovingahead,clearinganydifficultiesintheirchildren’spathtosuccess,sotheydon’thavetosufferfailure,frustration（挫折）orloseopportunities.Itstartsearly,whenparentsgetonwaitlistsforexcellentpreschoolsbeforetheirbabiesarebornandtrytomakesuretheirkidsneverdoanythingthatmayfrustratethem.Itgetsmoreintensewhenschoolstarts:runningforgottenhomeworktoschoolorcallingacoachtorequestthattheirchildrenmaketheteam.Richparentsmayhavemoretimeandmoneytodevotetomakingsuretheirchildrendon’tevermeetwithfailure,butit’snotonlyrichparentspracticingsnowplowparenting.Thisintensiveparentinghasbecomethemostwelcomewaytoraisechildren,regardlessofincome,education,orrace.Yes,it’saparent’sjobtosupportthechildren,andtousetheiradultwisdomtoprepareforthefuturewhentheirchildrenaren’tmatureenoughtodoso.That’swhyparentshidecertaintoysfrombabiestoavoidgettingangryortakeawayateenager’scarkeysuntilhefinisheshiscollegeapplications.Butsnowplowparentscantakeittoofar,someexpertssay.Ifchildrenhaveneverfacedadifficulty,whathappenswhentheygetintotherealworld?“Solvingproblems,takingrisksandovercomingfrustrationarekeylifeskills,”manychilddevelopmentexpertssay,“andifparentsdon’tlettheirchildrenexperiencefailure,thechildrendon’tacquirethem.”4.Whatdoweknowaboutsnowplowparenting?A.Itappearedbeforehelicopterparenting.Itcostsparentslessthanhelicopterparenting.Itwasatypicalphenomenonofthe20thcentury.Itprovidesmorethanenoughservicesforchildren.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutsnowplowparentinginParagraph4?A.Itscost. B.Itsbenefits. C.Itspopularity. D.Itsending.Whydoestheauthormentionparents’takingawaycarkeys?Toshowteenagersarenobetterthanbabies.Toadviseteenagersnottotreattheircarsastoys.Toadviseparentsnottobuycarsfortheirteenagers.Toshowit’sappropriatetohelpchildrenwhennecessary.What’sthepossibleresultofsnowplowparentingaccordingtotheexperts?Childrenlackingproblem-solvingabilityinreality.Childrenmasteringmorekeylifeskillsthanparents.Childrengaininggreatsuccessineveryaspectoflife.Childrenmeetingnoproblemsorfrustrationaftergrowingup.CHaveyoueverthrownacamel?Camelsarelargeandheavyanimalssoitwouldbehardtothrow.ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,“tothrowacamel”isawayofsaying“tomakeaspellingmistake”.Inthepast,aphraselikethatwasnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernmentasanofficialFrenchterm.Butrecently,theFrenchMinistryofCultureworkedonanewkindofdictionarythatacceptstheideathatmanypeopleoutsideofFrancespeakthelanguage.ThelanguagehaschangedovertimeandisdifferentinplaceslikeIvoryCoastinWestAfricaorQuebecinCana-da,comparedtohowitisinParisAnewonlinedictionary,calledtheFrenchspeakers’dictionary,includesnewFrenchwordsfromaroundtheworld.ItwasreleasedonMarch18—justintimeforInternationalFrenchSpeaker’sDayonMarch20.SupporterssaythenewInternetdictionaryismoredemocraticthanearlierFrenchdictionariesthatonlyshowedthewayhighlyeducatedFrenchpeoplespoke.Thenewdictionaryincludesunofficialwordslike“pourriel”,whichmeansanunwantedemailifyouareinCanada.Itisawordbasedon“courriel”,whichjustmeansanemail.FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronproposedtheideaofthedictionaryin2018.Itnowcontainsabout600.000terms,RoselyneBachelotistheFrenchCultureMinister.ShesaidthedictionaryisnotjustforFrance's67millioncitizens,butforthe300millionFrenchspeakersworldwide.Theaim,supporterssay,istorecognizethewaylanguagechanges.Wordsandexpressionsincludedinthedictionarycomefromover50countries—evenfromtheUnitedStatesSomepeopleinthesouthernU.S.stateofLouisianaspeakFrench.Peoplecanseethedictionaryonawebsiteorwithanapp.Userscanalsosendinnewwordstheythinkshouldbeincluded.OfficialdictionariesproducedbytheFrenchAcademyinPariswerefirstpublishedhundredsofyearsagoandareregularlyupdated.Whatdowemeanifwesayaman“throwsacamel”inFrench?A.Hetalksbig. B.Heisverystrong.C.Hemakesajoke. D.Hemisspellsaword.Whatisthepurposeofthepublicationdateofthenewonlinedictionary?A.Tocelebrateanevent. B.Tohonorforeignusers.C.Todrawmoreattention. D.Tomeetanurgentneed.Wheredoestheword“pourriel”comefrom?A.French. B.Anemail. C.Aholiday. D.Canada.Whatcanpeopledowiththenewdictionary?A.Updateitregularly. B.Recommendnewwordstoit.C.Changethemeaningofitswords. D.Regarditasanofficialdictionary.DSometimespeoplemakehistory.GeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStatesandmadehistory.Sometimeswarsmakehistory.ThetwoWorldWarsareexamples.Sometimesnatureevenbecomespartofhistory.Shakingearthquakesarerecordedinhistorybooks.Sixteenyearsago,naturecausedjustsuchahistory-makingevent.InSeptember2005,HurricaneKatrinacameashoreinNewOrleans,Louisiana.ThedeadlystormfloodedNewOrleans.BeforeKatrina,nootherbigAmericancityhadeverfloodedinthehistoryofthecountry.Thisnaturaldisastercausedgreatharmanddeath.NewOrleansislocatedbelowsealevel.Thislocationplacesitatgreatrisk.LeveeswerebuilttoprotectNewOrleansfromtheocean.(Aleveeislikeawallbetweenthecityandtheocean.)WhenHurricaneKatrinacameashore,watermovedovertheleveesintothecity.Floodingmadeitnecessaryforeveryonetoleavethecity.BeforeKatrina,Creolefood(aspecialkindofcookingonlyinLouisiana)filledtheairwithdelicioussmells.Thesoundofjazzmusictraveledthroughthestreets.Nowthecityhastoreturntoitsformerglory.BeforeKatrina,theU.S.governmenthadnevermadeeveryoneleaveacity.PeopleinNewOrleanshadtofindshelterquickly.SomehadtostayattheSuperdomeSportsCenter.Somerodeonbusestoothertowns.Thousandsdrovetheircarstogetawayfromthestorm.Theroadsandsheltersfilledupfast.ThelessonlearnedfromKatrinawasthatcitiesmustbebetterpreparedforbigstormsandotherterribledisasterscausedbynature.Beingpreparedmighthavekeptmorepeoplesafe.HurricaneKatrinaisoneofthehistory-makingeventsthatwillberememberedforever.Today,historyisstillbeingmadethatwillshapethefuture.WhatdoestheauthortellusaboutNewOrleans?A.Itwasbuiltabovesealevel.IthadfewjazzmusiciansafterKatrina.ItwasthefirstU.S.citythathadbeenflooded.ItcreatedawhollynewwaytocookafterKatrina.Whatcanwesayaboutthelevees?A.TheywerealmostuselessforfightingKatrina.TheyhelpedpeopleleaveNewOrleansquickly.TheymadeNewOrleansaspecialAmericancity.TheyshouldbebuilttomatchthesizeofNewOrleans.Whatmighttheauthoradvisecitygovernmentstodo?A.Putupmoresheltersinthecity.C.Teachpeoplehowtoavoidfloods.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?B.Buildmoreleveesaroundthecity.D.Trytogetreadyfornaturaldisasters.A.Stormsaredangerous B.KatrinamakeshistoryC.FloodsshapeLouisiana D.Historymustberemembered第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Everybodyhasdayswhentheydon'tfeellikeworkingbutstilltherearetasksthatneedtobecompleted.Inthiscase,thebelowsuggestionswillhelpyougetbacktoyourwork.Makesureyourworkspaceisorganizedbeforeyoubeginonanewtask. 16 Inthisway,youdon'tloseyourfocuswhenyoustartworkingonyourtask.Trytorelaxandrefreshyourmindtogetready.Listentoclassicalorjazzmusictocalmyoursoul.Also,ifyoucan,openthewindow. 17 18 Thiswillhelpyoumanageyourworkbetterandasaresult,youcanmeasureyourachievementasyoueasilycompleteyourtasksonebyone.Completingsmallertaskswillalsomotivateyoutostartoffothersandso,finishthewholeproject.Increaseyourmotivationbyworkingwithotherpeople.Rememberthoseschooldayswhenyouusedtogroupstudywithyourclassmates. 19 Ifyouhaveateammateoracoworkerwhocanhelpyoubygivinginputsorwhocanmotivateyou,then,workwiththisperson.Ignoreeverythingelsearoundyou,justasNikesays,justdoit!Don'tforgetthatbeginningishalffinishing. 20 Getmovingassoonaspossibleandyouwillrealizethatbeginningisactuallymucheasierthanyouthink.Practicereallymakesperfect.Thesameholdsforworkaswell.Divideyourmaintaskintosmallertasks.Ifnot,cleanoutalltheunnecessarythings.Freshoxygenwillhelpyourbrainworkbetter.Sostopwastingyourtimeandfocusonthetask.Motivationisveryimportantwhenyoustartanewtask.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Weboughtamicrowavelastweek.Thismaynotseemlikebig___21___,butwe’veneverownedonebefore.InaNewYorkCitykitchenwithsmallcounterspace,acubicfootisfartoo___22___todeserveoccupationbyasingleappliance.Buttheconvenienceofheatingfood___23___finallyoutweighedtheconvenienceofspace.Sothisisabetter___24___forus.Ihave___25___thattherearedifferenttypesofchoiceswegetinlife.Thefirstisthegoodvs.goodvariety.Thatis,bothchoiceswill___26___us.Whichflavoroficecreamtastesbetter?Whichcardoyou___27___?Whicheveroptionweselect,theworstoutcomeisthatour___28___isn’toptimized（使最优化）.Notaproblem.Nextupisgoodvs.bad.Thesechoicesareeither___29___orincrediblyhard.Oftenweneedtochoosebetweenshort-termpleasureandlong-termgood.Whatfeelsthebesttodaymaybe___30___fiveyearsfromnow,andwhat’sthehardestatthemomentmaybewhat’soptimalforthefuture.Goodvs.badchoices___31___insight（洞察力）andstickingtoour___32___.Finallythere’stheleast-worstoptionsituation,whereeverypossibilityis___33___,andwehaveto___34___whichisleastharmful.Dowechoosethedangerousoperationorlikely___35___?Inwhichpoorneighborhooddoweraiseourkids?Sometimeswehavetofacemany___36___ofthissortandwemustmakeachoice.Mymicrowavepurchase___37___fallsinthegoodvs.goodcategory___38___Ihadtheprivilegeofweighingoneconvenienceagainstanotherandmakingachoice.ThoughInowworkaroundthemonsterpresenceinmymini-kitchen,I___39___thebenefitsitoffers.Facinginconvenienceisnotaproblem;howyoubehave___40___.21.A.newsB.changeC.lossD.trouble22.A.commonB.spaciousC.preciousD.hard23.A.freelyB.effectivelyC.quietlyD.quickly24.A.chanceB.choiceC.planD.life25.A.noticedB.agreedC.doubtedD.admitted26.A.affectB.confuseC.benefitD.inspire27.A.hateB.preferC.acceptD.make28.A.pleasureB.experienceC.timeD.fund29.A.reasonableB.effortlessC.rightD.wise30.A.comfortableB.harmfulC.dangerous D.important31.A.turnoverB.putonC.callforD.takeup32.A.routinesB.dreamsC.habitsD.values33.A.painfulB.uselessC.helpfulD.unnecessary34.A.explainB.showC.decideD.guess35.A.deathB.recoveryC.survivalD.injury36.A.opportunitiesB.debatesC.dilemmas D.barriers37.A.hopefullyB.finallyC.nearlyD.clearly38.A.butB.if C.althoughD.because39.A.stressB.enjoyC.ignoreD.predict40.A.works第二节（共10小题；B.succeeds每小题1.5分，满分C.fails15分）D.matters阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Nailartisincreasinglypopularthroughouttheworldandmanyareusingtheirfingernails 41. (display)creativityandpersonality.Theyliketoshowofftheirlatestandcuriouslybeautifuldesigns,especiallyyoungwomen,whoarefondofdoingso 42. theintentionofleavingagoodimpressiononothers.Asamatteroffact,nailpolish(指甲油)andnailarthavealonghistory,datingbackto3000BCinChina,IndiaandEgypt,whenplantswereprocessedtocreateadyeusedasatypeofnailpaint,which 43. (apply)andrepresentedsocialclassandwealth;deepcolor1slikeredwerewornbytherich 44. lighterpalercolor1swereusedbythepoor.PeopleintheIncacivilizationpaintedanimalsontheirnails,showingwhichtribe(部落)theybelongedto!Notuntiltheearly19thcentury45.(be)nailpaintschangedintothenailpolishthatweseetoday.Besidesvariouscolor1s,theskillshavegotimproved,leadingto 46. nailpolishindustry’ssuccess.Nailartispartofthefashionworld.Withtheapplicationofgemstones,airbrushingandfinedetail,youcancompleteanylook,whichcanmakeyoucheerfuland