浙江省温州新力量联盟高二下学期期末检测英语试题

2022学年第二学期温州新力量联盟期末联考高二年级英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷共10页满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherewillthespeakersprobablyspendtheweekend?A.Onabeach.B.Inaforest.C.Intheircity.2.WhatwillthemandoonThursday?A.Haveaninterview.B.Attendameeting.C.Gotothetown.3.Whydoesn’tKellywanttotrythatrollercoaster?A.Shedoesn’twanttogobyherself.B.Shehasbeenonitbefore.C.Sheisafraidofit.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtomakeapaperplane.B.Howtorecyclerubbish.C.Howtobookaflight.5.WhatdoesthemanthinkofProfessorWhite’spresentation?A.It’snovel.B.It’sabitboring.C.It’sgreatlyinspiring.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.WhydoesTonyaskforarecommendation?A.Helovesrockmusic.B.Heisplanningabirthdaytreat.C.Hewantstohavefunwithfriends.7.WhatdoesJanesayaboutthetickets?A.Theycanbeexpensive.B.Theycurrentlycostless.C.Theyhaveprobablysoldout.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.WhatwillSarahgetforherovertimehours?A.Atwo-dayholiday.B.Anextrapayment.C.Abigdinner.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Managerandworker.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Brotherandsister.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Inaradiostation.C.Inadepartmentstore.11.Whatkindofclockdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Onethatisoperatedbybatteries.B.Onethatismadeofwood.C.Onethathasaloudsound.12.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Replacethebatteryofherclock.B.Gotoanotherstore.C.Paybycreditcard.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatarethespeakerscelebrating?A.Aholiday.B.Elizabeth’sbirthday.C.Arestaurant’sopening.14.Whatwillthespeakersprobablyservefirst?A.Biscuits.B.Vegetables.C.Icecream.15.Whichdishistoday’sspecial?A.Roastedfish.B.Chickensoup.C.Salad.16.Whichdrinkwilltheguestshavebesideswater?A.Coffee.B.Wine.C.Juice.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whatdoweknowabouttheclasses?A.TheycanbeattendedontheInternet.B.Theyhave10differentlevels.C.TheystartinAugust.18.Whatisthemaximumnumberofstudentsinagroupclass?A.5.B.10.C.20.19.Howcanstudentsmoveupthroughthelevels?A.Bypayingmoremoney.B.Byfinishingareport.C.Bytakingaplacementtest.20.Whatwillthespeakerprobablydonext?A.Conductaclass.B.Respondtosomequestions.C.PresentanativeEnglishspeaker.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAmongtheworksofartevercreatedbyhumanhands,therearethosemasterpiecesthathavelefttheirmarkonthehistoryofmankindforever.Theseartworkshavealwaysinspiredmillionsofpeopleforcreativedaringandnewcreativediscoveries.MonaLisaProbablythemostfamouspaintingintheworldisLeonardodaVinci’sLaGioconda,betterknownasMonaLisa.ThispaintingisanimageofMadameGherardini,theidealwomanoftheRenaissance.Anditsufferedfrombeingdamaged,stolenandevenhunginNapoleon’sbedroom.Thepaintingisofficiallyannouncedpriceless,asthismasterpieceisthebestartofalltime.MonaLisaiscurrentlykeptintheLouvre,Paris.TheBirthofVenusAnotherofthemostfamouspaintingsistheBirthofVenus.Botticelli’spaintingillustratesthemythofthebirthofAphrodite.ThebeautifulgoddessfloatstotheshoreinaseashellandontheshoresheismetbyoneoftheGraces.TheBirthofVenusiswellpreservedthankstothefactthatBotticelliappliedaprotectivelayerofeggyolk(蛋黄)tothepainting.ThismasterpieceiskeptinFlorenceintheUffiziGallery.ThePersistenceofMemoryAccordingtotheauthorhimself,thepicturewaspaintedasaresultofabstractassociationsthatDalihadatthesightofprocessedcheese.Galapredictedquitecorrectlythatnoone,oncehavingseenthePersistenceofMemory,willforgetit.ThisoutstandingpaintingislocatedintheMuseumofModernArtinNewYork.GirlwithaPearlEarringIt’sanoilpaintingoncanvas(画布)byDutchartistJohannesVermeer,oneofhismostwell-knownworks.Itdescribesanimaginaryyoungwomaninexotic(异国情调的)dressandaverylargepearlearring.TheworkpermanentlystaysintheMauritshuismuseuminTheHague.1.Whichpictureexperiencedalotinitsbeingpreservedprocess?A.MonaLisa. B.TheBirthofVenus.C.ThePersistenceofMemory. D.GirlwithaPearlEarring.2.HowistheBirthofVenuswellpreserved?A.Bybeingpaintedoncanvas.B.BybeingkeptinFlorence.C.Withpermanentcare.D.Withaprotectivelayerofeggofyolk.3.Wherewillyouprobablyfindthetext?A.Inanovel. B.Inafairytale.C.Inamagazine. D.Inabookreview.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四幅名画。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据MonaLisa部分中“Anditsufferedfrombeingdamaged,stolenandevenhunginNapoleon’sbedroom.(它遭受了损坏，被盗，甚至挂在拿破仑的卧室里)”可知，MonaLisa在保存过程中经历了很多。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据BirthofVenus部分中“TheBirthofVenusiswellpreservedthankstothefactthatBotticelliappliedaprotectivelayerofeggyolk(蛋黄)tothepainting.(《维纳斯的诞生》之所以保存得很好，是因为波提切利在画作上涂了一层蛋黄保护层)”可知，因为有一层蛋黄的保护层，所以《维纳斯的诞生》保存得很好。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Amongtheworksofartevercreatedbyhumanhands,therearethosemasterpiecesthathavelefttheirmarkonthehistoryofmankindforever.Theseartworkshavealwaysinspiredmillionsofpeopleforcreativedaringandnewcreativediscoveries.(在人类创造的艺术作品中，有一些杰作在人类历史上留下了永远的印记。这些艺术品一直激励着数以百万计的人进行创造性的大胆尝试和新的创造性发现)”及下文可知，文章介绍了四幅名画。由此推知，本文可能出自与艺术相关的杂志。故选C项。BMymotheralwaystoldme,“Youshouldexploreyourowncountrybeforesteppingoutintotheworld.”However,itseemslikeatoughmissiontotravelallacrossitsexpansivesurfaces.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJuly.Theticketwasabargain$150.MybestfriendsTrevor,JoelandJeremyandIimmediatelyjumpedattheopportunityandsecuredfourticketsonthegreatCanadianrailroad.Foragroupof20-year-olds,thiswaslikethefirstflightofyoungbirdsfromthenest.Whenweapproachedthetrainstationinthemorning,our22-dayadventurefromSudburytoVancouverwastobegin.Eyesbaggyfromlackofsleep,wejumpedonboardasifitwasthetraintoHogwartsinHarryPotter.Althoughthethoughtofthreefulldaysonthosetrackscoveringcloseto3,000kilometrescrushedourspiritsalittle,whathappenednextcaughtusbysurprise.Thethreedaysonboardturnedintoasummercamponrails.Atnight,wewouldclimbuptheglass-domedtraincar,whichgaveusascenicviewofthestarrynightsky,untouchedbytheharmfullightpollution.Beforeweknewit,thewarmsunraysbeatingdownonourfaceswokeusupforanotherdayontherails.Tomysurprise,aseaofgoldengrainfieldsdominatedthelandscapewewereintheCanadianPrairies.Anotherdayslippedawayandwesetupforanothernightinthedome(圆顶状物).Andthistimeweweregreetedbynightskypaintedbyafantasticthunderstorm.Lightningwasstrikingatanincrediblerate.Thespectacularandmemorablelightshowlefteveryoneintheglassbubbleincompletedisbelief.ArrivingintheRockyMountainswasoneofthemostsurrealexperiencesofmylife.Beforethetrainadventure,ifIcouldhaveskippedthetravelandarrivedatthedestination,Iwouldhave.Thatisnolongertrue.I’velearnedthatthejourneycanbemoreenjoyablethanthedestination.4.Whathasmadetheauthor’strainadventureacrossCanadaareality?A.Theencouragementgivenbyhismother.B.ThediscountticketofferedbyViaRailCanada.C.Theappealofthescenicviewsinthecountry.D.Hisgreatcouragetochallengeatoughmission.5WhatcanweinferabouttheyoungpeoplefromParagraph2?A.Theylefttheirparentsforthefirsttimeintheirlife.B.Theyneverthoughtofhavingatrainadventure.C.TheywerehookedbythemagicstoryofHarryPotter.D.Theywereexcitedaboutthecomingtrainjourney.6.Whatdoes“theglassbubble”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A.Theglass-domedtraincar. B.Thesightseeingtour.C.Astateofexcitement. D.Asummercamponthetrain.7.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromthetrainadventureacrossCanada?A.Thedestinationiswhatmatters.B.Adventurousjourneyattractsyoungpeople.C.Enjoyingajourneycountsalot.D.Thetravelingexperienceisnotrealtohim.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者和朋友乘坐火车穿越加拿大的经历，描述了他们在路途中的所见所闻和感受。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,itseemslikeatoughmissiontotravelallacrossitsexpansivesurfaces.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJuly.Theticketwasabargain$150.(然而，穿越它广阔的表面似乎是一项艰巨的任务。但对我来说幸运的是，ViaRailCanada为18至25岁的年轻人提供了在7月份乘坐火车穿越加拿大的机会。票价便宜到150美元。)”可知，是加拿大Via铁路公司提供的折扣票让作者穿越加拿大的火车冒险变成了现实。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Foragroupof20-year-olds,thiswaslikethefirstflightofyoungbirdsfromthenest.Whenweapproachedthetrainstationinthemorning,our22-dayadventurefromSudburytoVancouverwastobegin.Eyesbaggyfromlackofsleep,wejumpedonboardasifitwasthetraintoHogwartsinHarryPotter.(对于一群20多岁的年轻人来说，这就像是雏鸟第一次从巢里飞出来。当我们早上到达火车站时，我们从Sudbury到Vancouver的22天冒险就要开始了。由于睡眠不足，我们的眼睛都肿了起来，我们跳上了火车，就好像是《哈利波特》里开往霍格沃茨的火车。)”可推知，年轻人对即将到来的火车旅行很兴奋。故选D。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Atnight,wewouldclimbuptheglass-domedtraincar,whichgaveusascenicviewofthestarrynightsky,untouchedbytheharmfullightpollution.(晚上，我们会爬上玻璃圆顶车厢，在那里我们可以看到满天星斗的夜空，没有受到有害的光污染。)”以及划线短语上文Andthistimeweweregreetedbynightskypaintedbyafantasticthunderstorm.Lightningwasstrikingatanincrediblerate.Thespectacularandmemorablelightshowlefteveryone可知，这次迎接我们的是描绘着梦幻般的雷雨的夜空。闪电以令人难以置信的速度袭来。壮观而难忘的光影秀让“theglassbubble”里的每个人都难以置信。由此可知，“theglassbubble”指的是玻璃穹顶的火车车厢。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’velearnedthatthejourneycanbemoreenjoyablethanthedestination.(我明白了旅途比目的地更令人愉快。)”可推知，作者从穿越加拿大的火车冒险中学到了享受一段旅程很重要。故选C。CAnexperthasrevealedwhethercarrotstrulyhelpyouseeinthedarkandifanappleadayactuallykeepsthedoctoraway.NutritionistLilySoutteralsoclarifiesifitreallytakessevenyearstodigestchewinggum(口香糖),whetheryoucanswimaftereatingandiffishisgoodforthebrain.SheconfirmsthatwhilecarrotscontainlotsofvitaminA,whichhelpsmaintainhealthyvision,theydon’thelpyouseeanybetterinthedark.Similarly,enjoyinganappleadaywon’tinitselfreduceyourchancesofneedingtovisitadoctor,andchewinggumdoesn’ttakesevenyearstoleaveyoursystem.Andsadly,eatingcelery(芹菜)doesn’tburnmorecaloriesthanyougainfromeatingit,despite23percentbelievingittobethecase.YogurtmakerOnkenteamedupwithLily.Theyconductedasurveyof2,000people,findinghalfofthemare“confused”aboutfoodfactandfiction.Onkensaid,“Manyofusrelyonwhatwerememberfromschoolwhenitcomestonutrition.Butwe’relearningnewthingsallthetimeaboutwhatdifferentfoodsdoforourhealth,suchasthebenefitoffermented(发酵的)foodstoourgutandimmunesystem.Whilesomeofwhat’spasseddownovergenerationsissuperadvice,someofitisn’t.”Thestudyalsofoundthatswimmingrightaftereatingiswronglybelievedby34percentofadultstobesomethingyoushouldn’tdo.Infact,it’sexercisingtohighintensityimmediatelyaftereatingthatshouldbeavoided,asitcangiveyouasuddenpain.Almosthalfbelievefishisgoodforthebrain.They’reright,aslongasthey’reeatingoilyfish,becauseessentialomega-3fattyacidsinoilyfishcontributetonormalbrainfunction.Other“fakenews”wronglybelievedbymanyofthosesurveyedincludeeatingchickensouphelpsifyouhaveacold(27%)anddrinkingfruitjuiceisashealthyaseatingwholefruit(17%).8.WhatcanwelearnaboutLilySoutter’sfindings?A.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.B.Eatingcelerysurelyhelpsusloseweight.C.Eatingcarrotscontributestohealthyvision.D.Carrotshelpusseethingsbetterinthedark.9.WhyisOnkenmentionedinthetext?A.Toappealtomorepeopletofindrightfoodfacts.B.Toinformpeopleofthebenefitoffermentedfoods.C.ToprovetherearemanymakersworkingwithLily.D.Topointoutmanypeople’smistakennutritionideas.10.Whatattitudeshouldwetaketothenutritionideaspasseddownovergenerations?A.Supportive. B.Disapproving. C.Indifferent. D.Cautious.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LearningNewThingsIsVitaltoHealthB.HowtoFight“FakeNews”AboutHealthC.WelcometotheMostPopularFoodMythsD.NutritionistRevealsTruthAboutFoodMyths【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了营养学家LilySoutter通过研究揭露了一些食物营养真相，指出人们长久以来的一些错误营养观念。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“NutritionistLilySoutteralsoclarifiesifitreallytakessevenyearstodigestchewinggum(口香糖),whetheryoucanswimaftereatingandiffishisgoodforthebrain.(营养学家LilySoutter也澄清了消化口香糖是否真的需要七年时间，吃完后是否可以游泳，以及鱼是否对大脑有益。)”以及第三段“SheconfirmsthatwhilecarrotscontainlotsofvitaminA,whichhelpsmaintainhealthyvision,theydon’thelpyouseeanybetterinthedark.Similarly,enjoyinganappleadaywon’tinitselfreduceyourchancesofneedingtovisitadoctor,andchewinggumdoesn’ttakesevenyearstoleaveyoursystem.Andsadly,eatingcelery(芹菜)doesn’tburnmorecaloriesthanyougainfromeatingit,despite23percentbelievingittobethecase.(她证实，虽然胡萝卜含有大量的维生素A，有助于保持健康的视力，但它们并不能帮助你在黑暗中看得更清楚。同样，每天吃一个苹果本身不会减少你去看医生的机会，口香糖也不需要7年才能离开你的身体。可悲的是，吃芹菜燃烧的卡路里并不比你从吃它中获得的卡路里多，尽管23%的人认为是这样。)”可知，吃胡萝卜有助于保持健康的视力。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“YogurtmakerOnkenteamedupwithLily.Theyconductedasurveyof2,000people,findinghalfofthemare‘confused’aboutfoodfactandfiction.(酸奶制造商Onken与Lily合作。他们对2000人进行了一项调查，发现其中一半的人对食物的事实和虚构感到‘困惑’。)”以及第五段“Onkensaid,‘Manyofusrelyonwhatwerememberfromschoolwhenitcomestonutrition.Butwe’relearningnewthingsallthetimeaboutwhatdifferentfoodsdoforourhealth,suchasthebenefitoffermented(发酵的)foodstoourgutandimmunesystem.Whilesomeofwhat’spasseddownovergenerationsissuperadvice,someofitisn’t.’(Onken说：‘谈到营养，我们中的许多人都依赖于我们在学校学到的东西。但我们一直在学习新的东西，了解不同的食物对我们的健康有什么好处，比如发酵食物对我们的肠道和免疫系统的好处。虽然有些是代代相传的超级建议，但有些则不是。’)”可知Onken认为我们一直在学习新的东西，了解不同的食物对我们的健康有什么好处，代代相传的或者依赖在学校时记忆的营养观念有些是错误的，由此可知，提到Onken是为了指出许多人错误的营养观念。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Onkensaid,‘Manyofusrelyonwhatwerememberfromschoolwhenitcomestonutrition.Butwe’relearningnewthingsallthetimeaboutwhatdifferentfoodsdoforourhealth,suchasthebenefitoffermented(发酵的)foodstoourgutandimmunesystem.Whilesomeofwhat’spasseddownovergenerationsissuperadvice,someofitisn’t.’(Onken说：‘谈到营养，我们中的许多人都依赖于我们在学校学到的东西。但我们一直在学习新的东西，了解不同的食物对我们的健康有什么好处，比如发酵食物对我们的肠道和免疫系统的好处。虽然有些是代代相传的超级建议，但有些则不是。’)”可知代代相传下来的一些营养观念有些是正确的，有些不是；由此可知，对待这些营养观念应持谨慎态度。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anexperthasrevealedwhethercarrotstrulyhelpyouseeinthedarkandifanappleadayactuallykeepsthedoctoraway.(近日，一位专家揭示了胡萝卜是否真的能帮助你在黑暗中看清东西，以及一天一个苹果是否真的能让你远离医生。)”、第二段“NutritionistLilySoutteralsoclarifiesifitreallytakessevenyearstodigestchewinggum(口香糖),whetheryoucanswimaftereatingandiffishisgoodforthebrain.(营养学家LilySoutter也澄清了消化口香糖是否真的需要七年时间，吃完后是否可以游泳，以及鱼是否对大脑有益。)”以及下文对于研究发现的详细阐述，可知本文主要介绍了营养学家LilySoutter通过研究揭露了一些食物营养的真相，指出人们长久以来的一些错误营养观念；D选项“NutritionistRevealsTruthAboutFoodMyths(营养学家揭示食物神话的真相)”符合文章主旨，适合作为最佳文章标题。故选D。DSaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve’snewwifeBetty,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingtosay.WhileSarafeltBettydidn’tholdupherendoftheconversation,BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacingandpausing.Conversationisaturn-takinggame.Whenourhabitsaresimilar,there’snoproblem.Butifourhabitsaredifferent,youmaystarttotalkbeforeI’mfinishedorfailtotakeyourturnwhenI’mfinished.That’swhatwashappeningwithBettyandSara.ItmaynotbecoincidentalthatBetty,whoexpectedrelativelylongerpausesbetweenturns,isBritish,andSara,whoexpectedrelativelyshorterpauses,isAmerican.BettyoftenfeltinterruptedbySara.ButBettyherselfbecameaninterrupterandfoundherselfdoingmostofthetalkingwhenshemetavisitorfromFinland.AndSarahadahardtimecuttinginonsomespeakersfromLatinAmericaorIsrael.Thegeneralphenomenon,then,isthatthesmallconversationtechniques,likepacingandpausing,leadpeopletodrawconclusionsnotaboutconversationalstylebutaboutpersonalityandabilities.Thesehabitualdifferencesareoftenthebasisfordangerousstereotyping.Andthesesocialphenomenacanhaveverypersonalconsequences.Forexample,awomanfromthesouthwesternpartoftheUSwenttoliveinaneasterncitytotakeupajobinpersonnel.WhenthePersonnelDepartmentgottogetherformeetings,shekeptsearchingfortherighttimetobreakin—andneverfoundit.Althoughbackhomeshewasconsideredoutgoingandconfident,inWashingtonshewasviewedasshyandretiring.Whenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.That’swhyslightdifferencesinconversationalstyle—tinylittlethingslikemicrosecondsofpause-canhaveagreateffectonone’slife.Theresultinthiscasewasajudgmentofpsychologicalproblems—eveninthemindofthewomanherself,whoreallywonderedwhatwaswrongwithherandregisteredforassertivenesstraining.12.Accordingtothepassage,whoarelikelytoexpecttheshortestpausesbetweenturns?A.Americans. B.Israelis. C.TheBritish. D.TheFinns.13.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat__________.A.communicationbreakdownresultsfromshortpausesandfastpacingB.womenareunfavorablystereotypedineasterncitiesoftheUSC.one’sinabilitytospeakupisculturallydeterminedsometimesD.oneshouldreceivetrainingtobuildupone’sconfidence14.Theunderlinedword“assertiveness”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans__________.A.beingwillingtospeakone’smindB.beingabletoincreaseone’spowerC.beingreadytomakeone’sownjudgmentD.beingquicktoexpressone’sideasconfidently15.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A.PeoplefromFinlandtendtopauseshorterthanthosefromBritain.B.Conversationaltechniquessuchaspacingandpausingmaycausepeopletojumptoconclusionsaboutone’scharacterandcapabilities.C.Peopleinaconversationareexpectedtotaketurnsinspeaking.D.Differentconversationalhabitsmayleadtoabreakdownincommunication.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以两个例子来说明谈话风格上的细微差别——比如几微秒的停顿和语速——可以对一个人的生活产生重大影响。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ItmaynotbecoincidentalthatBetty,whoexpectedrelativelylongerpausesbetweenturns,isBritish,andSara,whoexpectedrelativelyshorterpauses,isAmerican.ButBettyherselfbecameaninterrupterandfoundherselfdoingmostofthetalkingwhenshemetavisitorfromFinland.AndSarahadahardtimecuttinginonsomespeakersfromLatinAmericaorIsrael.(贝蒂预计更长的停顿时间，她是英国人，而萨拉预计换人更短的停顿时间，她是美国人，这可能并非巧合。但是贝蒂自己成为了一个打断者，当她遇到一位来自芬兰的访客时，她发现自己主要是在说话。萨拉很难打断一些来自拉丁美洲或以色列的演讲者。)”可知，期待最短的停顿说明说话最快，即以色列人说话最快，故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhileSarafeltBettydidn’tholdupherendoftheconversation,BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacingandpausing.(当萨拉觉得贝蒂没有完成她的谈话时，贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说，萨拉从来没有给过她说话的机会。这个问题与对节奏和停顿的预期有关。)”和第四段中“Thegeneralphenomenon,then,isthatthesmallconversationtechniques,likepacingandpausing,leadpeopletodrawconclusionsnotaboutconversationalstylebutaboutpersonalityandabilities.(那么，一般的现象是，像节奏和停顿这样的小型会话技巧，导致人们得出的结论不是关于会话风格，而是关于个性和能力。)”可知，短暂的停顿和快速的节奏会导致交流中断，故选A。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Althoughbackhomeshewasconsideredoutgoingandconfident,inWashingtonshewasviewedasshyandretiring.Whenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.(虽然在国内她被认为是外向和自信的，但在华盛顿她被认为是害羞和退隐的。当她在年底接受评估时，她被告知参加一个培训课程，因为她不能大声说话。)”和最后一段中“Theresultinthiscasewasajudgmentofpsychologicalproblems—eveninthemindofthewomanherself,whoreallywonderedwhatwaswrongwithherandregisteredforassertivenesstraining.(这个案例的结果是对心理问题的判断——即使是在这个女人自己的心里，她真的想知道自己出了什么问题，并登记参加了assertiveness训练。)”可知，案例中的主人在华盛顿她被认为是害羞和退隐的，因为她不能大声说话，所以她被告知参加一个培训课程，由此可推知，该培训是训练她自信大声且迅速来表达自己的，划线单词assertiveness与D项“自信地迅速表达自己的想法”意思一样，故选D。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thegeneralphenomenon,then,isthatthesmallconversationtechniques,likepacingandpausing,leadpeopletodrawconclusionsnotaboutconversationalstylebutaboutpersonalityandabilities.(那么，一般的现象是，像节奏和停顿这样的小型会话技巧，导致人们得出的结论不是关于会话风格，而是关于个性和能力。)”可知，B项正确；根据第二段中“Conversationisaturn-takinggame.(谈话是轮流进行的游戏。)”可知，C项正确；根据最后一段中“That’swhyslightdifferencesinconversationalstyle—tinylittlethingslikemicrosecondsofpause-canhaveagreateffectonone’slife.(这就是为什么谈话风格上的细微差别——比如几微秒的停顿——可以对一个人的生活产生重大影响。)”可知，D项正确；文中只有第三段中“ButBettyherselfbecameaninterrupterandfoundherselfdoingmostofthetalkingwhenshemetavisitorfromFinland.AndSarahadahardtimecuttinginonsomespeakersfromLatinAmericaorIsrael.(但是贝蒂自己成为了一个打断者，当她遇到一位来自芬兰的访客时，她发现自己主要是在说话。萨拉很难打断一些来自拉丁美洲或以色列的演讲者。)”提到芬兰人，可知，作为英国人的贝蒂一直在说话，这并不能说明芬兰人在说话时停顿的时间较短，A项“来自芬兰的人往往比来自英国的人停顿的时间短。”不符合原文意思，表达不正确，故选A。

第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。BeAResponsibleCamperBeingaresponsiblecamperisaboutmorethanjustrespectingyourneighborsandobservingtheboundariessetbycampsites.____16____Pleasekeepsustainablecampingguidelinesinmindwhileplanningatripintothegreatoutdoors.Leavenotrace.____17____Followtheprinciples:“takeonlypictures,leaveonlyfootprints“.Most“leavenotrace”principlesfocusonreducingourimpactonthenaturalenvironment.Followingthesamerulesforhikingandotheroutdoorrecreationalactivitiesisoneofthebestwaystoshowyourrespectforanaturaldestination.____18____Harmfulsunscreenchemicalscannegativelyaffectdrylandaswell.Theycanpollutebodiesofwaterandmaytakemanyyearstobreakdowninthenaturalenvironment,sobemindfulofwhatyouputonyourbodiesbeforejumpingintothatlake.Asaruleofthumb,alwaysstayatleast200feetawayfromanywatersourcewhileusingsoaportoothpaste.Respectthewildlife.Ifyou’recampinginapopularareawithplentyofpeoplearound,it’seasytoforgetthatyou’reactuallysharingspacewithwildanimalhabitats.Animalsthatgettoousedtohumanscangetreliant,whichdisruptsthenaturalbalanceofthingswithintheirecosystems.Sometimes,toomuchinteractionwithpeoplecanmakeanimalsmoreaggressiveorleadtomorehuman-wildlifeconflicts.Trytokeepallofyourfoodoutofreachfromwildlife.____19____Practicefiresafety.WhilethisisespeciallyrelevantonthewestcoastoftheUnitedStates,wherewildfireseasonismostthreatening,firesafetyshouldalwaysbeatopprioritywhilecamping.____20____Inareasknownforhavinggreaterfiredanger,itpaystohaveashovelorabucketofwaterhandytotakecareofanyrunawayflames.A.Keepwaterwaysclean.B.Aimforzerowaste.C.Onlybuildfiresindesignatedfirepitsorrings.D.Andmostimportantly,remembernevertofeedwildanimals.E.Takingyourcampsiteoffthebeatenpathmaysoundadventurous.F.It’sabouthavingthelowestimpactpossibleonthesurroundingenvironment.G.Alwaysleaveyourcampsitethesame(orbetter)thanyoufoundit.【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.D20.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍露营时要注意的事项。【16题详解】根据上文“Beingaresponsiblecamperisaboutmorethanjustrespectingyourneighborsandobservingtheboundariessetbycampsites.(作为一个负责任的露营者，不仅仅是尊重你的邻居，遵守露营地设定的界限)”推知，空处提出露营时还要注意什么。选项F“这是关于尽可能减少对周围环境的影响”和上文意思一致。故选F。【17题详解】根据上文“Leavenotrace.(不留痕迹)”可知，这一段建议人们不要再离开时留下垃圾之类对环境有影响的东西。选项G“离开你的露营地时，一定要和你发现的一样（或更好）”和上文意思一致。故选G。【18题详解】根据下文“Harmfulsunscreenchemicalscannegativelyaffectdrylandaswell.Theycanpollutebodiesofwaterandmaytakemanyyearstobreakdowninthenaturalenvironment,sobemindfulofwhatyouputonyourbodiesbeforejumpingintothatlake.(有害的防晒化学物质也会对旱地产生负面影响。它们会污染水体，可能需要很多年才能在自然环境中分解，所以在跳进湖中之前，要注意你身上穿了什么)”可知，这一段提出要保护水资源的建议。选项A“保持水道清洁”和下文意思一致，可以作为主旨句。故选A。【19题详解】空处位于段末，应承接上文根据上文“Trytokeepallofyourfoodoutofreachfromwildlife.(尽量把你所有的食物都放在野生动物够不到的地方)”可知，空处指出不要喂野生动物。选项D“最重要的是，记住永远不要喂野生动物。”和上文意思一致。故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Practicefiresafety.WhilethisisespeciallyrelevantonthewestcoastoftheUnitedStates,wherewildfireseasonismostthreatening,firesafetyshouldalwaysbeatopprioritywhilecamping.(练习消防安全。虽然这在野火季节最具威胁的美国西海岸尤为重要，但露营时消防安全应始终是首要任务)”可知，这一段提出对使用火的建议。选项C“只能在指定的火坑或火圈内生火”符合语境。故选C。第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)Since1960,considerablescientificresearcheshavebeendoneonchimpsintheirnaturalhabitats.Astonishingly,scientistshavefoundoutthatthesocial____21____ofChimpsareverysimilartohumans.Chimpswill____22____incertainways,likegatheringtogethertoprotecttheirland.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)to____23____oneanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularly____24____tosharefoodwiththeirchildren.Whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood?Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’t____25____sharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpull____26____-hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,____27____,areextremelycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydecidetohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthis____28____inaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeaworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandshar