2023年高一暑假话题阅读天天练：动物（含解析）

第第页2023年高一暑假话题阅读天天练：动物（含解析）2023年高一暑假话题阅读天天练：动物

（共5题）

一、阅读理解题（共5题）

ScientistshavediscoveredanastonishingnumberofAntarcticbluewhalesinthewatersoffthecoastofSouthGeorgia,anislandintheSouthAtlanticOcean,suggestingdecadesofconservationeffortsarepayingoff.

Duringa23-daysurvey,ateamofresearchersfromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)counted55animals.Dr.TrevorBranch,ascientistfromtheUniversityofWashington,whospecializesinstudyingbluewhales,saidthenumberwastrulyamazing.

Inthelastcentury,Antarcticbluewhaleswerenearlyhuntedtoextinctionfortheirblubber,athicklayeroffatthatmarineanimalshaveundertheirskintokeeptheirbodieswarm.Huntersusedtheblubberforoiltouseinproductslikesoaporfuelforoillamps.AroundSouthAustralia,morethan33,000Walesarebelievedtohavebeenkilled.Ahuntingbanwasintroducedin1966,butbythattimethewhaleswerecriticallyendangered.In2023therewerereportedtobeonlyaround3,000Antarcticbluewhalesleft.

ThesesightingsbytheBASteam,helpedbyscientistsfromtheUniversityofAucklandinNewZealand,areapositivesignthatthepopulationisincreasing.

"Inaperiodof40or50years,IonlyhadrecordsfortwosightingsofbluewhalesaroundSouthGeorgia,"Dr.Branchtoldthereporter."Sotogofrombasicallynothingto55inoneyearisastonishing."ThecoldwateraroundSouthGeorgiahasalwaysbeenpopularwithwhalesbecauseitiscrowdedwithkrill,tinyshrimp-likecreaturesthatarethewhales'favoritefood.

Thehighcountwassounusualthatotherscientistswonderedwhetheritwasaone-off,perhapscausedbyusuallyhighnumberofkrilltemporarilyattractingwhalesfromotherareas.However,Dr.JenniferJacksonfromBASsaysthequantityofkrillwasnodifferentfromotheryears.She'sconfidentthepopulationgrowthshownintherecordingsisrealanddowntotheprotectionthatthewhalesnowhave.Thisremainstobeseen,butitishighlysuggestedthatwhenthenextassessmentisreleased,mostlikelyattheendof2023,itcouldshowafurtherincreaseinthenumberofantarcticbluewhales.Withthecomebackofthewhale,thiscouldbeaninspirationforenvironmentalcampaignsthatstillhaveprogresstomake.

(1)Para.3ismainlyabout_____.

A．theeffectofthehuntingban

B．theeffortstosavebluewhales

C．theimportanceofbluewhales

D．thedangerthatbluewhalesfaced

(2)Whatcanweinferaboutthebluewhalesfromthepassage

A．Theywillnotbeendangeredinthenearfuture.

B．Thenumberofthemrisesbecausetheirfoodincreases.

C．Moreconservationactivitieswillbeheldtoprotectthem.

D．ThecoastofSouthGeorgiaofferedthemsuitabletemperature.

(3)Asforotherscientistsopiniononthehighcount,Dr.JenniferJacksonis_____.

A．supportiveB．disapprovingC．fearfulD．uncertain

(4)Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage

A．AnAmazingSecretofBlueWhales

B．BlueWhalesMakesSurpriseComeback

C．TheBestWaytoProtectBlueWhales

D．BlueWhalessetNewtrendsinConservation

Friendshipisanimportantpartofhumanlife.Friendscanshareourjoysandourhardships.Wearen'talone.Manydifferentanimalsalsomakefriends.

Recently,aBritishresearchteamfinishedaneight-yearstudyofIndo-PacificdolphinsoffthecoastofWesternAustralia.Thesedolphinscanusedifferenttoolstosearchforfood.Theresearchersfoundthatthesedolphinsaremorewillingtohangoutwithpartnersthatlikethesametool.Otherfactors,likefamilyclosenessorsex,havenoimpactonthisrelationship.

"Itsuggeststhatdolphinsformsocialbonds(纽带)basedonsharedinterests,"UKbiologistSimonAllentoldScienceDaily."Usingdifferenttoolsistime-consuming(耗时间的)"fordolphinstocooperate.

Apartfromdolphins,elephants,horsesandbatsarealsoknowntoformfriendships.Arefriendshipsonlylimitedtothesamespecies

Ofcoursenot,TheAtlanticreported.In2023,agoatTimurwasoriginallyleftinthetigerAmur'senclosure(围场)asameal.ButinsteadofeatingTimur,Amurlikestoplaywithitandgetsjealouswhenothersareclosetohisfriend.

TheAtlanticsaidit'snotunusualamongcaptive(圈禁的)animals.That'sbecauseincaptivity,animalsdon'tneedtospendmuchtimeandenergymarkingtheirterritory(领地)orlookingformatesthewaytheywouldinthewild.Theyareactuallymorelikelytofeelbored."Inthisparticularsituation,theanimal'smotivationtoengage(参与)sociallyandplayfullymaybehigherthaneating."

Moreinterestingly,animalsnotonlymakefriendsbutalsotrytokeeplastingfriendships.Takebatsforexample.In2023,scientistsfoundbatsprefertohangoutwithafewcertainfriends,keepingloosetiestotherestoftheirgroup.

Humansaren'tsodifferent."Wedonotwork,playandlivetogetherwiththesamefriendsallthetime,"SwisszoologistGeraldKerthexplained."Butnevertheless,weareabletomaintainlong-termrelationships...despiteouroftenhighlydynamic(动态的)sociallives."

(1)WhatdidtherecentBritishresearchfindaboutdolphins

A．Theyformfriendshipsbasedonfamilycloseness.

B．Theyarelikelytomakefriendsbasedoninterests.

C．Theyarebetteratbuildingfriendshipsthanotheranimals.

D．Theyformagrouptohuntfoodtogether.

(2)What'sthemainpurposeofParagraph6

A．Toshowhowdifferentspeciesgetalongwitheachother.

B．Toprovecaptiveanimalsarefriendlierthanothers.

C．Toexplainwhycaptiveanimalscanformfriendships.

D．Tocomparethedifferencebetweenatigerandagoat'sfriendship.

(3)WhatcanweinferfromGeraldKerth'swords

A．Animalsliketohangoutwithdifferentfriends.

B．Animalsmightfeelboredwithfriendsofthesamespecies.

C．Humansarebetteratkeepinglong-termbondsthananimals.

D．Humansandanimalsmakefriendsandmaintainfriendshipsinsimilarways.

(4)What'sthetextmainlyabout

A．Howtobuildstrongtieswithyourfriends.

B．Howanimalsformandkeepfriendship.

C．Theimportanceoffriendshipforanimals.

D．Thedifferentwayshumansandanimalssocialize.

MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshavebeenkilledbywildcats.Thesepredator(扑食者),whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennativewildlife—andaretooplentifulonthemainlandtoeliminate,ashasbeenachievedonsomesmallislandswhichwerepreviouslyfilledwiththem.ButAlexandraRossoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesthinksshehascomeupwithadifferentwaytodealwiththeproblem.AsshewritesinapaperintheJournalofAppliedEcology,sheisgivingfeline(猫科的)—awarenesslessonstowildanimalsinvolvedinherintroductionprograms,inordertotrytomakethemcat-conscious.

ManyAustralianmammalsthoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcat-freehabitat.Thiswill,however,puttheforcedmigrantsbackinthesightsofthecatsthatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Trainingthemigrantswhiletheyareincaptivity,usingstuffedmodelsandthesortsofsoundsmadebycats,hasprovedexpensiveandineffective.MsRossthereforewonderedwhetherputtingtheminlargenaturalenclosureswithascatteringofpredatorsmightserveasaformoftrainingcamptopreparethemforintroductionintotheirnew,cat-riddenhomes.

Shetestedthisideaonatypeofbandicoot(袋狸)thatsuperficiallyresemblesarabbit.Sheandhercolleaguesraisedtwohundredbandicootsinahugeenclosurethatalsocontainedfivewildcats.Asacontrol,sheraisedanearlyidenticalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.Sheleftanimalstogetonwithlifefortwoyears,which,giventhatbandicootsbreedfourtimesayearandliveforaroundeightyears,wasaconsiderableperiodforthem.Aftersomepredation((扑食)andprobablysomelearning,sheabstracted21bandicootfromeachenclosureattachedradiotransmitterstothemandreleasedthemintoathirdenclosurethathadtenhungrycatsinit.Shethenmonitoredwhathappenednext.TheoutcomewasthatthetrainingworkedOverthesubsequent40daystenoftheuntrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.Oneparticularbehavioraldifferenceshenoticedwasthatbandicootsbroughtupinapredator-freeenvironmentweremuchmorelikelytosleepalonethanwerethosebroughtuparoundcats.Andwhenarearound,sleepingaloneisdangerous.Howwellbandicootsthathaveundergonethisextremetrainingwillsurviveinthewildremainstobeseen.ButMsRosshasatleastprovreasonforhope.

(1)Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraph

A．Thefeline-awarenesslessonshaveprovedineffective.

B．TherearetoomanywildcatstobekilledinAustralia.

C．Differentwayshavebeentriedtohuntandkillwildlife.

D．Nativewildlifehasbeenthreatenedbygrowingpopulation.

(2)Theforcedmigrantsinthesecondparagraphreferto_____.

A．Australianmammalsrestrictedtocertainareas

B．Thewildcatstrackingdownthemammals

C．Wildanimalsinvolvedintheprogram

D．Thepredatorscapturedbytheanimaltrainers

(3)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthefirsttwoenclosures

A．Theywerebothcloselymonitored.

B．Theyhad200bandicootsintotal.

C．Theyhadsimilarnaturalenvironment.

D．Theybothhadwildcatsinthem.

(4)WhatwasthefindingofMsRossresearchproject

A．Untrainedbandicootsfailedtoidentifycats.

B．Trainingbandicootspreparedthemtofightcats.

C．Sleepingaloneinthewildwasdangerous.

D．Bandicootscouldbetrainedtoavoidpredators.

InSeptembersomethingterriblehappenedonthewestcoastofTasmania,Australia.Asmanyas380pilotwhalesbecamestranded(搁浅)inshallowwaterthereandlaterdied.ThismighthavebeenAustralia'slargeststrandingeventonrecord,theBBCreported.

Butthislargeamountofwhalestrandingisnotuncommon.Forcenturies,ithashappenedallovertheworldandhaspuzzledscientists.Scientistssaythecauseisoftenunknown.Buttheyhaveofferedmanydifferentexplanations.

Somesaythewhaleschasesmallfishforfoodandendupinshallowwaterbecausetheyarenotpayingattentiontowheretheyaregoing.

OthersthinkthestrandinghassomethingtodowithEarth'sgeomagneticfield(地磁场).Theysaythatageomagneticcompassinwhales’brainscontrolstheirposition.UnusualchangesinEarth'smagneticfieldcanaffectthewhales'compassesandsendtheminthewrongdirection.

Anotherexplanationsuggeststhatstrandingiscausedbythecloserelationshipsthatwhaleshave.Pilotwhalestravelinlargegroups.Oneleadwhalemightmistakenlyleadthewholegrouptoshallowwater."Andifonegetsintotrouble,theotherswillnotleave,"saidSherylGibney,aleadingbiologistfromNewZealand.“Somewillcomeinandtrytohelp,theygettrappedonthebeach,thenmorewillcome."

Thewhalesaretrappedbymistakeoroutofsympathy(同情).Oncetheygetstranded,theywilllikelydie.AccordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationoftheUS,lessthan10percentofallstrandedwhalessurvive.

(1)WhatdoweknowaboutthestrandinginAustralia

A．IthappenedontheeastcoastofAustralia.

B．Itcausedthedeathofover300pilotwhales.

C．ItiscommonlyseeninSeptembereachyear.

D．Itwasthelargeststrandingeventintheworld.

(2)AccordingtoGibney,thepilotwhalesaretheanimalsthat_____.

A．arekindtoeachother

B．areeasytolosedirection

C．aretoohugetofloatinthesea

D．aresillytofollowtheleadingwhale

(3)Whatisthestorymainlyabout

A．Howhumanactivityhasaffectedwhales.

B．Whatmightcausewhalestrandings.

C．Howwhalesfindtheirdirectionwhiletraveling.

D．Whatscientistsaredoingtosavestrandedwhales.

PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).

PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:"Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday."

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.

AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa"criticallyendangered"status.

(1)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme

A．Costly.B．Controversial.C．Ambitious.D．Successful.

(2)WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino

A．Shelovesstayingwithhermother.

B．Shedislikesoutdooractivities.

C．Sheisingoodcondition.

D．Sheissensitivetoheat.

(3)WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave

A．TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.

B．Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces

C．Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.

D．Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.

(4)WhatcanbeinferredaboutPaulLympneReserve

A．Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.

B．Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C．ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.

D．Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.

答案

一、阅读理解题（共5题）

1.【答案】

(1)D

(2)C

(3)B

(4)B

【解析】

(1)本文讲述科学家在南大西洋的南乔治亚岛附近海域发现数量惊人的南极蓝鲸，这表明数十年的保护努力正在取得成效。

主旨大意题。根据第三段中Inthelastcentury,Antarcticbluewhaleswerenearlyhuntedtoextinctionfortheirblubber…在上个世纪，南极蓝鲸因其鲸脂而几近灭绝。后文用具体例子和数字来证明这一观点，所以本段主要讲述蓝鲸面临的危险。

(2)推理判断题。根据最后一段中Withthecomebackofthewhale,thiscouldbeaninspirationforenvironmentalcampaignsthatstillhaveprogresstomake.随着鲸鱼数量的回归，这可能激励环保运动仍有进步空间。可知，我们将开展更多的保护活动来保护它们。

(3)推理判断题。根据最后一段中However,Dr.JenniferJacksonfromBASsaysthequantityofkrillwasnodifferentfromotheryears.BAS的詹妮弗杰克逊博士说，磷虾的数量与往年没有什么不同。可知，她对如此高的数量的态度是不赞成的。

(4)最佳标题题。根据第一段…anastonishingnumberofAntarcticbluewhalesinthewatersoffthecoastofSouthGeorgia…讲述科学家在南大西洋的南乔治亚岛附近海域发现数量惊人的南极蓝鲸，这表明数十年的保护努力正在取得成效。且后文围绕这一话题展开，可知，B：蓝鲸的数量出人意料地回归。最能概况本文主旨。

2.【答案】

(1)B

(2)C

(3)D

(4)B

3.【答案】

(1)B

(2)A

(3)C

(4)D

【解析】

(1)这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了二十多种澳大利亚哺乳动物已经被野猫灭绝了，并且，野猫还在威胁着当地哺乳动物的生命。南威尔士大学的亚历山德拉·罗斯经过试验发现，哺乳动物可以被训练来躲避捕食者。

细节理解题。根据第一段“MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshavebeenkilledbywildcats.Thesepredator,whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennativewildlife.(超过二十种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死。这些捕食者是随欧洲殖民者抵达的，它们仍然威胁着当地的野生动物)”可知，超过二十种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死，并且这些捕食者仍然威胁着当地的野生动物。因此，从第一段可以了解到在澳大利亚，野猫杀之不尽。故选B项。

(2)词义猜测题。根据第二段“ManyAustralianmammals,thoughnotactuallyextinct.,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcat-freehabitat.(很多澳大利亚哺乳动物，虽然并没有灭绝，却被限制在没有猫的栖息地内)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是“但这将使这些被迫移民者回到猫科动物的视野中，这是问题产生的根源”，其中“forcedmigrants”指的是限于某些地区的澳大利亚哺乳动物。故选A项。

(3)细节理解题。根据第三段“Asacontrol,sheraisedanearlyidenticalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.(作为对照，她在一个类似的围场里饲养了几乎相同数量的兔耳袋狸，但里边没有野猫)”可知，作为对照，第二个围栏和第一个围栏有相似的自然环境，只是里面没有野猫。因此，前两个围栏有相似的自然环境。故选C项。

(4)细节理解题。根据第三段“Theoutcomewasthatthetrainingworked.Overthesubsequent40daystenoftheuntrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.(结果是训练奏效了。在随后的40天里，十只未经培训的动物被猫吃掉了，而经过培训的动物只有四只被猫吃掉)”可知，实验发现，与没有经过训练的袋狸鼠比起来，训练过的袋狸鼠更能够躲避被夜猫吃掉，即袋狸数可以被训练避开捕食者。故选D项。

4.【答案】

(1)B

(2)A

(3)B

【解析】

(1)这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在澳大利亚一起多达380头领航鲸搁浅的事件，以及人们对于大规模鲸鱼搁浅给出不同的解释。

细节理解题。根据第一段中“Asmanya