高考英语一轮复习Unit14Careers北师大必修5

PAGEPAGE2Unit14Careerseq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.单词—在语境中默写，在联想中积累)[写得准][用得活][积得多]conference.辨一辨名词动词reward报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：rewardsb.for(doing)sth.award奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：awardsb.sth.＝awardsth.tosb.2．chargevt.收费，要价；指控；充电n.负责；费用[高考佳句]Thirdly,Iwonderhowmuchyouwillchargeusforthesix­weekcourse.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)第三，我想知道六周的课程你会收取我们多少钱。(1)inchargeof 主管……，掌管/管理……in/underthechargeofsb. 在某人掌管之下，由某人负责takechargeof 管理，负责(2)chargesb.moneyforsth. 向某人索取……的费用freeofcharge＝forfree 免费(3)chargesb.with... 指控某人……①Thetrafficpolicemanchargedthedriverwithspeeding.交警指控那个司机超速驾驶。②Withtheticket,youmaygetaFrenchfriesfree_of_charge/for_freeinKFC.凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。③I'llbeinchargeofthewholefactorywhenMrBlackisaway.＝Thewholefactorywillbein_the_charge_ofmewhenMrBlackisaway.布莱克先生不在时，由我负责整个工厂。[熟词生义]读句子猜含义④Theshavercanbechargedandusedwhiletravelling.充电3．consultvt.请教；查阅[高考佳句]Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourhealth,you'dbetterconsultyourdoctoratonce.(2015·天津高考单选)你如果对自己的健康有任何疑问，最好马上咨询你的医生。(1)consultsb.aboutsth. 向某人请教/咨询某事consultwithsb.aboutsth. 与某人商量某事consultadictionary/map 查字典/地图consultwithsb.about/onsth. 就某事与某人交换意见(2)consultantn. 顾问①Beforevisitingastrangecountry,ifyoudon'twanttogetintotroubleyou'dbetterconsultthosepeoplewhowenttherebeforeaboutthecustomsthere.在参观一个陌生的国家以前，如果你不想陷入麻烦，最好向以前去过那儿的人咨询一下那儿的风俗习惯。②Whenindoubtaboutthemeaningofaword,consult/refer_to/turn_to_a_dictionary.当拿不准一个词的词义时，查查词典。③Heconsulted_with_his_partners_about/ontheinvestment.他与合伙人就那项投资交换了意见。[形象记忆]4．commitvt.投入；使承诺；犯(错误，罪行等)[教材原句]IdiscoveredthenthataslongasIamcommittedandnevergiveupIwillbeabletoproducehighqualityreports.那时我发现，只要我具有献身精神，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。(1)commitsb.to(doing)sth. 使某人承诺(做)某事commitoneselfto(doing)sth. 答应(做)某事commitsth.tosth. 调拨，拨出……供使用commitsuicide/acrime/amurder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀(2)commitmentn. 承诺；保证；承担义务makeacommitment 作出承诺①Thecontractcommitshimtoplaying(play)fortheteamforthenextthreeyears.合约规定以后3年他要为该队效力。②Thelocalgovernmenthas_committed_large_amounts_of_money_tohousingprojects.当地政府已在住宅项目上投入了大量资金。③IfeltIdidnothavetomake_such_a_commitmenttothem.我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。5．hesitatev．犹豫，踌躇，不愿意，有顾虑[高考佳句]IfthereissomethingelseIcandoforyou,pleasedon'thesitatetocontactme.(2015·天津高考书面表达)如果我还能为你做点什么，请马上与我联系。(1)hesitatetodosth.＝hesitateabout/in/at/over(doing)sth. 对(做)某事犹豫不决(2)hesitationn. 踌躇，犹豫withouthesitation 毫不犹豫地havenohesitationindoingsth. 毫不犹豫地做某事①Intheeventofdifficulties,pleasedonothesitateto_contact(contact)ourCustomerServiceDepartment.如果遇到困难，请尽快和我们的客户服务部联系。②Ihesitateabout/in/at/overtakinghissideuntilIknowthewholestory.我在知道整件事以前犹豫是否支持他。③Wehave_no_hesitation_in_acceptingyourmostgenerousoffer.我们毫不犹豫地接受你最慷慨的捐赠。6．decreasev．&n.减少，降低[教材原句]Jobsinfarming,coalminingandheavyindustryaredecreasingrapidly.农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位正迅速减少。(1)decreasein... 在……方面降低/减少decreaseto... 减少到……decreaseby... 减少了……(2)adecreasein... 在……方面减少onthedecrease 在减少①AftertheconflictresolutionprogramwasstartedinAtlanta,itwasfoundthattherewasadecreaseinclassroomviolence.冲突解决程序在亚特兰大开始运行后，(人们)发现教室暴力有所下降。②Inourschoolthenumberofstudentswhoareaddictedtocomputergamesison_the_decrease.在我们学校迷恋网络游戏的学生数目正在下降。③Thenumberofteachingstaffmembersinthisschoolhas_decreased_to700persons.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。[联想发散]像decreaseto/by...表示“减少到/减少了……”类似用法的动词还有：increase,reduce,decline,drop等。7．operatevi.运转；运作；做手术，起作用vt.操作；经营[教材原句]Similarly,companieswilloperateindifferentways.类似地，公司也会以多种形式运营。(1)operateonsb./sth. 给……动手术(2)operationn. 运作；经营；手术bring/put...intooperation 使……运转；实施es/goesintooperation 实施，生效；开始运行inoperation 在运行中，起作用performanoperation 做手术①Shewasveryanxiouswhileherhusbandwasbeingoperatedon.当她丈夫正在接受手术治疗时，她焦虑万分。②Whenthemachineisin_operation,_keepawayfromit.机器运转时，请勿靠近。③Wemustbring/put_the_plan_into_operationassoonaspossible.我们必须尽快让计划实施。[形象记忆][名师指津]operate可单独使用，用主动形式表示被动意义，这时其后常跟副词well,properly等。8．respondvi.反应；回复，回答[教材原句]Manymorepeoplewillworkforsmall,dynamiccompanieswhichcanrespondquicklytochangesinthemarket.很多人将在那些充满活力的小公司里工作，因为这些公司能够对市场的变化迅速地作出反应。(1)respondto 回答……，对……作出反应respondthat 回应称(2)responsen. 回答；反应；响应makea/noresponseto... 对……给予/没有回答inresponseto 作为对……的反应①Receivingatextdoesnotmeanyouneedtorespondtoit.接收到一条信息并不意味着你需要回复。②In_response_tothefeaturesabove,thefollowingmeasureshavebeentakeninsystemdesign.针对上述特点，在系统的设计上已采取以下措施。③Thefamousfilmstarmade_no_responsetothequestionsaskedbyreporters.那位知名影星没有对记者的提问给予回答。9．bothervt.烦扰，打扰，使恼怒，使不安vi.烦恼，担心，麻烦，费心n.麻烦；令人烦恼的事或人[高考佳句]I'msorrytobotheryou,butcouldyoudirectmetothestation？(2014·湖北高考短文写作)对不起打扰你了，你能告诉我去车站的路吗？(1)bothersb.with/aboutsth. 因某事麻烦某人botheraboutsth. 为某事费心，为某事烦恼bothertodo/doingsth. 费心做某事Itbothers/botheredsb.that... 使某人烦恼/担心的是……(2)putsb.toanybother 给某人添乱whybother 没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦①Mostofthepapersdidn'tevenbotherreporting/to_report(report)it.大多数报纸甚至懒得去报道这件事。②It_bothers_Tom_thathecan'tfindajobthathereallylikes.使汤姆烦恼的是，他不能找到一份他真正喜欢的工作。③Idon'twanttoput_him_to_any_bother,_soItrydoingitbymyself.我不想给他添乱，所以我试着靠自己做这件事。[名师指津]bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物”“讨厌的人”讲时，是单数可数名词。eq\a\vs4\al([单词集成训练])Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/完成句子)1．Wehadnohesitationinhelping(help)thepeopleinTianjinwhentheexplosionaccidenthappened.2．Inresponse(respond)tocomplaints,thecompanyrevieweditssafetyprocedures.3．Protectiveclothingmustbewornwhenthemachineisinoperation.4．Iwouldadvisepeopletothinkverycarefullyaboutcommittingthemselvestoworking(work)onSundays.5．Afterconsultingthedoctoraboutherdisease,sheknewitwasn'tseriousandfeltmuchrelaxed.6．Whetherthefactorywillbeinthechargeofmeornot,Iwillresign.7．Don't_bother_your_deskmate_about/with(不要麻烦你的同桌)themathproblem.Trytoworkitoutbyyourself.8．Icanhardlyimaginesheshouldkillherfriendout_of_envy(出于嫉妒)．9．Hequarreled_with_his_best_friend(和他最好的朋友争吵)abouttheissueyesterday,buttheyhavemadeuptoday.10．Noonecantellexactlywhentheworldcame_into_existence(开始存在).Ⅱ.重难点多练1．decrease万花筒介、副词填空①Thetrafficaccidentsinthecitydecreasedby20%lastmonth.②Themembersoftheassociationhavedecreasedtothreehundred.③Thespeciesofplantsisdecreasinginnumbereveryyear.④Afewyearsagoitwasanendangeredspecies,butnowthepopulationisontheincrease.2．reward面面观(1)选词填空(reward/award)①MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureforwriting.Inhissparetime,heisalwaysreadytohelpyoungwriters.Howcanwerewardhiskindness?(2)一句多译②那位老教授因对国家的贡献而获得光荣称号。②—1The_old_professor_received_a_title_as_a_reward_for_his_contributions_to_the_nation.(rewardn．)②—2The_old_professor_received_a_title_in_reward_for_his_contributions_to_the_nation.(rewardn．)②—3The_old_professor_was_rewarded_with_a_title_for_his_contributions_to_the_nation.(rewardv．)Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练1．根据语境选出charge的词性和词义(A)n.收费，要价(B)n.控告，指控(C)n.主管，掌管(D)v.收费，要价(E)v.控告，指控(F)v.充电①Shetakeschargeoftheday­to­dayrunningofthecompany. __C__②Wehavetomakeasmallchargeforrefreshments(饮料). __A__③Severalpeoplewerearrestedbutnobodywascharged. __E__④HewillbesentbacktoEnglandtofaceachargeofarmedrobbery. __B__⑤Doyouthinkthemuseumsshouldchargeforadmission? __D__⑥Beforeuse,thebatterymustbecharged. __F__2．根据语境选出operate的词性和词义(A)vt.操作(B)vi.起作用(C)vi.运转(D)vt.经营(E)vi.动手术①Theyoperatethreefactoriesandahugewarehouse. __D__②Whensearchingforsomeinformation,wecanoperateitbytouchingthescreen.__A__③Asweallknow,solarpanelscanonlyoperateinsunlight. __B__④Thedoctorsoperatedonherstomachlastnight. __E__⑤Theworkershavethemachineoperatingdayandnight. __C__eq\a\vs4\al(第二板块\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(,,,,))短语句型归纳集释)1．makeup占，形成，构成；弥补；编造；整理；化妆；和好；组成[经典例句]Hemadeupsomeexcuseabouthisdaughterbeingsick.(牛津P1056)他编了个借口，说他的女儿病倒了。[一词多义]写出下列句中makeup的含义①Nothingcanmakeupforwhattheyhavesuffered. 弥补②Theyquarrelledtheotherdaybuttheymadeupsoon. 和好③Leavethisnoticehangingonyourdoor,askingtheservanttomakeupyourroom. 整理④Idon'tliketoseewomenmakingupinpublic. 化妆⑤Farmworkersmakeuponlyasmallsectionofthepopulation. 占，构成makeout (费力)理解；假装；辨认出；看清楚makeit 取得成功；准时到达；做到了bemadeupof 由……组成makefor 移向；走向，促成；有利于makeupfor 弥补，补偿⑥They'lldoalltheycantomake_up_fortheeconomiclosses.他们要尽一切力量弥补这些经济损失。⑦Theflightleavesintwentyminutes—we'llnevermake_it.航班二十分钟后离开，我们赶不上了。[联想发散]bemadeupof表示“由……组成/构成”，其同义短语还有：consistof,becomposedof等。2．payoff得到好结果；取得成功；还清，偿清；(付清工资后)解雇[经典例句]Wepaidoffourmortgageafterfifteenyears.(牛津P1461)我们历经十五年的时间还清了抵押借款。[一词多义]写出下列句中payoff的含义①Itwouldtakehimtherestofhislifetopayoffthatloan. 偿清，还清②Atlast,hisyearsofhardworkpaidoffandhewasadmittedintoBeijing 得到好结果③Thebosspaidofftheemployeeduetohisbadmangement. (付清工资后)解雇payback 偿还；报复payfor 付……的钱；遭受惩罚payup (把应付的钱)付清payavisitto 参观……；看望……④Unlessyoupay_up,_they'llcutoffyourgassupply.你要再不支付拖欠的煤气费，他们就要停止你的煤气供应。⑤I'llcertainlypay_you_backforwhatyoudidtome!你那样对待我，我一定会回敬你！⑥Ifyoudon'tworkhardnow,you'llpay_foritlaterwhenyoufailyourexams.如果你现在不努力学习，到考试不及格时就得为此付出代价。[名师指津]payoff当“(努力、辛苦)取得好结果，得到回报”讲时，为不及物动词短语，在句中用主动语态。3．incase以防万一；万一；假如[教材原句]Workwithmorethanoneprogramincaseyouhavetousethematwork,andtrytoreadaboutnewtechnology.学习几种软件以备工作之需，并努力了解新的技术。incaseof... 假使……，在……情况下inanycase 无论如何innocase 绝不，在任何情况下都不inthis/thatcase 如果是这样/那样inthecaseof... 就……而言asisoftenthecase 这是常有的事①Pleaseleaveyourphonenumberin_casewelosetouchin_case_ofemergency.请留下你的电话号码，以防有紧急情况发生时我们失去联系。②Innocaseshould_the_patientbeallowedtogetupuntilhehasrecoveredfromhisillness.病人要痊愈后才能起床。③Hastemakeswaste,as_is_often_the_case.欲速则不达，这是很常见的现象。[名师指津](1)incase后跟状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，有时可用“should＋动词原形”。而incaseof后跟名词，不跟从句。(2)innocase位于句首时，句子部分倒装。4．Betweennowandthe21stcentury,citizensoftheworld'srichestandmostadvancednationswillfind_it_more_and_more_difficult_to_keepupwiththedemandforchange.在现在和21世纪的这段时期，这个世界上最富裕和最先进的国家的公民将会发现赶上变化的需求越来越难了。(1)句中使用了“find＋it＋adj.＋todosth.”结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语“tokeepupwiththedemandforchange”，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。①Infact,Istillfind_it_hard_to_makegoodfriendswithher.事实上，我发现还是很难跟她成为好朋友。(2)能用it作形式宾语的常见动词有：think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等。②Idon'tfeel_it_difficult_to_understandtheVOASpecialEnglishprogram.我觉得理解美国之音慢速英语节目并不难。(3)it作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句。③Hemakesitaruleneverto_borrowmoney.他立志决不向别人借钱。④Georgemadeitclearwhathewanted.乔治说得很明白他要什么。5．Idiscoveredthenthatas_long_asIamcommittedandnevergiveupIwillbeabletoproducehighqualityreports.那时我发现，只要我具有献身精神，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。(1)aslongas/solongas“只要”，引导条件状语从句。①Youcan'tturntheheatoffas_long_asthesystemison.只要系统开着，你就不能中断供暖。②Youmayborrowthisbookas/so_long_as_you_promise_to_give_it_back.只要你答应归还，你就可以把这本书借走。(2)引导条件状语从句的其他连词有：unless,incase,onconditionthat,provided/providing(that),suppose/supposing(that),assume/assuming(that),(only)if,given(that)等。③Icantellyouthetruthon_condition_thatyoupromisetokeepitasecret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你承诺会保守秘密。④Suppose/Supposing(suppose)thatyouwereamanagerofacompany,whichcollegestudentdoyouwanttohire?假设你是一个公司的经理，你想雇用哪一个大学生呢？eq\a\vs4\al([短语句型集成训练])Ⅰ.基础点全练1．单句语法填空/句型转换①Thesharpfallofthestockmarketcausedapanic.②Thesecretarytookchargeofthematteruntilherbossreturned.③Thenumberofpeoplewhoownprivatecarsisontheincrease.④Outofenvy,Itoldourteacherthematter.⑤Youcanborrowmycaraslongasyoupromisenottodrivetoofast.⑥Infact,Istillfindithardtoarrivethereontime.→Infact,Istillfinditishardtoarrivethereontime.⑦You'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyouincaseofrain.→You'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.⑧Fiveplayersmakeupthebasketballteam.→Thebasketballteamismadeupoffiveplayers.2．运用所学短语完成片段Iwasappointedto①take_charge_of(负责)dataprocessing(数据处理)inacompanyaftergraduation.Igotthejob②due_to(由于)myEnglishmajorbackground.Thejobitselfischallenginganditrequiresbasiccomputerskills.Themanagertoldmetoconsultmycolleagues③in_case_of(万一)anydifficulty.Withtheiraid,Iovercamemanydifficulties.LastmonthIgotpromoted④as_a_reward_for(作为对……的回报)myhardwork.Allmyefforts⑤paid_off(得到好结果)．Ⅱ.重难点多练1．pay相关短语多棱镜(1)介、副词填空①You'llhavetopayoffyouroldloanbeforebeingallowedanewone.②You'llhavetopayforyourselfishnesssomeday.③Youmustpayupwhatyouoweme.④Theyinformedusofpayingbackthemoneyweborrowedlastyear.(2)句型转换⑤ThisSundaywewillvisitWangPeng,oneofouroldclassmates.→ThisSundaywewillpayavisittoWangPeng,oneofouroldclassmates.2．case相关短语点点练(1)用case的相关短语填空①In_caseshecomesback,letmeknowimmediately.②In_this/that_case,_you'llwanttosetyourselfadeadline.③I'llkeepsomeoftheseunusedthingsin_case.(2)句型转换④Youshouldinnocasegiveintoanydifficulty.→Innocaseshouldyougiveintoanydifficulty.课时练(一)单元考点落实练和完形填空提能练一、单元考点落实练(练基础)(限时：40分钟)Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Hemakesitaruletogiveasummary(总结)reportoftheday'sevents.2．Hasthecompanyresponded(答复)toyoure­mail?3．Tosupportapoorpupil,Ihadtodecrease(减少)mydailylivingcost.4．IoncehelpedseveralmiddleschoolstudentswiththeirEnglishfreeofcharge(收费)．5．Whohasbeenappointed(委派)tolookintothemayor'scase?6．Therearesevencontinents(洲)intheworld,aseveryoneknows.7．Tomsucceededinovercoming(克服)allthedifficultiesfinally.8.Icanoperate(操作)acomputerfreelyandspeakEnglishfluently.9．ItiswellknownthattheGreatWallhasexisted(存在)forover2,000years.10．Thebestreward(回报)Igotisthatthechildlosingparentsreturnedtoschool.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．It'snotyoubuthethatis(be)toblamefortheaccident.2．Nomatterhowbusyheis,hemakesitaruletoreadatleast20minutesaday.3．Weareatyourservice.Don'thesitateto_turn(turn)tousifyouhaveanyproblem.4．LiLingandTaoLequarrelledwitheachotherabout/overthestyleoftheirwedding.5．Afterhewasretired,hisworkwasturnedovertothesecretary.6．Thefarmhasbeeninthechargeofmyfathersincemygrandpadied.7．Incasehearrives(arrive)beforeIgetback,pleasecallme.8．Doyouknowwhenthiskindofrobotscameintoexistence(exist)?9．Heswitchedonthelightandexaminedhissurroundings(surround)．10．Thespringwaterissafeto_drink(drink).Justhelpyourself.11．Inresponsetohiscriticism,Ikeptsilent.12．Theyonlysaysuchunkindthingsaboutyououtofenvy.13．Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthgoes(go)roundthesun.14．Amanshouldnotonlycommithimself(he)tohisworkbutalsotohisfamily.Ⅲ.单句改错1．IchargethismanofusingtheBrotherhoodmovementtoadvancehisownselfishinterests.of→with2．Practicemoreandyou'llfindeasytotalkwithnativespeakers.find后加it3．Incaseemergency,breaktheglassandpressthebutton.case后加of4．Asarewardofpassinghisexamination,hegotanewwatchfromhisparents.of→for5．HecheatedmeandIwouldn'tbelievehimanylonger.believe后加in6．Whenmeetingwithnewwords,weshouldconsulttoadictionary.去掉to7．Theteacheraskedthestudentstomakeoutshortdialoguesbythemselves.out→up8．Theyrespondedwithmyjokebylaughing.with→to9．Theyareduetohavingapartynextweek.Willyoucomealong？having→have10．Theproductioncostofthesetruckshasdecreasedtoonethirdcomparedtolastyear.第一个to→byⅣ.课文缩写语法填空Now,thespeedofchangeisbecoming①increasingly(increasing)fast.Whatshouldwedotokeepupwithit?Let'stake②adeepbreathandtrytosensethegoodthingsthefutureoffers.Thejobareaswillbemostaffected③bytechnologicalchange.Jobsinfarmingandheavyindustryaredecreasing④whiletheserviceindustry,themediaarebooming.⑤Withoutdoubt,thenumberofjobsinITwillmultiply.Therearealsomany⑥otherimportantchanges⑦taking(take)place.Thejobisgettingmoreandmoreflexible.⑧Inthesameway,companieswillchangetobemoredynamic.Goodcommunicationskillswillbe⑨extremely(extreme)important.Newtechnologyisthe⑩driving(drive)force,sodon'tgetleftbehind.Ⅴ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Mr.Smith,whoismygoodfriend,eq\x(1)takes_charge_of(掌管)acompany.eq\x(2)However(However/Besides/And),atthebeginning,hemetwithalotofdifficulties.Buthemanagedtoovercomethem.Hiseffortseq\x(3)paid_off(得到了回报)andnowhiscompanyrunsverywell.Heoftensaysthatwisdomandjudgmentareofgreatimportanceonthewaytosuccess,butwhatismoreimportantisneverbeingslowtoeq\x(4)grasp_opportunities(抓住机会).①Notothersbutyourselfmakesyouanenvytoothers.②Hisexperiencetellsusnomatterwhathappens,carryitthroughfirmlytotheend,andinthiswaythefinalvictorywillbelongtous.(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)runs→operates(2)beingslow→hesitating2．按要求进行句式改写(1)用强调句型改写句①(强调主语)It_is_not_others_but_yourself_that_makes_you_an_envy_to_others.(2)用whatever和倒装句型改写句②Hisexperiencetellsuswhatever_happens,_carryitthroughfirmlytotheend,andonlyinthiswaywill_the_final_victory_belong_to_us.二、完形填空提速练(练专项)(限时：20分钟)(2016·河南六市第一次联考)Aftergraduationfromcollege,Iwasofferedawhite­collarjobinanofficeinManhattan.Wehadlarge__1__overlookingabusystreet.Istoodbyoneofthemoneday,whenayoungladywalkingonsideway__2__andmadeeyecontact—naturally,I__3__.Thatwasthebeginningofmakingothershappy.Whenthingswere__4__，Istoodinthewindowandwavedatthepassengerswholookedupandthismademesmile—work__5__waswashedaway.Lateafternoonwasthe__6__time.Rush­hourtrafficfilledthestreetwithcarsandbuses.Afterwavingbecame__7__，Itriedtoimprovemyact.Imadesigns，“Hi！”，“Hello！”，and“BeHappy！”I__8__theminthewindowandwaved.__9__Daywasdrawingnear.Jobcutswereannounced.Severalco­workerswould__10__theirjobs.Stressreachedahighpoint.Everyonefelt__11__.Weneededtodosomethingtobreakthetension.Whileworkingonenight,aredjacket__12__myattention.Iusedmy__13__andturneditintoapieceofSanta'sclothing.Thenextdaymyco­workersgatheredaroundmeand__14__forthefirsttimeinweeks.Justthenmybosspassedby.Helookedup,sawme,shookhisheadandleft.IthoughtI__15__trouble.Soonmybossphonedme，“Mike,cometomyoffice！”Wheninhisoffice,Ifeltverynervous.“Mike...”Tears__16__inhiseyes,asIsatsilentandconfused.Whenheregained__17__，hesaid，“Thanks,Mike!Withthejobcuts,it'sbeenhardtoenjoytheChristmas.Thanksforthelaugh,I__18__it.”Thatevening,andeveryeveningoftheChristmasseason,Istood__19__inthewindow.PeoplesmiledatthestrangeSanta.Myheartfilledwithjoy,__20__Imadethosepeoplesmileafteralongdayatwork.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。由于作者工作的地方靠着一条繁忙的街道，并且办公室又有一些大的窗子，所以他可以通过窗子向下俯瞰。工作不忙时，他就和下面的路人打招呼。在圣诞节的晚上，作者穿上了用红色的夹克衫做成的圣诞老人的衣服，给过往的路人带来了快乐，也缓解了公司同事因裁员带来的紧张感。1．A.doors B．roomsC．windows D．restaurants解析：选C根据第二段第二句中的“Istoodinthewindow”可知，“我们”有大窗户，可以眺望繁忙的街道。故答案选C。2．A.speededup B．lookedupC．brokedown D．pulledthrough解析：选B根据上文中的“overlookingabusystreet”及下文“madeeyecontact”可知，当“我”眺望繁忙的街道时，一个路人抬头看到了“我”。lookup意为“抬头看”，符合语境。3．A.waved B．hidC．left D．shouted解析：选A根据第二段第二句中的“wavedatthepassengerswholookedup”可知，“我”很自然地挥手打招呼。wave意为“挥手”，符合语境。4．A.important B．slowC．right D．bad解析：选B根据语境可知，当工作慢下来的时候，“我”站在窗户边向路人招手微笑。slow意为“慢的”，符合语境。5．A.stress B．pleasureC．experience D．challenge解析：选A根据语境可知，这种微笑使“我”没有了工作压力。stress意为“压力”，符合语境。6．A.quickest B．hardestC．longest D．best解析：选D根据本段后面作者做各种标志来改善打招呼的方式可知，傍晚是最好的时光。best意为“最好的”，符合语境。7．A.encouraging B．embarrassingC．boring D．moving解析：选C根据语境可知，当只挥手变得有些乏味时，“我”就做了一些标志。boring意为“乏味的，厌烦的”，符合语境。8．A.saw B．readC．posted D．painted解析：选C根据语境可知，“我”就把这些标志贴在了窗子上。post意为“张贴”，符合语境。9．A.Christmas B．LaborC．Thanksgiving D．National解析：选A根据第五段第二句中的“turneditintoapieceofSanta'sclothing”和第六段中的“it'sbeenhardtoenjoytheChristmas”以及最后一段第一句中的“everyeveningoftheChristmasseason”可知，圣诞节就要临近了。故答案选A。10．A.seek B．loseC．finish D．take解析：选B根据本段第二句“Jobcutswereannounced.”可知，因为要裁员，所以有几个同事要失去工作。lose意为“失去”，符合语境。11．A.anxious B．confidentC．useless D．peaceful解析：选A根据上文可知，因为裁员，有人要失去工作，所以大家都很担心。anxious意为“担忧的”，符合语境。12．A.relaxed B．drewC．switched D．involved解析：选B句意：一天晚上正在工作时，一件红色夹克衫吸引了我的注意。draw意为“吸引”，符合语境。13．A.imagination B．relationC．experience D．pressure解析：选A句意：我发挥想象力把它改成了一件圣诞老人的衣服。imagination意为“想象力”，符合语境。14．A.spoke B．actedC．laughed D．returned解析：选C根据第六段中的“Thanksforthelaugh”可知，第二天同事们围在“我”身边，这是几个星期以来第一次大笑。laugh意为“大笑”，符合语境。15．A.took B．causedC．forgot D．suffered解析：选B句意：我以为我引起了麻烦。cause意为“引起”，符合语境。16．A.fell B．appearedC．dried D．swallowed解析：选B句意：当我默默地坐着，感到困惑时，他的眼睛里泛着泪花。appear意为“出现”，符合语境。17．A.confidence B．angerC．control D．strength解析：选C根据上文可知，他热泪盈眶，所以此处表示他重新控制住自己的情绪。control意为“控制”，符合语境。18．A.chose B．knewC．accepted D．needed解析：选D根据上文“it'sbeenhardtoenjoytheChristmas.Thanksforthelaugh”可知，老板需要这份欢笑。need意为“需要”，符合语境。19．A.luckily B．eagerlyC．naturally D．proudly解析：选D根据下文“Imadethosepeoplesmileafteralongdayatwork”可知，“我”很自豪地站在窗子那里。proudly意为“自豪地”，符合语境。20．A.because B．butC．although D．if解析：选A句意：我的心里充满了快乐，因为我能够使那些工作了一天的路人露出微笑。根据语境可知，此处表示因果关系。because意为“因为”，符合语境。课时练(二)阅读理解提速练(练速度)(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2016·滕州市第十一中学高三月考)Selfies(自拍)havebecomeanincreasinglycommonwaytocapturememorablemoments.Whenitcomestotakingselfies,knowingthefollowingtipscandirectlyaffectthequalityofyourfinalproduct.Theuseoflightisvitaltoimprovingimagequality.Lightscanhelpavoidshadowsandcreatesoftfeaturesonyourface,soturnyourfacetowardthemainlightsource.Ifyouwanttobecreative,playwithlightanglesbyturningyourbody,butmakesurethephotoisproperlyexposedandyourfaceislitfromthefrontortheside.Besides,avoidtakingselfiesagainstthemainlightsourceorwithoverheadlighting.Additionally,naturallightpossessesawarmththatmakesyoulooklikeyou'reglowing(发光)．Whentakingselfies,anglesalsomatteralot.Holdthecameraawayfromyourface,andtrytotakephotosbothhorizontally(水平地)andvertically.Ifnot,yourfacemightlookbiggerthanusual.Ideally,theuniversalselfieangleis45degreesaboveyourhead.Butyoushouldstudyyourfaceatdifferentanglesbecausefindingyourbestanglerequiresyouhavingseenallofthem.Oneproblemwithselfiesisthatmosthavedistractingbackgrounds.Youcanalwaysdomoretoshowothersyourbestside.Trytosimplifythebackgroundbytakingselfiesoutdoorsorinspaciousareas.Documentyourselfengagingininterestingactivities­hikingwithfamilymembers,visitinglandmarks,orworkingoutwithfriends.Atleast,youcanmakethephotoappealingbygettingridofyouroutstretchedarmorabackgroundthat'stoobusy.Youcanalsodownloadsomephotoappsthatallowyoutoadjustthelightingandcontrast.Someappsofferusefulfilters(滤光器),whichcanchangeyourskintoneandeliminatepimples(粉刺)onyourface.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的人喜欢以自拍的方式留下值得纪念的瞬间，那么，要想自拍出较高质量的照片，应注意些什么呢？1．Togetanimageofhighquality,youneedto________.A．beunderthelightsourceB．beagainstthemainlightC．facethemainlightsourceD．havethephotofullyexposed解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，要想自拍出高质量的影像，你需要面向主光源。故选C。2．Howcanyoufindtheanglethatsuitsyoumost?A．Studyyourfaceatdifferentangles.B．Holdthecamerafarenoughfromyou.C．Keepthecameralowerthanyourface.D．Placethecamera45degreesaboveyourhead.解析：选A细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知，自拍前应该尝试研究不同角度下自己的面部，直到最后确定最佳拍摄角度。故选A。3．Whichofthefollowingshouldbeavoidedwhentakingselfies?A．Theuseofnaturallight.B．Alandmarkasabackground.C．Changesoftheskintone.D．Abusybackground.解析：选D细节理解题。第四段主要谈自拍时的一个常见问题是背景混乱。所以本段最后一句提到要避免过于繁杂的背景才会有好的自拍效果。故选D。B(2016·太原第二学段测评)AgroupofpsychologistsledbyAlbertBanduradevelopedsociallearningtheory,whichemphasizesthefactthatmuchlearningoccursinasocialcontext.Thiskindoflearning,whichresultssimplyfromobservingandimitatingthebehaviorsofothers,iscalledobservationallearning.Observationallearninghelpspeopleacquireproperbehaviorsintheirfamiliesandcultures.Bywatchingothers,welearnhowpeopletalktoeachother,whatclothesare“fashionable”，andhowtointeractwithpeople.InoneofBandura'sclassicstudies,childrenweredividedintothreegroups:OnegroupwatchedanadultbeatingupaBobodoll,onegroupwatchedanadultignoringtheBobodoll,andthethirddidn'tseeanadultatall.Afterbeingplacedinaroomwithtoys,butnotbeingallowedtoplaywiththem,allthechildrenwerethenplacedinanotherroomwithavarietyoftoys,includingaBobodoll.Childreninthefirstgrouptendedtoimitatewhattheyhadseen,mistreatingthedollandeveninventingnewwaystoabuseit.Theywerealsoaggressivewiththeothertoysintheroom.Researchershavediscoveredthatseveralcharacteristicsofmodelscanmakelearningthroughobservationmoreeffective.Notsurprisingly,themoreyoupayattentiontothemodel,themoreyoulearn.Youaremorelikelytopayattentionifthemodelisanexpert,isgood­looking,hashighstatus,orissociallypowerful.Then,asteachers,howcanyouapplyobservationallearning?Hereareafewguidelines.Aboveall,modelthebehaviorsandattitudesyoudesireyourstudentstolearn.Forexample,showenthusiasmforthesubjectyouteach.Bewillingtodemonstrateboththementalandthephysicaltasksyouexpectthestudentstoperform.Second,usepeers,especiallyclassleaders,asmodels.Forexample,ingroupwork,pairstudentswhodowellwiththosewhoarehavingdifficulties.Third,youmayseekthehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviors.Examplesincludelettinghigh­statusstudentsleadanactivitywhenyouneedclasscooperationorwhenstudentsarelikelytobereluctant(不情愿的)atfirst.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了著名的“波波玩偶实验”及Bandura所倡导的观察学习理念。这种理念可以运用在教师的实际教学中：以身示范，向学生展示你的行