高考英语大二轮总复习-专题四-语法填空课件

专题四语法填空题型解读与高考感悟高频考点与技巧点拨高考新编123考点统计(略)题型解读与高考感悟近两年语法填空考点布局充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。注意：1.词类转换以实词中名词、动词、形容词、副词四类为主，而对于名词的考查近两年均涉及名词单复数的考查，而未涉及到考情分析名词的所有格，在2016年备考中应引起注意；对于代词的词形变换考查涉及了人称代词与物主代词的转换，反身代词近两年还未涉及，也应引起注意。2.对于无提示词类的情态动词和助动词的考查，仅2014年新课标全国样卷中考查了must表推测，2014年新课标全国Ⅱ考查了助动词did。指示代词与不定代词近两年均未涉及。3.特殊句式在近两年虽然未考查，但备考时应注意：倒装结构中助动词、小句替代中so，neither，nor以及only等的考查；省略结构中不定式符号to以及结合状语从句的省略中非谓语动词或连词的考查；强调句式中it或that的考查；感叹句中how，what或不定冠词a/an的考查等。4.连接性副词与语境填词虽然在2014年新课标全国样卷中均有涉及，但可能考虑到这两类词均为完形填空考点，故在2014、2015两年正式考试中均未涉及，但在2015年全国Ⅰ中考查了无提示词形式的时间副词before/earlier，故像earlier，ago，later等时间副词与never，hardly等频度副词是否会有考查还需注意。5.从出题形式上看，近两年10个设空中都是7个有提示词、3个无提示词，预计2016年还应该以这种比例来突出提示词考查为主的出题形式。

(一)(2015·全国Ⅰ)Yangshuo，ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI61.

(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours62.

，I’dbeenathomeinHongKong，with63.

(it)chokingsmog.Here，theairwascleanandfresh，evenwiththerain.真题体验arrivedbefore/earlieritsI’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.

arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.

(painting).Instead，I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin，it’sonlyanhouraway66.

carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter­knowncity.that/whichpaintingsbyYangshuo67.

(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers68.

(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit69.

(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70.

(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.isconductedregularlyliving(二)(2015·全国Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41.

(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven42.

mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43.

(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutbuilttheability44.

(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat45.

(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46.

(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；47.

thesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle48.

(go)dayafterday：Thewallsusingslowlytocoolatgoeswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As49.

(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly50.

thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.naturalhow(三)(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland，Ohio.It61.

(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62.

(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now，yearslater，thisriverisoneof63.

mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.wasactuallytheButtheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays64.

evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65.

(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66.

(clean)thanever.ortoreducecleanerMaybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67.

isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?that/whichWhilethereare68.

(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe69.

(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.

(patience).amazingchangespatient(四)(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)Onemorning，Iwaswaitingatthebusstop，worriedabout41.

(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,42.

someofthemlookedveryanxiousand43.

(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame，weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext44.

thewindow，soIhadagoodviewofthebeinganddisappointedtosidewalk.Aboyonabike45.

(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefused46.

(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still，theboykept47.

(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally，whenwecametothenextstop，theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedrivercaughttostopridingstoodupandasked，“48.

anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop？”Awomanonthebusshouted，“Ohdear！It’s49.

(I).”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone，andthecrowdofstrangers50.

(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.Didme/minesuddenly(五)(2014·新课标全国样卷)Mum：(puttingonhercoat)I’mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan：Why?Mum：I’mnotsurewhat1.

(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2.

Iwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey’re3.

(go).happenedwhengoneAlan：Oh，itmusthavebeenDad.I’msurehewasinthekitchen4.

(early).Mum：No，hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished5.

(make)them，sohecouldn’thavedoneit.6.

，hecouldn’tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennisstuff，soI’msure7.

wasn’thim.earliermakingAnywayitAlan：(openingthefridgedoor)Well，itwasn’tme.ButMum，look！Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfof8.

fridge?Mum：Aretheythere？Oh，mygoodness，I9.

haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.Oh，dear.Ireallymustbelosingmy10.

.Now，whydidIputonmycoat?themustmemory/mind一、提示词填空(一)——词类转换高频考点与技巧点拨123二、提示词填空(二)——词形变换三、提示词填空(三)——谓语与非谓语动词4四、纯空格填空典例1Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysit69(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析设空处修饰谓语动词arrange，需要一个副词，故填regularly。考点考点1形容词→副词一、提示词填空(一)——词类转换考点例析典例2

17(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015·广东)分析用副词修饰整个句子。故填Luckily。方法归纳修饰动词短语、形容词、副词或整个句子，或作状语时，用副词形式。典例1Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式ability。考点考点2形容词/动词→名词一、提示词填空(一)——词类转换考点例析典例2Severalchildrenareawayfromschoolbecauseof

(ill).分析介词短语becauseof后接宾语，要用名词，故填illness。典例3Hehadwitnessedtoomany

(die)andwoundsattheBattleofSolferinoinItalyfouryearsearlier，inwhich40,000peoplewerekilled，woundedormissing.分析这里指的是死亡，是可数名词，在句中作及物动词witness的宾语，空前的toomany也暗示应用death的复数形式deaths。方法归纳作主语，或在及物动词、介词短语后作宾语时，前面可能有限定词冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰，通常用名词形式；注意单复数形式。典例1As49(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式natural。考点考点3动词/名词→形容词一、提示词填空(一)——词类转换考点例析典例2Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation，...(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)分析此处用形容词修饰名词stories。amaze的形容词有两个，一个是amazing，另一个是amazed。修饰物(stories)当然用amazing。典例3Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand43(disappoint).(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)分析本句的主语是someofthem，此处and连接两个并列成分，再结合前面的形容词anxious可知，此处也应该填一个形容词。故此处用disappointed表示他们中有些人感到失望。方法归纳作表语系动词之后、定语修饰名词或宾语补足语表性质状态时，通常用形容词形式。注意常考动词分词的形容词性化，其形容词的形式有：-­ing结尾的和­ed结尾的两种。用所给词的适当形式填空1.Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople’shomeeither

(personal)orthroughtheircompanies.(2015·安徽，31)2.Itwas

(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.(2015·福建，23)3.Mostofus，ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom，understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswas

(former)alive.(2015·浙江，13)考点专练personallyconsiderateformerly4.Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome

(think)andthenletmeknow.(2015·安徽，30)5.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand

(comprehension)reviewofthecase.(2015·江苏，31)6.Theclimatehereisquite

(please)，thetemperaturerarely，ifever，reaching30℃insummer.(2014·福建，28)thoughtcomprehensivepleasant7.Whatwasso

(impress)aboutJasmineWestland’svictorywasthatshecamefirstinthemarathonbare­footed.(2014·湖北，27)8.Lifeis

(predict)；eventhepoorestmightbecometherichest.(2014·江西，30)impressiveunpredictable9.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt

(please)，becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther，itwasprobablythefactthatshesatinthelastrow.(2012·广东)10.—Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?—Well，youknow，Englishismy

(strong).Soitismybestchoice.(2012·福建，25)pleasedstrength典例1I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65(painting).(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析由于该名词由somany修饰，故填其复数形式paintings。考点考点1名词的单复数与所有格二、提示词填空(二)——词形变换考点例析典例2Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbepatient.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)分析前面是定冠词the，因此后面要用名词，再由谓语动词are可知此空要用其名词的复数形式，故填changes。典例3It’saboutan

(hour)drivefromhere.分析句意为：离这里大约有一个小时的车程。“一个小时的”用所有格，故填hour’s。方法归纳若所给提示词为名词而空格处也应填名词，注意要弄清名词的数与格，即名词是否需要复数形式，或是否需要所有格。典例1Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66(clean)thanever.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)分析从后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。考点2形容词与副词的比较等级考点二、提示词填空(二)——词形变换考点例析典例2Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths17(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.(2014·广东)分析由前面提到的wehadplannedformonths(我们已经计划了数月)可知，早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。典例3The68(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.(2014·辽宁)分析考查固定句式。这里是“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句式，表示“越……就越……”。故填harder。方法归纳若括号中所给的是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较等级或最高级；注意than或比较级的修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；其次还要注意一些特殊句式，如：the＋比较级，the＋比较级；“否定词can’t/couldn’t＋比较级”表示最高级等。典例1Afewhoursbefore，I’dbeenathomeinHongKong，with63(it)chokingsmog.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析空格后面的smog为名词，故要使用形容词性物主代词its来修饰限定。考点3人称代词、物主代词与

反身代词的变换考点二、提示词填空(二)——词形变换考点例析典例2Thechildrenamused

(they)byplayinghide­and­seekgames.分析缺宾语，应填代词；这些孩子拿谁取乐，应是“自娱自乐(amuseoneself)”，与主语Thechildren一致，故填themselves。类似的短语还有enjoyoneself(玩得开心)，teachoneself(自学)，adaptoneself(适应)，dressoneself(自己穿衣)，devoteoneselfto(致力于)，byoneself(单独地)等。方法归纳若提示词是物主代词表示某人的，作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代词；在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词。反身代词反指谁，它通常作主语和宾语的同位语，这时应与主语或宾语一致；也可作某些动词或介词的宾语，这时需与主语一致。用所给词的适当形式填空1.Someschoolswillhavetomake

(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.(2015·江苏，32)2.Wetendtohavea

(good)memoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappealtoouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.(2015·浙江，11)3.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itis

(good)hehasevergot.(2015·四川，7)考点专练adjustmentsbetterthebest4.Hegave

(him)anewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.(2015·湖北，22)5.Ican’ttellyouthewaytothe

(Wilson)becausewedon’thaveaWilsonhereinthevillage.(2014·重庆，6)6.Thisisbyfar

(inspiring)moviethatIhaveeverseen.(2013·辽宁，33)himselfWilsons’themostinspiring7.Tonycanhardlyboilanegg，still

(little)cookdinner.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，25)8.Nexttobiology，Ilikephysics

(well).(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ，13)9.Shecameacrossanoldfriendof

(she)yesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.(2011·天津，8)10.Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof

(I)whenIwasababy.(2010·四川，7)lessbesthersme典例1ItwasraininglightlywhenI61(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时wasraining，后一句中用了一般过去时didn’tcare，根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。故填arrived。考点考点1考纲规定考查的十种时态三、提示词填空(三)——谓语与非谓语动词动词的时态与语态考点例析典例2Thiscycle48(go)dayafterday：Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理。此处指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去，这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。又因为主语thiscycle为单数第三人称，故填goes。典例3In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland，Ohio.It61(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)分析事情发生在1969年，是一个过去的时间，故此处要用一般过去时，又因为主语为it，故填was。方法归纳句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态与语态。判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。考试说明中规定考的有十种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时。近两年考查一般过去时和一般现在时居多。典例1Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat19(leave).(2015·广东)分析由语境可知，整体为过去时态，且what与leave之间是被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasleft。考点考点2考纲规定考查的八种时态的被动语态三、提示词填空(三)——谓语与非谓语动词动词的时态与语态典例2Bepatient！TaiChi66(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：...(2014·辽宁)分析整篇对话的时态是一般现在时。TaiChi与call之间是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填iscalled。方法归纳句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。考试说明中规定考的各种时态的被动语态有八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时。典例1Unlesssomeextramoney

(find)，thetheatrewillclose.(2014·大纲全国，22)分析考查一般现在时表将来。由语境可知，此处是unless引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时态表将来；句中主语someextramoney与find之间为动宾关系，要用被动语态。故填isfound。考点考点3时态与语态中的几个特殊用法三、提示词填空(三)——谓语与非谓语动词动词的时态与语态典例2Jameshasjustarrived，butIdidn’tknowhe

(come)untilyesterday.(2014·重庆，8)分析考查过去进行时表过去将来。wascoming为过去进行时态，表示过去将来。know后面为宾语从句，从句动词相对于know而言指将要发生的动作，而come，go，leave，start，arrive等瞬间性动词可用进行时态表示将来的动作。根据didn’t可知此处应该用过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。典例3Foodsuppliesintheflood­strickenarea

(run)out.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.(2012·重庆，27)分析考查现在进行时表一般将来与主动表被动。由句中beforethere’snoneleft可知食物还没有用完，故用现在进行时表示“(食品供应)快用完了”；此外runout为不及物动词，不可用于被动语态。故填arerunning。典例4Yangshuo67(be)reallybeautiful.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时；由于主语是单数第三人称形式，故填is。方法归纳在确定谓语动词的时态与语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断：(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：①was/wereabouttodo...when...did...②Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since...did...③It/This/Thatisthefirsttimethat...have/hasdone...或It/This/Thatwasthefirsttimethat...haddone...④It’s(hightime)that...did/shoulddo⑤Hardlyhad＋主语＋done...when...did...或Nosoonerhad＋主语＋done...than...did...这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动，还需看所给是否为及物动词，是否考查主动表被动等。(5)注意主谓是否一致。典例1Hewalkedinasifhe17(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.(2012·广东)分析这是由asif引导的虚拟语气，因为是与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时，填hadbought。考点考点4虚拟语气中的时态与语态三、提示词填空(三)——谓语与非谓语动词动词的时态与语态典例2Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI

(dance)aswellasher.(2015·陕西，23)分析wish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用过去式(be用were)。故填danced。典例3Itisluckywebookedaroom，orwe

(have)nowheretostaynow.(2015·安徽，32)分析本题考查了虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的运用，条件句部分在or中体现，相当于ifwehadn’tbookedaroom，wewouldhavenowheretostaynow，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟。故填wouldhave。方法归纳一旦判定所给动词在句中作谓语后，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。除了if虚拟条件句，还应注意虚拟语气的标志词，如：suggest，wouldrather，asif，wish，otherwise，or，butfor等。用所给动词的适当形式填空1.JustasIgottotheschoolgate，IrealizedI

(leave)mybookinthecafe.(2015·安徽，24)2.Itisreportedthataspacestation

(build)onthemooninyearstocome.(2015·安徽，29)3.—IsPetercoming?—No，he

(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.(2015·重庆，1)考点专练hadleftwillbebuiltchanged4.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe

(teach)aclassatthattime.(2015·天津，6)5.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks，noagreement

(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(2015·天津，9)6.Marty

(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.(2015·陕西，22)willbeteachinghasbeenreachedhasbeenworking7.Therealreasonwhyprices

(be)，andstillare，toohighiscomplex，andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.(2015·江苏，30)8.Asyougothroughthisbook，you

(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.(2015·湖南，22)werewillfind9.HemusthavesensedthatI

(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly，“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat？”(2015·湖南，28)10.Tomydelight，I

(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.(2015·福建，26)waslookingwaschosen11.Inthelastfewyears，China

(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.(2015·北京，26)12.Iwasn’tabletohidemyeagernesswhenI

(ask)，“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow？”(2015·湖南，25)hasmadeasked典例1Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough46(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；atthesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析“be＋形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为常用句式，意为“足够……，能够做某事”。故填tocool。考点考点1动词不定式三、提示词填空(三)——谓语与非谓语动词非谓语动词考点例析典例2Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow，hestartedcuttingdowntrees23(sell)thewood.(2015·广东)分析砍树的目的是卖钱，故这里用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。故填tosell。典例3Ittookyearsofwork65(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)分析句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为“Ittakes＋时间＋todosth.”。故填toreduce。典例4Shewishedthathewasaseasy32(please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.(2009·广东)分析该句空格前是形容词，所以用动词不定式作状语。故填toplease。方法归纳首先分析句子结构，若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分，再根据各非谓语动词的特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的时态和语态，熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。典例1Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑非谓语动词。

由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作后置定语。故填living。考点考点2动词的­-ing形式三、提示词填空(三)——谓语与非谓语动词非谓语动词典例2Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout44(use)electricequipment.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析句中已有谓语，介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。故填using。典例3Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.Still，theboykept47(ride).(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)分析根据空格前面的kept可知，此处是keepdoingsth.结构，意为“继续做某事”。故后面应使用v.­ing形式，因此需将ride变成riding。方法归纳现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果或伴随，且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系；现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中；动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；此外，应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。典例1Astudyoftravelers68(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析句中出现双动词conduct与names且无连词，通过name的第三人称单数形式可判定names为句子的谓语，故判定设空处应填非谓语动词形式作astudy的定语。conduct考点考点3动词的过去分词三、提示词填空(三)——谓语与非谓语动词非谓语动词与study之间为动宾关系，故用表示被动的过去分词形式。此外，by是解题的关键词，conductedby...意为“由……所做的”。

故填conducted。典例2Theadobedwellings(土坯房)41(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析build与句子谓语areadmired之间无连词，故应填非谓语动词。

主语adobedwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。故填built。方法归纳过去分词可作状语、定语或补语，表示被动与完成；

若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词；过去分词不可作主语或宾语。用所给动词的适当形式填空1.

(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow，hehadalong，hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(2015·重庆，6)2.Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirway

(use)thesunandthestars.(2015·重庆，11)考点专练Raisedusing考点一非谓语动词作状语3.

(work)fortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.(2015·天津，8)4.Whentheclerksawakindoffacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile，shestoodrootedtotheground，

(wonder)whethertostayorleave.(2015·湖南，30)5.

(learn)moreaboutChineseculture，JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.(2015·福建，28)HavingworkedwonderingTolearn6.Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，only

(find)itdidn’tfit.(2014·天津，5)tofind考点二非谓语动词作定语1.Theparkwasfullofpeople，

(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.(2015·北京，23)2.AmieSalmon，disabled，isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse

(appoint)toguardher.(2014·浙江，14)3.There’sanotepinnedtothedoor

(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(2014·山东，6)enjoyingappointedsaying4.Todaytherearemoreairplanes

(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.(2014·大纲全国，23)5.Therearestillmanyproblems

(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014·北京，28)6.Volunteeringgivesyouachance

(change)lives，includingyourown.(2013·北京，21)carryingtobesolvedtochange考点三非谓语动词作主语、宾语或表语1.

(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.(2015·安徽，27)2.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress，AnneBenedictwenton

(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.(2015·陕西，17)Ignoringtothank3.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone

(employ)asecurityofficer.(2014·山东，9)4.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppingwithout

(recognize).(2014·北京，35)5.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway，thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying(connect).(2014·福建，30)6.Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems

(go)wrongwithit.(2013·重庆，34)toemploybeingrecognizedconnectedtohavegone考点四非谓语动词作宾补或主补1.Listeningtomusicathomeisonething；goingtohearit

(perform)liveisquiteanother.(2015·浙江，18)2.LittleTomsat

(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.(2015·四川，9)beingperformedamazed3.Backfromhistwo­yearmedicalserviceinAfrica，Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother

(take)goodcareofathome.(2015·陕西，18)4.Heisthought

(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(2014·江西，34)5.Whenwesawtheroad

(block)withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.(2013·北京，29)takentohaveactedblocked6.Letthoseinneed

(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.(2013·陕西，13)understand考点五省略句中的非谓语动词及独立主格1.Muchtime

(spend)sittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.(2015·江苏，24)2.Children，when

(accompany)bytheirparents，areallowedtoenterthestadium.(2014·湖南，21)3.Thelecture

(give)，alivelyquestion­and­answersessionfollowed.(2014·江苏，29)spentaccompaniedhavingbeengiven4.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden，weather

(permit).(2012·新课标全国，28)5.Batsaresurprisinglylong­livedcreatures，some

(have)alifespanofaround20years.(2011·浙江，3)permittinghaving典例1Nowitoccurredto25thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.(2015·广东)分析Itoccurredtosb.that...某人突然想到……，这是一个固定句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是Johnson先生，即从句中his，故填him。考点考点1代词四、纯空格填空代词、冠词与介词考点例析典例2Lastyear，mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid16wasawonderfulholidaydestination.(2014·广东)分析从空后的awonderfulholidaydestination可知，这个地方就是Miami，用it指代前面提到的地点。故填it。典例3Raiseyourlegandlet65stayintheairforseconds.(2014·辽宁)分析根据句意可知此处应该填入指代leg的代词。故填it。方法归纳当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。要根据语境，看该空格是指人还是指物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。为了避免重复，it，ones，that，those都可以用来替代上文出现的名词，要注意它们的不同用法。it可以用来代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词one，both，neither，nor，all，none，either，another等的用法。典例1Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven42mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词the。考点考点2冠词四、纯空格填空代词、冠词与介词典例2Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned16farm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.(2015·广东)分析名词farm前缺少限定词，根据语境可知，Johnson先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填不定冠词a，泛指“一个……”，修饰可数名词单数farm。方法归纳在名词或“形容词＋名词”前缺少限定词时，要考虑冠词。不定冠词a/an表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/……”等；定冠词the表示特指，相当于“这，这些，那，那些”。另外，特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物，用the；在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前，用the。典例1ForthosewhoflytoGuilin，it’sonlyanhouraway66carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter­knowncity.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析根据句意可知，这只是驱车一小时的路程。“by＋交通工具名词”为一固定短语。故填by。考点考点3介词四、纯空格填空代词、冠词与介词典例2...47thesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析atthesametime意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。故填at。典例3Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby18o