全新版大学英语综合教程第四册第四单元-课件

BR_mainUnit4GlobalizationTextAInSearchofDavosMan

寻找达沃斯人TextBGlobalization,AliveandWell

全球化：方兴未艾P94Overview-howglobalizationshapesoursenseofnationalidentity,

全球化怎样塑造我们的国家认同感-examinewhetheritunderminesnationalloyalties

审视它（全球化）是否会削弱对国家的忠诚

Westernskeptics西方的怀疑者（反对全球化的学者）Easternenthusiasts东方的支持者economicintegration经济融合politicaltolerance政治包容精品资料你怎么称呼老师？如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？教师的教鞭“不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘……”“太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”Warming-up-Watchthevideoanddiscuss-TheWorldEconomicForumBR_2_1_1Watchthevideoclip“NoLogo:brandsglobalizationresistance”

anddiscusswithinyourgroupquestionsgiven.BR_2_1Inthefollowing,therearesomewordsandexpressions.Thinkandconstructnewexpressionsrelatedtoglobalization.Changitspartofspeechifnecessary.economy,international,growth,trade,loans,global,workers,foreign,investment,marketplace,political,phenomenon,world,levelTips:

EconomicPhenomenon,PoliticalGlobalization,TradeGlobalization,InternationalOrganizations,GlobalEconomy,ForeignInvestments,ForeignMarkets,ForeignLoans,WorldEconomy,BR_3_1_1TheWorldEconomicForum(WEF)WhatistheWEF?Whatarethethemesofit?WhataretheIndustries?ChinaandtheWEFBR_3_1_2TheWorldEconomicForumAnindependent,internationalorganizationincorporatedasaSwissnot-for-profitfoundationwhosemottois“entrepreneurshipintheglobalpublicinterest”.Itbelievesthateconomicprogresswithoutsocialdevelopmentisnotsustainable,whilesocialdevelopmentwithouteconomicprogressisnotfeasible.BR_3_1_3世界经济论坛(WEF)是一个非官方的国际组织，总部设在瑞士日内瓦。论坛因每年年会都在达沃斯召开，故也被称为“达沃斯论坛”。Themes随着国际形势的发展和变化，世界经济论坛所探讨的议题逐渐突破了纯经济领域，许多双边和地区性问题以及世界上发生的重大政治、军事、安全和社会事件等也成为论坛讨论的内容。此外，论坛还有各种性质的会员制组织，涉及政治、经济、文化、宗教、传媒和学术等领域。世界经济论坛每年还与若干国家的政府或企业联合主办各种国际经济讨论会。BR_3_1_5ChinaandtheWorldEconomicForumChineseVicePremierLiKeqiangattendedthe2010WorldEconomicForum(WEF)AnnualMeetingopenedinDavos,Switzerland.ThelinksbetweenChinaandtheWEFstartedin1979,whenaChinesedelegationwasinvitedtotheforumforthefirsttime.Sincethen,ChinahasplayedamuchgreaterrolewithintheWEF,includinghostingthesummersessionthreetimes.BR_3_2_1SamuelPhillipsHuntington(1927—2008)—AnAmericanPoliticalScientistBornApril18,1927

New

York

City,

United

StatesDiedDecember24,2008(aged81)

Martha’s

Vineyard

MassachusettsNationalityAmericanFieldsPolitical

scienceInstitutionsHarvard

UniversityBR_3_2_2Alma

materStuyvesant

High

School

Harvard

University

University

of

Chicago

Yale

UniversityKnownforClash

of

CivilizationsInfluencedFukuyama,

ZakariaGR_mainPartDivisionoftheTextMatchtheideasFurtherUnderstandingGR_PartDivisionoftheTextPartDivisionoftheTextPartPara(s)MainIdeas11~324~5IntroductiontoDavosManandtheWorldEconomicForum.Debateovertheimpactofglobalizationoncurrentsocietyandculture.36~8Historyofglobalizationanditsrecenttrendsandfutureprospects.49~11GlobalizationversusnationalismandthechallengesitfacesGR_matchtheideas1MatchtheideasInthetext,therearemanynamesandideasmentioned.ScanandmatchtheideapresentedinColumnBwiththepersoninColumnA.Therearemorenameslisted.ColumnBA.Therearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld.B.Manilawomanarestronglypatriotic.C.Culturalidentityshouldbelocalandnationalinnature.D.U.S.andEuropeancompaniesarenowfacinghigh-quality,low-costcompetitionfromoverseas.E.IseemyselfasAmericanwithoutanyhesitation.GR_matchtheideas1ColumnA1.JohnChambers2.MarcoTronchettiProvera3.AlexMandl4.PatrickSayer5.KlausSchwab6.WilliamBrowder7.ValerieGoodingGR_2_Q&A1QuestionsandAnswers1.Didglobaltradeexistinthepast?Whatdidpeopledoingglobaltradethinkofitthen?Yes,globaltradehasbeenaroundforcenturies.Inthepast,thecorporationsandcountriesthatbenefitedfromglobaltradewerelargelycontenttotreatvastpartsoftheworldasplacestominenaturalresourcesorsellfinishedproducts.GR_2_Q&A22.WhatisGoldmanSachs’（高盛集团）predictionabouttheworldeconomyinthefuture?P99第八段Hepredictedthatfoureconomies—Russia,Brazil,IndiaandChina—willbecomeamuchlargerforceintheworldeconomythanwidelyexpected,basedonprojectionsofdemographicandeconomicgrowth,withChinapotentiallyovertakingGermanythisdecade.By2050,thesefournewcomerswilllikelyhavedisplacedallbuttheU.S.andJapanfromthetopsixeconomiesintheworld.DavosManneedstofigureouthowtostrikeabalanceonaglobalscalebetweenbeinginternationalandbeingnationalatthesametime.GR_2_Q&A33.WhodoesManilaWoman（马尼拉女人）referto?P99第九段Itreferstolow-paidmigrantworkersfromAsiaandelsewherewhoareincreasinglyprovidingkeyservicesaroundtheworld.UnlikeDavosMan,ManilaWomanisstronglypatriotic.4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkDavosManneedtofigureout?NewWordsandPhrasesglobalizationn.全球化

globen.

球，球状物；世界；天体；

globaladj.全面的，全局的；全球的；

globalizev.(使)全球化

相似构词：nationalization国有化，民族化，同化internationalization国际化modernization现代化DR_word_sweepaside12.sweepaside:扫除，清除；不理会他们对所有的反对意见不予理睬。Theysweptalltheobjectionsaside.Globalizationissweepingasidenationalborders.全球化打破了国界。DR_word_sweepaside2Collocation：扫清，迅速消灭sweepaway扫掉，清除sweepout眺望，环视sweepover打扫干净，收拾干净sweepupDR_word_asset23.assetn.

财产，资产；优势，资源；

资本/固定资产capital/fixedassets现金资产cashassets流动资产liquid/circulating/currentassets净资产netassets4.élite:[ɪˈlit,eˈlit]n.(法)精英，

杰出人物；精华；精锐(Para3,Line4)这些人构成了有决定权的精英集团。Thesepeopleformanelitewhohavethepowertomakedecisions.Collocation:political/social/economicelite政治/社会/经济精英DR_word_entitle15.entitle:

vt.1)giveatitleto

给…题名，给…取名Full-timeemployeesareentitledtoreceivehealthinsurance.他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。Theyareentitledtoenjoymanyadvantagesandprivileges.2)givesomeonetheofficialrighttodoorhavesth.

给予（权利），有资格做…HeentitledthebookTheSecretGarden.DR_word_facilitate6.facilitate:

vt.促进，助长；使容易；-Thenewairportwillfacilitatethedevelopmentoftourisminthecity.-Zipcodesareusedtofacilitatemailservice.

邮政编码的使用方便了邮政服务学校都建在同一校区内，以便资源共享。Universitiesarelocatedinthesamecampustofacilitatethesharingofresources小事，不要紧的东西DR_word_atoddswith7.atoddswith:与…不一致；与…相冲突Thegovernmentdecisiontoraisetaxeswasatoddswiththeirpoliciesoninflation.矛盾，不一致atodds没有关系，无关紧要itmakesnoodds占优势takeoddsoddsandendsDR_word_becommittedto8.becommittedto

（名词/名词性短语）

promisetodo(sth.);bedevotedto中国承诺发展低碳经济。Chinaiscommittedtopursuingalowcarboneconomy.DR_word_accelerate9.accelerate:

v.

(causeto)movefasterorhappenearlierWemustseizeallopportunitiestoaccelerateoureconomicdevelopment.必须抓住一切机遇加快经济发展.Therunnersacceleratedsmoothlyroundthebend.选手们跑过弯道时平稳地加速。DR_word_beatapathto1P99Lin1-210.beatapathto/beatdownsb’sdoor:

ifpeoplebeatapathtoyourdoor,theyareinterestedinsth.youareselling,aserviceyouareproviding,etc.

（大批的人）争先恐后地去接触，纷纷前去找（某人）现在她已经成名,她家门庭若市。Nowthatshehasbecomefamous,allsortsofpeoplewillbebeatingapathtoherdoor.DR_word_beatapathto2Pattern:beatapathto/beatdownsb’sdoor

门庭若市beatabigdrumfor/about

为…鼓吹，为…大肆宣传beatabargain还价成交DR_word_remarkable1P99Line611.Asiannationsarecreating“aremarkableenvironmentofinnovation,saysJohnChambers.remarkable:adj.unusualorsurprisingandthereforedeservingattentionorpraise显著的，异常的，引人注目的；非凡的；Thesecarsareremarkableforthequietnessoftheirengines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响.相似近义词：

异常的，引人注目的；显著的，非凡的outstanding,noticeable,remarkable,conspicuous,striking-remarkabledevelopment(progress)显著的进步-Tobestandingoutinastrikingandclearlydefinedway.-Herbigeyesarehermoststrikingfeature.-outstandingscientist(student)杰出的科学家(学生)Fromtheoutside,themostaspectofthebuildingisitstall,slendertower.2.It’saachievementforthecompany.3.Thebookisaseriesofinterviewswithartistsandwriters.DR_word_remarkable2remarkable,outstanding,strikingstriking________remarkable__________________outstandingDR_word_

strikeabalance12.strikeabalance:

求得平衡他发现平衡家庭和工作的关系是很困难的。Hefounditdifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenhisfamilyandhiswork.TextUnderstandingGR_PartDivisionoftheTextPartPara(s)MainIdeas11~324~5IntroductiontoDavosManandtheWorldEconomicForum.Debateovertheimpactofglobalizationoncurrentsocietyandculture.36~8Historyofglobalizationanditsrecenttrendsandfutureprospects.49~11GlobalizationversusnationalismandthechallengesitfacesDR_Text1

Globalizationissweeping

asidenationalbordersandchangingrelationsbetweennations.Whatimpactdoesthishaveonnationalidentitiesandloyalties?Aretheystrengthenedorweakened?Theauthorinvestigates.WilliamBrowderwasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago,andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Butdon’tcallhimanAmerican.Forthepast16ofhis40yearshehaslivedoutsidetheU.S.,firstInSearchofDavosManPeterGumbel“Nationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforme,”hesays.“Ifeelcompletelyinternational.Ifyouhavefourgoodfriendsandyoulikewhatyouaredoing,itdoesn’tmatterwhereyouare.That’sglobalization.”DR_Text2firstinLondonandthen,from1996,inMoscow,whereherunshisowninvestmentfirm.Browdernowmanages$1.6billioninassets.

In1998hegaveuphisAmericanpassporttobecomeaBritishcitizen,sincehislifeisnowcenteredinEurope.DR_Text3AlexMandlisalsoaferventbelieveringlobalization,butheviewshimselfverydifferently.AformerpresidentofAT&T,Mandl,61,wasborninAustriaandnowrunsaFrenchtechnologycompany,whichisdoingmoreandmorebusinessinChina.Hereckonshespendsabout90%ofhistimetravelingonbusiness.Butdespiteallthatglobetrotting,MandlwhohasbeenaU.S.citizenfor45yearsstillidentifieshimselfasanAmerican.“IseemyselfasAmericanwithoutanyhesitation.ThefactthatIspendalotoftimeinotherplacesdoesn’tchangethat,”hesays.

AlthoughBrowderandMandldefinetheirnationalitydifferently,bothseetheiridentityasamatterofpersonalchoice,notanaccidentofbirth.

Andnotincidentally,bothareDavosMen,membersoftheinternationalbusinessélitewhotrekeachyeartotheSwissAlpinetownfortheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum,foundedin1971.Thisweek,BrowderandMandlwilljoinmorethan2,200executives,politicians,academics,journalists,writersandahandfulofHollywoodstarsforfivedaysofnetworking,DR_Text4partiesandendlessearnestdiscussionsabouteverythingfrompost-electionIraqandHIVinAfricatotheglobalsupplyofoilandtheimplicationsofnanotechnology.Yetthisyear,perhapsmorethanever,ahottopicatDavosisDavositself.Whatevertheirconsiderabledifferences,mostDavosMenandWomenshareatleastonebelief:thatglobalization,theunimpededflowsofcapital,laborandtechnologyacrossnationalborders,isbothwelcomeandunstoppable.Theyseetheworldincreasinglyasonevast,interconnectedmarketplaceinwhichcorporationssearchforthemostadvantageouslocationstobuy,produceandselltheirgoodsandservices.DR_Text5PartIPara.1-3FromPartI,weknowthatalthoughbothWilliamBrowderandAlexMandleareso-calledDavosMen,Theyaredifferent.Theformer,bornintheUS,gaveuphisUSpassporttobecomeaBritishcitizenbecausenationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforhim.Thelatter,althoughanAustralianbybirthandspendingofhisadultlifeoutsidetheUS,holdshisUscitizenshipdear.DR_Text6Asbordersandnationalidentitiesbecomelessimportant,somefindthatthreateningandevendangerous.Inanessayentitled“DeadSouls:TheDenationalizationoftheAmerican

Elite,”HarvardProfessorSamuelHuntingtondescribesDavosMan(aphrasethatfirstgotwidespreadattentioninthe1990s)asanemergingglobalsuperspeciesandathreat.Themembersofthisclass,hewrites,arepeoplewho“havelittleneedfornationalloyalty,viewnationalboundariesasobstaclesthatthankfullyarevanishing,can

Para.4andseenationalgovernmentsasresiduesfromthepastwhoseonlyusefulfunctionistofacilitatetheélite’sglobaloperations.”HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan’sglobal-citizenself-imageisstarklyatoddswiththevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremaindeeplycommittedtotheirnation.Thisdisconnect,hesays,creates“amajorculturalfaultline.Inavarietyofways,theAmericanestablishment,governmentalandprivate,hasbecomeincreasinglydivorcedfromtheAmericanpeople.”DR_Text7DR_Text8Naturally,manyDavosMendon’tacceptHuntington’sterms.KlausSchwab,thefounderandexecutivechairmanoftheWorldEconomicForum,arguesthatendorsingaglobaloutlookdoesnotmeanerasingnationalidentity.“Globalizationcanneverprovideuswithculturalidentity,whichneedstobelocalandnationalinnature.”ost许多达沃斯人自然不同意Huntington的说法。世界经济论坛的创始人兼执行主席KlausSchwab争辩说，支持全球观并不意味着抹去国家认同。“全球化绝无可能给予我们文化认同，因为国家认同必须是本土的和民族的。InPartII,welearnthatProf.Huntington’sviewpointDiffersfromthatofCharlesSchwab.TheformerwarnsthatDavosManposesathreattoAmericanvalues,whereasthelatterarguesthatendorsingaglobaloutlookdoesnotmeanerasingnationalidentity.DR_Text8

Globaltradehasbeenaroundforcenturies;thecorporationsandcountriesthatbenefitedfromitwerelargelycontenttotreatvastpartsoftheworldasplacestominenaturalresourcesorsellfinishedproducts.Evenastheglobalizationofcapitalacceleratedinthe1980s,mostforeigninvestmentwasbetweenrelativelywealthycountries,notfromwealthycountriesintopoorerones.U.S.technology,companiesandmoneywereoftenattheforefrontofthismovement.

mostPartIIIPara.6-8Howeverthepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedtheriseofothersignificantplayers.ThedevelopedworldisbeatingapathtoChina’sandIndia’sdoor—andChineseandIndiancompanies,inturn,havestartedtolookoverseasforsomeoftheirfuturegrowth.Beijinghasevenstartedwhatitcallsa“GoingOut”policythatencouragesChinesefirmstobuyassetsoverseas.Asiannationsarecreating“aremarkableenvironmentofinnovation,”graduatingDR_Text8DR_Text9saysJohnChambers,chiefexecutiveofCiscoSystems.“ChinaandIndiaaregraduatingcurrentlymorethanfivetimesthenumberofengineersthatwearehereintheU.S.”ThatmeansthatU.S.andEuropeancompaniesarenowfacinghigh-quality,low-costcompetitionfromoverseas.NowondersomanyWesternworkersworryaboutlosingtheirjobs.“Iftheissueisthesizeofthetotalpie,globalizationhasprovedagoodthing,”saysOritGadiesh,chairmanofconsultantsBain&Co.“Iftheissueishowthepieisdivided,ifyou’reintheWesternworldyoucouldquestionthat.”DR_Text10Thebiggestshiftmayjustbestarting.Alandmark2003studybyGoldmanSachspredictedthatfoureconomies—Russia,Brazil,IndiaandChina—willbecomeamuchlargerforceintheworldeconomythanwidelyexpected,basedonprojectionsofdemographicandeconomicgrowth,withChinapotentiallyovertakingGermanythisdecade.By2050,GoldmanSachssuggested,thesefournewcomerswilllikelyhavedisplacedallbuttheU.S.andJapanfromthetopsixeconomiesintheworld.InPartIII,wefindoutthedifferentbetweenglobaltradebeforethe1980sandglobaltradeafterthe1980s.Beforethe1980s,mostglobaltradetookplaceamongwealthiercountries,whiletherestoftheworldwastreatedaseitherasourceofrawmaterialsoramarketforfinalproducts.Afterthe1980s,developingcountriesbecomemoreandmoresignificant

playersinglobaltrade.

AlsoinPartIII,thereisacontrastbetweenDavosManandManilaWoman.WhileDavosManmaydisregardnationalloyalty,ManilaWomanisfiercelypatriotic.It’salsoentirelypossiblethatthenearfuturemayseethependulumofcapitalswingawayfromDavosMan-styleglobalization.OnecounterpointisManilaWoman—low-paidmigrantworkDR_Text11workersfromAsiaandelsewherewhoareincreasinglyprovidingkeyservicesaroundtheworld.ValerieGooding,thechiefexecutiveofBritishhealthcarecompanyBUPA,saystheBritishandU.S.healthcaresystemwouldbreakdownwithoutimmigrantnursesfromthePhilippines,India,Nigeriaandelsewhere.UnlikeDavosMan,shesays,they’renotambivalentaboutbeingstronglypatriotic.PartIVPara9-11DR_Text12NotallDavosMenseekglobalmarkets,either.PatrickSayerrunsaprivateequityfirminFrancecalledEurazeo,andcomplainstherearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld.Sohe’sfocusedEurazeoonitsdomesticmarket.“IprofitfrombeingFrenchinFrance.It’seasierformetododeals,”Sayersays.“It’sthesameelsewhere.Ifyou’renotItalianinItaly,youwon’tsucceed.”Para.10DR_Text15Thatmaysoundlikeanarrownationalism,yetitcontainsahiddenwisdom.RecallthatItalyitselfwas,until1861,notaunifiednationbutanaggregationofcity-states.Despitetensionbetweenitsnorthandsouth,there’snocontradictionbetweenmaintainingmaintainingaregionalidentityandanationalone.MarcoTronchettiProvera,chairmanofTelecomItalia,forexample,canfeelbothMilaneseandItalianatonce,evenasherunsacompanythatisaspiringtobecomeabiggerinternationalpresence.Thequestioniswhetheritwilltakeanother140yearsforDavosMantofigureouthowtostrikethesamebalanceonaglobalscale.InPartIV,afurtherdivisioninthecampofDavosManisillustrated.Some,likePatrickSayer,arelesskeenontheglobalmarketthanothers,becausenationalbordersstillhinderglobaltrade.AR_mainUsefulExpressionsDictationWritingPracticeSentenceTranslationProverbsandQuotationsPictureTalkingWordUnderstandingAR_WritingPractice_mainAbriefintroductionSamplesWritingPracticeHomeworkAR_UsefulExpressions1UsefulExpressions

1.

国家认同nationalidentity2.

扫除sweepaside3.

寻找insearchof4.

狂热信徒aferventbeliever5.认为identify…as6.

毫不迟疑withoutanyhesitation7.

国际商业精英internationalbusinesséliteAR_UsefulExpressions215.

处于…的前沿attheforefrontof8.

少数几位ahandfulof9.

没完没了的认真的讨论endlessearnestdiscussion10.

资本、劳动力和技术的流动flowofcapital,laborandtechnology11.最佳地点themostadvantageouslocations12.

全球超级物种globalsuperspecies13.

与…渐行渐远increasinglydivorcefrom14.

文化断层culturalfaultlineAR_UsefulExpressions3beatapathtoaremarkableenvironmentofinnovationbebasedonprojectionsofdemographicandeconomicgrowthswingawayfromlow-paidmigrantworkershealthcaresystem16.

开辟一条通向…的道路17.一个创新的卓越环境18.根据对各国人口和经济增长的预计19.从…脱离20.低薪流动劳工21.医疗保健体系cross-borderbusiness22.跨国界经营AR_UsefulExpressions4letaloneanarrownationalism23.更别提24.狭隘民族主义AR_SentenceTranslation11.HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan’sglobal-citizenself-imageisstarklyatoddswiththevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremaindeeplycommittedtotheirnation.亨廷顿提出，达沃斯人以全球公民自居的自我形象，与大多数美国人的价值观完全相悖。SentenceTranslation

2. Iftheissueisthesizeofthetotalpie,globalizationhasprovedagoodthing.Iftheissueishowthepieisdivided,ifyou’reintheWesternworldyoucouldquestionthat.如果问题涉及的是整个蛋糕的大小，那全球化已经被证明是件好事。如果问题在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就会质疑全球化。AR_SentenceTranslation23. Thequestioniswhetheritwilltakeanother140yearsforDavosMantofigureouthowtostrikethesamebalanceonaglobalscale.问题是，达沃斯人是否需要再花上140年，才能搞明白如何在全球规模上取得同样的平衡。4.他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由出生地决定的。Bothseetheiridentityasamatterofpersonalchoice,notanaccidentofbirth.AR_SentenceTranslation37.随着边界和对国家的认同变得越来越不重要，有些人将此视作威胁，甚至危险。Asbordersandnationalidentitiesbecomelessimportant,somefindthatthreateningandevendangerous.5.欧洲跨国界经营中还有太多障碍，更别提全球经营了。Therearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld.6.这听上去也许像狭隘民族主义，但内中确大有学问。Thatmaysoundlikeanarrownationalism,yetitcontainsahiddenwisdom.Multiculturalismisaconceptwithmanymeanings.Butitoftenreferstoofimmigrantandminoritygroupsasdistinctcommunities,distinguishablefromthemajoritypopulation.Likebilingualism,multiculturalismprovokes.AdvocatesofmulticulturalismbelievethatmembersofminoritygroupsshouldenjoyequalrightsinAmericansocietywithoutgivinguptheirdiverse.Multiculturaleducationprograms,forinstance,strivetoteachtheAR_dictation1DictationListentothefollowingpassageandfillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.acceptance__________debate______ethniccultures_____________contentofdifferentcultures,tobuildofthesecultures,andtoeliminatediscrimination(歧视).Thehopeistoenablestudentstounderstandhowotherculturesviewtheworld.Multiculturalistsrejecttheideaofaandassimilation(同化);theydismisstheideathatnationalidentitymustbebasedonacommonheritageandvalues.Criticsarguethatmulticulturaleducationamonggroupsmorethanitfosterstoleranceofonegroupforanother.Culturalpluralism,criticscontend,promotesrivalry(敌对)and.AR_dictation2meltingpot__________tolerance________divisions________createsconflict______________Moreover,theyassert,EuropeantraditionsremaincentraltoAmericancultureandinstitutions(风俗).Somecriticsfindmulticulturalismatoken(象征性的)gesturetohidecontinuingdominationofAmericanculturebythemajoritygroup.Othersarguethatofculturaldifferencesandgroupidentitiesdoesnothelpsocialandeconomicdisadvantages.AR_dictation3recognition__________address_______designed________AR_WritingPractice_1.1Coherenceliterallymeans“stickingtogether.”Theelementsofcoherentwriting—thewordsandtheinformationtheyconvey—arerelatedtooneanothersothatreaderscanfollowtheflowofthoughteasilyfromsentencetosentence,paragraphtoparagraph.Theproblemwiththetermcoherenceisthatitsoundsstatic,asifcoherentwritingjustsitstherestickingtogether.Coherenceinwritingactuallyhasadynamicquality,becauseithastodowithmovement:movementofinformationandideas,movementofthereader’schangingperceptionsandknowledge.AbriefintroductionAR_WritingPractice_1.2

Transitionaldevicesusedtoachievecoherenceadditionagain,also,and,andthen,besides,equallyimportant,finally,first,further,furthermore,inaddition,inthefirstplace,last,moreover,next,second,still,toocomparisonalso,inthesameway,likewise,similarlyconcessiongranted,naturally,ofcoursecontrastalthough,andyet,butatthesametime,despitethat,evenso,eventhough,forallthat,however,incontrast,inspiteof,instead,nevertheless,notwithstanding,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,otherwise,regardless,still,though,yetAR_WritingPractice_1.3emphasiscertainly,indeed,infact,ofcourseexampleor

illustrationafterall,asanillustration,even,forexample,forinstance,inconclusion,indeed,infact,inotherwords,inshort,itistrue,ofcourse,namely,specifically,thatis,toillustrate,thus,trulysummaryallinall,altogether,ashasbeensaid,finally,inbrief,inconclusion,inotherwords,inparticular,inshort,insimplerterms,insummary,onthewhole,thatis,therefore,toputitdifferently,tosummarizeAR_WritingPractice_1.4timesequenceafterawhile,afterward,again,also,andthen,aslongas,atlast,atlength,atthattime,before,besides,earlier,eventually,finally,formerly,further,furthermore,inaddition,inthefirstplace,inthepast,last,lately,meanwhile,moreover,next,now,presently,second,shortly,simultaneously,since,sofar,soon,still,subsequently,then,thereafter,too,until,untilnow,whenAR_WritingPractice_2.1SamplesSample1:ParagraphCoherence

Itisalsopossibletoclaimthatinformationtechnologyisplayinganincreasinglyvitalroleineducation.Onewaythishappensisthatmoreandmoreacademicbooksaregeneratedelectronicallyandinconsequencemanystudentsareusingcomputerstostudy.Anadditionalpointisthatcomputertechnologyisfrequentlyusedbystudentstomakepresentationsbothtotheirpeersandprofessors.Indeed,itisprobablytruetosaythatmostcoursesatuniversityrequiresomelevelofcomputerliteracy.AR_WritingPractice_2.2Sample2:

EssayCoherence

Thereisonemajorargumentinfavourofreplacingart,musicandsportonthecurriculumwithsubjectslikeIT.Thisisthatthepurposeofschoolistopreparechildrenfortheirworkinglifeafterschool,sothesubjectsonthecurriculumshouldberelevanttotheirpotentialcareers.Fromthispointofview,ITismuchrelevanttoschoolchildrenastheyneedtobecomputerliterateiftheywanttosurviveintheworkplace.Forexample,itiseasytoseethatwordprocessingandprogrammin