专题03阅读理解C篇（说明文）高考英语真题题源解密（新高考卷）

专题03阅读理解C篇〔说明文〕〔2023·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇〕Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培育)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghighqualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter〞inparagraph3mean?A.Clearup.B.Addon.C.Checkin.D.Takeover.30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.B.Remendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.重点词汇：1.minimalism2.philosophy3.foundation4.increasingly5.intolerable6.conclude7.adopt8.optional9.massive10.encounter11.sustainable12.leisure13.mindless14.toolbox15.minimalist16.particular17.circumstance语篇解读主旨概要本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，提倡简洁的数字生活方式。原文出处DigitalMinimalism_ChoosingaFocusedLifeinaNoisyWorld[2019]CalNewport语言学问词汇默写1.minimalism2.philosophy3.foundation4.increasingly5.intolerable6.conclude7.adopt8.optional9.massive10.encounter11.sustainable12.leisure13.mindless14.toolbox15.minimalist16.particular17.circumstance词汇答案1.minimalismn.(艺术)极简主义2.philosophyn.哲学；哲理3.foundationn.根基；根底；依据；创立；基金(会)4.increasinglyadv.渐渐地；越来越多地5.intolerableadj.无法忍受的；难耐的6.concludevt.推断出；缔结；使结束vi.结束；总结；作打算；作协议7.adoptv.采纳；收养；接受8.optionaladj.任选的9.massiveadj.巨大的；大量的；大规模的；大范围的；严峻的10.encountern.意外的相见；邂逅；遭受v.遭受；遇到；偶然遇到11.sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的；养得起的；可承受的12.leisuren.闲暇；休闲13.mindlessadj.不留神的；不顾虑的；无需动脑的；愚蠢的14.toolboxn.工具箱15.minimalistn.最低限要求者16.particularadj.特定的；专指的；特殊的；特殊的；挑剔的n.详情；细节17.circumstancen.环境；详情；大事；(复数)境况重点短语1.dividesthinto把……分为2.moveon接着，连续3.stepawayfrom远离4.carryout施行；实现5.drawon凭借；动用；引用6.takeacloserlookat深度探究长难句分析1.Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.句意为：这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括具体探究它的要求和为什么有效，然后假如你认为它适合你，教你如何采纳这种哲学。句型分析：该句式简洁句，主干为“Thegoalofthisbookisto…,andthentoteach…〞,其中“includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks〞非谓语动词结构是对前面的名词“digitalminimalism〞进行补充说明。2.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.句意为：在第一局部中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学根底，首先检查了使如此多的人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力气，然后进入了数字极简主义哲学的具体争论。句型分析：句子主干为“Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism〞，其中starting非谓语结构为伴随状语，定语从句“thataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable〞修饰名词forces，“beforemovingonto〞作为时间状语。3.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.句意为：在三十天结束时，你将添加一小局部细心选择的在线活动，你信任这些活动会给你所珍视的东西带来巨大的好处句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“youwillthenaddbackonlineactivities〞，其中定语从句“thatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.〞修饰前面的名词activities。4.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.句意为：在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项试验，在该试验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理。句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“I’lldrawonanexperiment〞，其中定语从句“Iranin2018〞省略了引导词that，修饰experiment，另一个定语从句“inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.〞同样修饰experiment，表示在这个试验中……5.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.句意为：您将听到这些参加者的故事，并了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的哪些陷阱您应当防止。句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearn〞，其中and连接两个宾语从句“whatstrategiesworkedwellforthem〞和“whattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid〞，都作learn的宾语。6.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.句意为：每一章都以一系列实践作为结尾，这些实践旨在关心您实现本章的雄伟设想。句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,〞，其中非限制性定语从句“whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter〞修饰前面的名词practices。7.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.句意为：你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在关心你建立一种适合你特定状况的极简主义生活方式。句型分析：该句为复合句，句子主干为Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolbox，其中“meanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestyle〞非谓语结构为目的状语，定语从句“thatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances〞修饰前面的名词lifestyle。【答案】【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，提倡简洁的数字生活方式。【28题详解】细节理解题。依据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.(这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括具体探究它的要求和为什么有效，然后假如你认为它适合你，教你如何采纳这种哲学)〞可知，这本书的目的是提倡简洁的数字生活方式。应选B。【29题详解】词句猜想题。依据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的细心选择的在线活动)〞可推知，画线词“declutter〞的意思是“清理〞，对在线活动进行清理和选择。应选A。【30题详解】推理推断题。通过文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一局部的最终一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项试验，在该试验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)〞可推知，第一局部的最终一章介绍了试验与数字清理的实际例子。应选C。【31题详解】推理推断题。通过文章最终一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.(你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在关心你建立一种适合自己特定状况的极简主义生活方式)〞可推知，作者建议读者依据需要与实际状况使用其次部分中提及的实践。应选A。〔2023·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇〕ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,〞artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebeeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevenpletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsinmunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21stcenturypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“offline〞activity.28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.29.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A.Wealthandintellect.B.Homeandschool.C.Booksandreading.D.Workandleisure.30Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto〞inparagraph2mean?A.Understand.B.Paint.C.Seize.D.Transform.31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningtheereader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.全文大意?阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术?是对一种日常物品的庆祝——书籍，它在来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术作品中均有表达。读者的形象在历史上始终存在，即使在我们现在所熟知的书籍问世之前，艺术家们就已经以书籍和阅读为题材进行创作。在艺术家们对书籍和阅读的描绘中，我们可以看到超越文化和时代的共享人性的瞬间。在这本"书中之书"中，艺术作品被精选并以一种强调不同时代和文化之间联系的方式进行编排。我们可以看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，书籍成为代表不同代际关系的焦点。成年人在很多场景和姿态中被描绘成单独一人——沉醉在一本书中，深思或沉醉于休闲的时刻。这些场景可能绘制于几百年前，但记录了我们都能产生共鸣的瞬间。书籍本身在绘画中可以被象征性地使用，以展现主题的才智、财宝或。在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍就是宝贵的物品，本身可以成为艺术品。最近，随着书籍变得廉价甚至可以随便丢弃，艺术家们将它们作为艺术品的原材料——将封面、页码甚至整本书转化为绘画和雕塑。通信技术的不断开展曾一度被认为使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看，印刷书确定是古老的，但它仍旧像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有交互性。为了发挥其功能，书籍必需由使用者激活：翻开封面，翻开页面，批阅内容，或许写下笔记或划线。与我们日益网络化的生活形成比照的是，我们消费的信息受到监控和追踪，而印刷书仍旧供应了一个完全私密的、"脱机"的活动时机。语言学问词汇默写1.representation2.shared3.humanity4.selected5.emphasize6.raw17.transform18.sculpture19.outdated20.interactivemonitor26.track27.wholly28.networked词汇答案25.监控26.跟踪27.完全28.网络化的重点短语aroundtheworld全世界2cameintobeing产生3.relateto涉及，和...有关4.incontrastto与...形成对比5eintobeing消失，存在6gobeyondsth超过〔或超出〕某事；7.(be)absorbedinsth被•…吸引住，全神贯注8.deepinthought陷入深思9.belostin陷入⋯⋯10.printingpress11.workofart艺术品12inone’sownright凭借自身的资格13.rawmaterial原材料，素材；14municationtechnology通信技术15pointofview观点，看长难句分析1.ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.句意为：?阅读艺术：献给书籍爱好者的艺术?是对一个日常物品——书籍的庆祝，这里用来代表该书籍的是来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术作品。句型分析：主语：ReadingArt:ArtforBookLovers谓语：is表语acelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook。“representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld〞为过去分词做定语修饰thebook。Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing．句意为：阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍消失之前很久，就己呈现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。句型分析：主语Theimage谓语appears.“throughouthistory〞和“inart...〞作状语，madelongbeforebookscameintobeing作后置定语，修饰art;aswenowknowthem为插入语。Morerecently,asbookshavebeeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworkstransformingcovers,pagesorevenpletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.句意为：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随便丢弃，艺术家们己经将书籍用作艺术品的原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。本句为主从复合句，主句的主语artists谓语haveused宾语them介词短语astherawmaterialforartwork做状语soas引导缘由状语从句，主句后的动词ing短语作伴随状语。【答案】28.B29.C30.A31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。【28题详解】推理推断题。通读全文，再依据文章第一段“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.(ReadingArt:ArtforBookLovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)〞以及倒数其次段“Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.(在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是宝贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)〞可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。应选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。通过文章其次段“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)〞可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。应选C。【30题详解】词句猜想题。依据画线词上文“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)〞以及“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmoments(这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)〞可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relateto〞意思最相近的为A项“理解、熟悉到〞。应选A。【31题详解】推理推断题。通过文章最终一段“itremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader(它仍旧像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)〞以及“printedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“offline〞activity(印刷书籍仍旧供应了完全私人的“离线〞活动的时机)〞可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。应选A。【命题意图】试卷所选阅读语篇围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境。2023年新课标I卷阅读理解C篇叙述了叙述数字时代的极简生活，文章中提到的30天不用，用这个时间开展自己的爱好爱好，回归极简生活，专业词汇多，解题有肯定难度。阅读素材，考查整体阅读与深度阅读的力量，需要从头到尾理解文章，而不单单从字面搜寻信息。C篇，提到了digitalminimalism“数码极简〞以及solitude独处的妙处，是对现在人们过度依靠数码产品，依靠网络以及把过多时间消耗在缺乏思索的设备之上的一种反思，也是转变这样生活方式的一种温柔呼吁。2023年新课标II卷阅读阅读C篇说明文，主要介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的保藏品的的一本书ReadingArt:ArtforBookLovers。书中以艺术作品的形式记录了不同时期人们阅读的场景，论述了在通信技术兴旺的现在，纸质书仍旧具有互动性，并没有过时。引导同学养成宠爱读书、擅长求知的学习习惯。【考查要点】2023年新课标I卷阅读C篇文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，提倡简洁的数字生活方式。主要考查同学细节理解力量、词义猜想力量和推理推断力量；细节理解题1题，词义猜想1题、推理推断题2题。2023年新课标II卷阅读C篇，文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。主要考查同学细节理解力量和推理推断力量、词义猜想力量。细节理解题1道题，推理推断题2道，词义猜想题1道。【课标链接】依据新课程标准阅读理解局部试题考查的就是对语篇重要细节信息和关键信息的理解和推断力量。深化考查根底语言学问旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，关心同学把握语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等根底语言学问，了解根底文化学问；引导同学深化学习和理解语篇所表达的主题意义，养成肯定的语言意识和英语语感。【1】〔2022·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇〕Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80yearoldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.〞“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.〞“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentseandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.〞Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallyweletheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.〞LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.〞28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovideparttimejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon〞meaninparagraph7?A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要叙述了旨在削减孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的工程。【28题详解】推理推断题。依据文章其次段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(该工程由当地一家慈善机构设想，旨在削减孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)〞可知，这个工程的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。应选D。【29题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第五段““It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentseandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.〞(有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我宠爱制造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)〞可推知，RuthXavier通过该工程获得了一种成就感。应选B。【30题详解】词义猜想题。依据文章倒数其次段“Residentsreallyweletheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们特别欢送该工程的想法和创意会议。我们期盼这个工程能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)〞以及划线处前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)〞可知WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin(开头)〞含义相近。应选C。【31题详解】推理推断题。依据文章倒数其次段“Residentsreallyweletheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们特别欢送该工程的想法和创意会议。我们期盼这个工程能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)〞以及最终一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.〞(“诺丁山路径〞的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很快乐能参加这个工程。它将通过共同的爱好和制造性活动真正关心我们的居民联系起来)〞可知，该工程的反响很好。应选A。【2】〔2022·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇〕Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted〔分心〕drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shandsfreedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,〞saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhandhelddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbeeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHandHeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.B【解析】【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用造成“分神〞，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出访用Textalyzer〔短信监控器〕的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了。【28题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.〞〔在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共效劳活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下。〕以及其次段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.〞〔然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题好像都在恶化。〕可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下，可是状况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的〞，与此相符。应选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。依据倒数其次段中“Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shandsfreedrivinglaws.〞〔这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。〕可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B选项意为“是否司机使用了。〞与此相符，应选B。【30题详解】词义猜想题。依据句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.〞〔我们需要一些能转变人们行为的东西，〕可知，something是能够转变人们的行为的事情。依据下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbeeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.〞〔他说，假如Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更可怕拿起。〕可知，人们的行为会转变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩处，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用。故something指代的是法律。应选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和其次段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下。可是问题却越来越严峻〞。第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore.〞〔局部缘由是开车的人越来越多〕可知，解释了该行为产生的局部缘由。第四段至第五段叙述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了。最终一段叙述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的转变人们的行为。故B选项TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer〔发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。〕适合文章的标题。应选B。【3】〔2021·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇〕WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding〞Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstoe.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate〞meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.31.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文叙述了鸭票的故事，由于移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致水禽骤减，因此发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购置了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的局部收入进入到了用于购置水禽栖息地的基金，从而爱护了水禽。【28题详解】细节理解题。依据第一段“Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.〞可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地削减了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的削减导致了水禽数量的下降，应选A。【29题详解】词义猜想题。依据前一句“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.〞可知，北美的土著人把这些宝贵的自然资源爱护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately〞可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏〞。A.Acquire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏；D.Distribute安排。应选C。【30题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段“Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.〞可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购置了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，政府获得了大量的资金，应选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。依据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的开展导致水禽骤减，因此发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购置了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的局部收入进入到了用于购置水禽栖息地的基金，从而爱护了水禽，故可知，本文叙述鸭票的故事，应选A。【4】〔2021·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇〕ABritishwomanwhowonaS1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshew