名词性从句专项练习

主语从句

表语从句

宾语从句

同位语从句它的功能相当于名词名词性从句She

missed

us

very

much.She

was

writing

a

letter.She

would

visit

the

GreatWall.She

said

that宾语从句老师说光比声传播快The

teacher

said

that

lighttravelsmuchfaster

thansound.老人说太阳东方升起西方落下The

old

man

said

the

sunrisesin

theeast

and

setsin

thewest.我告诉他我马上回来I

told

him

(that)

I

would

come

back

soon.他说他已经读完这部小说He

said

(that)he

hadfinishedreading

this

novel.他说他还要再借一本Hesaid

(that)thathewould

borrowanother

one.注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句,或有插入语时不能省略that.)He

said

(that)

he

had

finished

reading

thisnovel

and

that

he

would

borrow

another

one.他告诉我他会来并将准时来.He

told

me（

that）

he

wouldcomeand

that

he

would

come

ontime.他们装作在房间里读书They

pretended

that

they

werereading

in

the

room.当that引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，需用先行词it

作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，

that

不能省略。我们认为他生病是可能的We

consider

it

possible

that

he

is

ill.我们认为小王昨天没来很奇怪We

thought

it

strange

that

XiaoWang

did

not

come

yesterday.他清楚表明任何人违法都将受到惩罚He

has

made

it

clear

that

anyonewho

breaks

the

law

is

to

bepunished.这种句型的谓语动词有think,

make,

feel,find,consider.由wh-疑问词引导。我们完全理解他所说的We

fully

understood

what

he

meant.去问问他昨天为什么晚了Go

and

ask

why

he

was

lateyesterday.我问他进展的咋样I

asked

how

he

was

getting

on.我们选任何适合的人We

will

choose

whoever

is

fit.我不知道你在谈论啥I

didn’t

know

what

they

weretalking

about.你知道冬天为啥比夏天冷吗？Do

you

know

why

winter

iscolder

than

summer?他不能说出他家在哪儿He

couldn’t

tell

where

his

home

was.约翰让小孩坐着不动，保证啥也伤害不了他John

made

the

boy

sit

still,promising

that

nothing

would

hurt

him.他问我忙不忙He

askedme

whether

or

not

I

wasbusy.whether与if有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用whether.当whether后紧跟or/or

not时,不用if.I

don’t

know

whether

I

will

stayor

not.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.I

worry

about

whether

I

hurt

her

feelings.1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句1)介词后的宾从.一切都靠明天天气是否好is

fineEverything

depends

on

whether

ittomorrow.2)whether…or

not的宾从.我不知道她是否会喜欢它I

don’t

know

whether

or

not

she’ll

like

it.复合不定式只能用whether.告诉我是去是留Tell

us

whether

to

go

or

stay

here.习惯上作discuss的宾从只用whether. 但:宾语从句否定时常用if引导.他问你是否去见他He

asked

if

you

would

not

go

andseehim.这类形容词常见的有sure,

certain,

glad,pleased,happy,afraid,

surprised,satisfied等。我肯定那晚你看起来非常漂亮I

am

sure

you

looked

beautiful

that

evening.我们一点不奇怪他比期望的晚回来3天We

were

not

surprised

that

he

returnedthree

days

later

than

expected.用作某些形容词的宾语从句大家都怕有人会发现他啥也看不见Everyone

was

afraid

that

someonemightfind

out

that

he

could

see

nothing.母亲非常高兴女儿通过入学考试Mother

was

very

pleased(that)

herdaughter

had

passed

the

entranceexams.二、主语从句(1)他能来是肯定的That

he

will

come

is

certain.(2)

她是否能来没关系Whethershe

iscoming

or

notdoesn’t

matter

too

much.(3)

使我最吃惊的是看见一些村民坐在教室后面.What

surprised

me

mostwasto

see

some

of

the

village

peopleseated

on

the

benches

at

theendof

theroom.哪个队会赢得比赛是公众关心的事Which

team

will

winthe

match

is

amatter

of

public

concern.他去哪了还不知道Where

he

has

gone

is

not

knownyet.当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用it

作形式主语。以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：1.

It+be+形容词+that从句certain/clearimportantnecessaryprobablepossibleIt

is/wasthat

–

clause她会考好是肯定的了Itiscertain

that

she

will

dowell

in

her

exam.他告诉我一切是可能的It

is

probable

that

hetoldmeeverything.2、It+be+名词词组+that从句pityshamedutyIt

is

a

pitythatwe

can’t

go.It

is

no

surprise

that

our

team

should have

won

the

game.It

is

/

was

athat

–

clause3、It+be+过去分词+that从句saidreportedthoughthope

dbelievedknownthat

–

clauseIt

is据说他是班级最好的学生It is

said

that

he

is

the

beststudent

in

the

class.据认为乔驾车很差It is

thought

that

Joe

drivesbadly.4、It+seem,happen,appear等不及物动词+that从句。看起来爱丽丝根本不能去舞会It

seems

that

Alice

is

not

coming

tothe

party

atall.碰巧我那天外出It

happened

that

I

was

out

that

day.3.表语从句在引句导中表作语表从语句的的句关子联叫词表与语引从导句。主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as

if,

because

引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句这就是汤姆所所读的This

was

what

Tom

was

reading.事实是我从来没去过那里The

truth

isthat

I

have

never

been

there.看起来好像要下雨It

looks

as

if

it

is

going

torain.这就是他怎样克服这些困难This

is

how

we

overcame

thedifficulties.那就是她昨天为啥缺席Thatis

why

shewas

absent

yesterday.这房子就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方The

house

is

whereLu

Xun

oncelived.事实是我们输了比赛The

fact

is

that

we

have

lost

the

game.那就是我想要的That’s

just

what

I

want.这就是我们的问题所在This

is

where

our

problem

lies.那就是他为啥没来开会That

is

why

he

didn’t

come

to

the

meeting.当.主语为it,that,this时,because可以引导句子,出现在表语的位置上.否则,because应引导原因状语从句.这是因为我们夏天离太阳近It

is

because

we

are

closer

to

the

sunin

summer.这是因为他违法了This

is

becausehebroke

the

law.这是因为他没赶上火车Thisis

becausehemissedthe

train他来晚的原因是他差一分钟没赶上火车Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthat

he

missedthetrain

byoneminutethismorning.需要注意的是，当主语是reason

时，

表语从句要用that引导而不是because。他缺席的原因是前天睡的太晚早晨没起来The

reason

of

hisabsenceis

thathe

stayed

up

too

late

the

night

beforeand

could

not

get

upthat

morning.他来晚的原因是他起床晚了The

reasonwhyhewas

late

wasthat

he

got

up

late.表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.但:1.

that引导表语从句时不能省.if不能引导表语从句.seem,appear后可接that引导的从句,而look则不可.这三个词后都可用as

if

/

as though

引导从句.It

seems

/

appears

that

he

was

late

for

thetrain

yesterday.It

seems

/

appears

/

looks

as

if

we

have

to

gohome

on

foot.看起来好像要下雨It

looks

as

ifit

is

going

torain功能例词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何作用。that,

whether,if，as

if（只用于表词从句）连接代词既起连接作用，本身又做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。Who,

whom,

whose,what,

which连接副词既起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语。when,

where,

why,how用how组成的词组，如：how

many,

how

much引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact,news,hope,truth,

idea,

suggestion,thought,

question,order,problem,belief,doubt,fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether,what,why,how…等。四、同位语从句Two

thirds

of

all

girls

in

Britain

are

on

a

diet./

The

fact

worries

their

parents and

teachers

a

lot.The

fact

that

two

thirds

of

all

girls

are

on

a

dietworries

their

parents

and

teachers

a

lot.The

Queen

of

England

was

on

a

three-day

visit

in

China./

We

heard

the

news

last

night.We

heard

the

news

last

night

that

the

Queen

ofEngland

was

on

a

three-day

visit

in

China.3.Teenagers

should

not

spend

too

much

time

online./Many

British

parents

hold

the

view.Many

British

parents

hold

the

view

that

teenagersshouldn’t

spend

too

much

time

online.Time

travel

is

possible./

There

is

no

scientific

proof

forthe

idea.There

is

no

scientific

proof

for

the

idea

that

time

travelis

possible.Chinese

students

should

be

given

more

freetime./The

suggestion

is edbymany

people,

especiallykids

in

school.The

suggestion

that

Chinese

students

should

begivenmore

free

time

is ed

by

many

people,

especiallykids

in

school.他们表达他们要再来参观中国的愿望They

expressed

the

hope

that

they

wouldcome

over

to

visit

China

again.我们都知道地球围绕太阳转的事实We

all

know

the

truth

that

the

earth

goesround

the

sun.他啥也没说的事实使我们很吃惊The

fact

that

she

had

not

said

anythingsurprised

all

of

us.他们问我这工作值不值得做的问题

They

asked

me

the

questionwhether

theworkwasworth

doing.这是否对的问题还没定论The

problem

whether

it

is

rightorwrong

hasnot

yet

beendecided.我不知道她什么时候回来I

have

no

ideawhen

she

will

be

back.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。I

hadno

ideathat

youwerehere.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）Have

you

got

the

idea（that）this

bookgives

you

of

life

in

ancientGreece？(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）试比较：He

put

forward

the

suggestionthat

the

second

question

should

bediscussed

first.（同位语从句）The

suggestionthat

he

had

putforward

was

turn

down.（定语从句）注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分。下面就运用名词性从句时

要注意的几个方面作归纳：1.语序在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句(what,who,which,when,where,now,why等),不可用特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。如：I

wonder

who

she

is.The

question

iswhen

we’ll completetheworks.

Whether

she

is

comingor

notdoesn’t

matter

toomuch.2.

时态：学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。(2)、在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性。关键要注意动作发生的先后关系。如：Who

will

be

sent

abroadhas

not

been

decided.（主句是现在完成时，从句是一般将来时）The

earth

of

today

is

notwhat

it

was

millions

of

years

ago.（主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过去时)3、几组易混引导词的区别(1)

What与that在句词性从句中，what和that都可作关连词，其区别在于：what在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所…的事（物、话），相当于thething

that或which。that本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的that经常省略。如：你所做的可能伤害别人What

you

have

done

might

do

harm

toothers.所引起这个事故的是一个神奇What

causedthe

accident

isa

completemystery.我认为你会喜欢这枚邮票I

think(that)

youwill

likethestamps.(2) whether

和if的区别：whether和if引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用whether不用if。直接与or

not

边用时，只用whether,不用ifI

don’t

know

whether

or

not

he’ll

come.介词后面的宾语从句用whether,不用ifEverything

depends

on

whether

thesituation

will

improve.引导的宾语从句放在句首时，用whether,不用ifWhether

he

has

stolen

the

money,

I

don’t

know.••Whether

we’ll

go

depends

on

the

weather.The

question

is

whether

it

is

worth

doing.(6)某些动词，如discuss等后习惯上只用whether引导宾语从句，不用ifWe

discussed

whether

we

should

hold

a

meeting.(4)whether

可用在不定式前，if

则不能.Please

tell

mewhether

togoor

not.（5）引导主语从句和表语从句以及同位语从句用whether不用ifWhether和if引导的宾语从句时，二者常可互换。Idon’tknow

if/whetheryou

aresatisfied

with

yourwork.注意引导否定的宾语从句时，通常用if

不用whetherI

don’tcareifitdoesn’t

rain.doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用

whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that

引导名词性从句。besure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。I

don’t

doubt

(that)

youwillsucceed.I

don’tknow

wh