Unit1Part1ReadingandthinkingListeningandspeaking预习导学探究提升-高二英语学与练（人教版2019选择性）

Unit1PeopleofAchievementPart1Readingandthinking&Listeningandspeaking预习导学预习导学重点单词1．n．生理学；生理机能2．ladj.至关重要的；关键性的[思维拓展]crucialfactor/issue/decision关键性的因素/问题/决定becrucialto/forsth.对……至关重要becrucialthat...……是极其重要的[即时训练]Winningthiscontractiscrucialthesuccessofthecompany.adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的[思维拓展]bevitalto/forsth.对……极为重要的Itisvitaltodosth.做……很重要Itisvitalthat...……是十分重要的It'svitalthatwe(should)carryouttheoperationimmediately.我们应立即开始手术，因为这是生死攸关的。[误区警示]Itisvital＋that...句型中从句要用should＋do虚拟结构，should可省略。[即时训练]Itisvital(keep)anaccuraterecordofeverytransaction.vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→adj.尽心尽力的；坚定，坚信的→n．投入，奉献；承诺，许诺，保证[思维拓展]commitv．犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证commitsb./sth.tosth.将某人/事交给某处保留commitsb./oneselftosth./doingsth./todosth.承诺(做)某事commitmentn.承诺；交托；信奉committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的committeen．委员会[即时训练]①Givingupmyjobtogobacktofull－timeeducationwasabigcommitment(commit)，butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIhadevermade.②Mostcrimes(commit)byyoungmen.5．n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→adj.学业的；学术的6．n．目标；目的adj.客观的→adj.主观的7．adj.植物学的8．vt.评价；评估→n．评价；评估[典型例句]Icannotevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.没见过他的工作，我无法评估他的能力。Learntoevaluateallsituationsyoufind.学着去评估你发现的所有情况。[即时训练]①Ourresearchattempts(evaluation)theeffectivenessofthedifferentdrugs.②One'scontributionsandmistakeswill(evaluate)bylatergenerations.9．n．性质；特征；财产10．adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→n．区别，差别；特点，特性[典型例句]Hisvoicewasquietbuteverywordwasdistinct.他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。[思维拓展]distinctionn．差别；区分；卓著Weshouldlearntomakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong.我们应该学会分清是非。ShehadthedistinctionofbeingthefirstwomantoflytheAtlantic.她不同凡响，是第一个飞越大西洋的女子。[即时训练]Thenewlawmakesno(distinct)betweenadultsandchildren.11．n．提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出12．vt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n．沸腾；沸点→adj.达到沸点的；沸腾的13．n．液体adj.液体的；液态的→n．固体adj.牢固的，可靠的14．vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行[思维拓展]acknowledgedoingsth.承认做了某事Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...……是大家公认的acknowledgeoneselfbeaten承认失败acknowledgesb.向某人打招呼，问候acknowledgesb.'sletter向某人表示信已收到acknowledgesb./sth.tobe...承认某人/某物是……；认为……是acknowledgethat承认……acknowledgesb.as...＝认为/接受某人是/成为……acknowledgesth.以……感谢某人acknowledgementn．承认；感谢[即时训练]ProfessorEdwardiswidely(acknowledge)asthebesttutorinteachingthestudentshowtoreviseessays.15．vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→n．承认，确认；鸣谢16．n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜[易混辨析]defeat,beat,windefeat击败，强调过程和结果宾语是对手beat打败；(连续)击打宾语是对手win赢得；获胜宾语是game或prize等[即时训练]Thenavyplayedalimitedbutsignificantrolein(defeat)therebellion.vt.分析→n．分析→n．[pl.]分析[思维拓展]analysisn．分析，它的复数形式是analyses。analysableadj.可分析的；可分解的Hisanalysiswasalwaysconvincing.他的分析总是令人信服的。Iwantadetailedreportofalltheanalyses.我想要一份所有分析的详细报告。Manycompoundsareanalysable.许多化合物是可分解的。[即时训练]Theycollectbloodsamplesfor(analyse)atanationallaboratory.adv.显而易见；看来；显然→adj.显然的；表面上的[思维拓展]apparentadj.显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的；表面上的Itwasapparentfromherfacethatshewasreallyexcited.从她脸上一眼就可以看出她的确很兴奋。Itsoonbecameapparenttoallthathecouldn'tsolvetheproblem.很快大家就明白了他无法解决这个问题。[即时训练](apparent)theyaregettingdivorcedsoon.19．n．物质；物品；事实根据20．vi.&.vt坚持；坚决要求[思维拓展]insistonsth.坚决要求某事；坚持说某事insiston/upondoingsth.坚持要做某事insiston/uponone'sdoingsth.坚持要求某人做某事[特别提示]insist的词义不同，其后的宾语从句形式也不同：词意宾语从句坚持要求宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语是“(should＋)do”结构。坚持认为；坚持说宾语从句使用陈述语气。InsistingthatTomhadstolenhiscar,SmithinsistedthatTom(should)beputinprison.由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的车，史密斯坚持要求把汤姆送进监狱。[即时训练]①Ifyouinsiston/uponleavingnow,pleasegoahead.②Heinsiststhatshecome(come)．21．adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→n．科学家→n．科学22．adv.主要地；一般地23．n．结论；推论→vt.推断出，断定；终止，结束[思维拓展]makeaconclusion下结论cometo/draw/arriveat/reacha/theconclusion得出结论inconclusion(＝toconclude)最后，总之(常作插入语)jump/leaptoconclusions/theconclusionthat...匆忙下结论，贸然断定concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出conclude(sth.)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(withsth.,bydoingsth.))以……结束(……)concludeeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.fromsth.,fromsth.that...))(从……)推断出/断定……conclude...(tobe)．..断定……(是)……Letusconcludeourmeetingwithasong.请让我们用一首歌来结束我们的会议。Whatdoyouconcludefromthefacts?从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？[即时训练]I'vecometothe(conclude)thathe'snottherightpersonforthejob.24．vi.&vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑25．n．[usuallypl.]条件；环境；状况[思维拓展]in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下，既然如此in/undernocircumstances决不，无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)[即时训练]①—CanIusethetelephoneonthetable，sir?—Undernocircumstances(be)anyoneallowedtousethetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.②Thecompanyreservestherighttocancelthisagreementincertain(circumstance)．26．n．小说家→n．(长篇)小说27．n．流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动28．n．图表vt.记录；制订计划重点短语1．commitoneselfdo承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2．insist坚决要求3．wearandtear4．payattention注意[思维拓展]give/payattentionto(doing)．..注意……catch/attractone'sattention引起某人的注意bringsth.toone'sattention使某人注意某事(物)draw/callone'sattentiontosth.使某人注意某事(物)fixone'sattentiononsth.把某人的注意力集中在某事(物)上[即时训练]Youmustpayattentionto(protect)theenvironment.5．lead导致6．die死于……病7．graduate毕业于8．theobjectiveof以……为目的[思维拓展]themain/primary/principleobjective主要/首要/重要目标meet/achieveyourobjective实现你的目标setobjectives设立目标withthehopeof怀有……的希望withthepurposeof怀有……的目的withtheaimof怀有……的目的withtheintentionof有……的意向[即时训练]ManypeoplewenttoCaliforniatheobjectiveofgettingrich.9．acknowledgedefeat10．get卡住，陷入11．chance偶然[思维拓展]takeachance冒险takeone'schances碰运气Wetookachanceontheweathertohavethepartyoutside.我们冒着天气变化的危险到户外聚会。Hetookhischancestofindajobinabigcity.他到一座大城市去碰运气找工作。[即时训练]AnartistwhowasrecentlytravelingonaferrytothesouthernislanddiscoveredchancealonglostantiqueGreekvase.12．draw抽出；拖延，拉长13．than除……之外14．relate与……有联系15．bedistinct与……不同16．one'smind改变主意[思维拓展]makeupone'smind下决心loseone'smind发疯keepsth.inmind记住某事tomymind在我看来bring/callsth.tomind回想起某事nevermind没关系[即时训练]Weareplanningtoclimbthemountain,buthechangedmindandwenttoanotherplace.17．care关心，在意18．beyondone'scontrol19．underconstruction20．flowchart探究提升探究提升重点句型eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andis_thought_to_save100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。[句式分析]bethoughttodosth.被认为……，该句型可以转化为Itis/wasthoughtthat...。本句可以转化为：Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,anditisthoughtthatArtemisininsaves100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.。Atschoolhewasthoughttohaveanattitudeproblem.(＝Itwasthoughtthathehadanattitudeproblematschool.)上学时他被认为态度有问题。Landanimalsarethoughttohavedevelopedfromseaanimals.(＝Itwasthoughtthatlandanimalshavedevelopedfromseaanimals.)陆地动物被认为是从海洋动物进化而来的。[即时训练]He'sthought(be)oneoftherichestmeninEurope.In1967，theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria，andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。eq\a\vs4\al()[句式分析](1)这是一个由and连接而成的并列复合句。介词短语withtheobjective...作第一个分句的状语，表示目的。短语中的objective也可用aim、purpose、goal等替换。(2)第二个分句中chosen是过去分词用作定语，修饰thefirstresearchers。[思维拓展]过去分词(短语)作定语的用法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①可表示被动和动作已完成,②单个过去分词作定语时多前置，过去分词短语作定语,时多后置,③过去分词短语作后置定语时可转化为定语从句))Abalanceddietprovidesnutritionforyourbody.均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。HaveyoureadthenovelswrittenbyDickens(＝whichwerewrittenbyDickens)?你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？[即时训练]①Youcannotacceptanopinion(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.②Thegarden(surround)byalongfencebelongstomyaunt.Upon_hearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid...当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……[句式分析]在本句中，“介词upon＋动词­ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。upon还可换为介词on，表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”。Upongraduating,hejoinedasmalllawfirm.一毕业他就加入了一个小型律师事务所。Uponfinishingit,IwasstruckbythefeelingthatitwasthebestcompositionIhadeverwritten.我写完这篇作文时，就感到这是我写过的最好的作文。[即时训练]Upon/Ontheirreturntothecountry,thewomen'svolleyballteamreceivedpraiseandflowers.eq\o(\s\up1(4),\s\do5())ItstruckhimthattheotherChinesemeninthephotoapparentlydidnotcareaboutwhatwashappeningtotheirfellowcountrymen.令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。eq\a\vs4\al()[句式分析](1)在本句中，It是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。it作形式主语的常见句型：①Itis＋名词(afact，agoodidea,apity,ashame,nowonder)＋主语从句②Itis＋形容词(necessary,clear,strange,important,wonderful)＋主语从句③It＋不及物动词(happens，doesn'tmatter，occurstosb.)＋主语从句④Itis＋过去分词(reported，hoped，thought，said，expected，believed)＋主语从句Itisimportantthatheshouldknowaboutthis.重要的是他应该知道此事。ItissaidthathehasgonetoShanghai.据说他已经去了上海。(2)本句中“Itstruckhimthat”表示“他突然感到(觉得)……”。struck可用hit/occuredto替换。如：Ithit/struck/occurredtomethatIhadmethimsomewhere.我突然想到以前在什么地方见过他。Itstruckmethatshehadcometoborrowmoney.我忽然想到她是来借钱的。(3)句中whatwashappeningtotheirfellowcountrymen是what引导的名词性从句，作介词about的宾语。what引导的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.是什么引发了这起事故还不知道。(引导主语从句，在从句中作主语)Thisbookwillshowyouwhatshouldbeknownbygoodteachers.这本书会告诉你优秀的教师应该了解什么。(引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语)Ourcityisn'twhatitusedtobe.我们的城市不再