西方思想经典-南京大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

西方思想经典_南京大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年Bacon’stheoryofknowledgediffersfromPlato’sinthat______.

参考答案:

hestressestheimportanceofexperience

Inthelate1970s,thecentralissuesofwomen’sliberationmovementintheU.S.didNOTinclude__________.

参考答案:

education_professionaldevelopment_suffrage

“Femininity”ortheso-calledfemalecharacteristicsmayincludethefollowing___________.

参考答案:

irresponsible_frivolous_infantile

CartesianDualismarguesthattheworldismadeupof_____.

参考答案:

mindandmatter

“Existenceprecedesessence”stresses___________.

参考答案:

concretenessandfluidityofhumanexistence

AccordingtoMartinLuther,only__________________ensuressalvation.

参考答案:

faith

Webercallstheurgetofulfiltheworldlyobligations“calling,”namely,________.

参考答案:

totakeimmediateactionsandperformduty

Vico’sprincipleofverumfactumthatabsoluteknowledgecanonlybeverifiedbythecreatorindicates___.

参考答案:

therealmofknowledgemanifestsitselfinitsdiversityandrichness

AccordingtoBrunoLatour,sciencestudiesshouldturnfrom“mattersoffact”toward“_________.”

参考答案:

mattersofconcern

Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/areFalse,accordingtoSontag?

参考答案:

Menshouldtakealltheresponsibilitiesforreducingwomentoobjects._Womenshouldtryhardtostayasyoungaspossible,otherwisetheywilllosethebattleagainstmen._Menarenotsubjecttoanypressureoftakingcareoftheirlooks,becausethisiswhat“masculinity"isallabout.

Bacon’stechniqueof“gradualascent”referstoagradualascent,orincrease,of______.

参考答案:

thegeneralityofone’stheory

_________,aconceptdevelopedbyJohnCalvin,referstothebeliefthatGodchooseswhomtoredeem.

参考答案:

Predestination

JudithButlerbelievesthatpracticesof___mayrevealtheperformativestatusofgender.

参考答案:

parody

Galileo,withhistelescope,helpedprovethevalidityof____modelagainst____model.

参考答案:

Copernicus’sheliocentric;Aristotle’sgeocentric

By“TheintentionoftheHolyGhostistoteachushowonegoestoheaven,nothowheavengoes”,Galileomeans________

参考答案:

oneshouldnottaketheBibletooliterally

Whichofthefollowingisadefensemechanism?

参考答案:

repression_regression_rationalization

Butlerusestheterm“_______”toemphasizethatthesubjectiscreatedbycitation.

参考答案:

subject-effect

Theword“queer”inqueertheoryreferstosomethingfundamentally_______.

参考答案:

non-essential

Butlerbelievesthatpracticesof_____mayrevealtheperformativestatusofgender.

参考答案:

parody

Accordingto____,“oneisnotborn,butbecomes,awoman.”

参考答案:

SimonedeBeauvoir

“BodyPolitics”canbeappliedtoaccountfor_______________.

参考答案:

thepracticesandpoliciesthroughwhichthesocietyregulatesthehumanbody

Plato’sallegoryofthecaveimpliesthat___________.

参考答案:

welivefigurativelyinalargersocietalcavernandhavetoworkhardtogetoutofit

WhatisFreud'suniquemethodinstudyingpsychologicaldisorders?

参考答案:

Heprobesintohumans’minds

InhisNinety-fiveTheses,Luthercriticized_________forsellingindulgences.

参考答案:

theCatholicchurch

GalileoiscalledtheFatherofModernSciencebecausehe_____.

参考答案:

calledfortheindependenceofscientificenquiry

Sciencehastodealwiththeexternalforceswhichgoagainstit,exemplifiedbypeoplesuchas_______

参考答案:

Giambattista

Vico

TheStructureofScientificRevolutions,publishedin1962byThomasKuhn,markedthe“subjectiveturn”inthephilosophyofscience,characterizedby___________.

参考答案:

ashiftfromnaturetotherelationofnatureandman

“TheScienceWars”tookplaceinthe__________________todebatethenatureandmeaningofscience.

参考答案:

1990s

TheSokalaffairreferstoanAmericanphysicist’spublishedparodyof______thinking.

参考答案:

postmodernist

Sinceman’sunderstandingofhumansocietyispartial,Vicoargues,humanknowledgeshouldalsoinclude______

参考答案:

myths_literature_legends

Whichofthefollowingisthestageofdevelopmentforscience?

参考答案:

normalscience_prescience_crisis

Aroundtheturnofthe20thcentury,anew“scientificrevolution”tookplace,involvingthefollowing___________.

参考答案:

WernerHeisenberg_AlbertEinstein_NielsBohr

ThenewacademicfieldScienceandTechnologyStudies(STS)takesa_____approachtoscienceanditswayofproduction.

参考答案:

sociological

Inherbook,JudithButlertookalinguisticturntodiscusstheperformativityofgenderanddistinguishitfromperformance.

参考答案:

BodiesThatMatter

GiambattistaVicoconceptofscienceis“new”inthat___________.

参考答案:

ittakesmanintoconsiderationforanunderstandingofscience

AccordingtoMachiavelli,aprinceoughttopaythegreatestattentiontowaranditsrulesanddiscipline,becausethiswill____.

参考答案:

helphimacquireandmaintainpower

TheRenaissanceManbyGiovanniPicoisbestrepresentedby____.

参考答案:

the

seedsofallpossibilitiesbestowedbyGod

Theideologyof“progressiveimperialism”ismisleadingmainlybecauseit______.

参考答案:

providedamoraljustificationforimperialismasanobleenterprise

Asahumanistandliberalist,JohnStuartMillsupportedallthefollowingexcept_____.

参考答案:

thebeliefthatallmenarecreatedequal

TheproblemwithSubjectivismisthat___________.

参考答案:

theunstrainedsubjectivitywilloverlooktheexistenceofobjectivereality

Bacon’smethodofinductionproposesthatinscience,oneshouldproceed_____.

参考答案:

fromspecificstogeneral

MaxWebersaythatasceticProtestantismcontributestotheriseofmarket-drivencapitalismbecauseofthefollowingreasonsexcept_______.

参考答案:

pursuitofmaterialityandgreed

TheEnglishword"Bible"means______.

参考答案:

thebooks

Whatdoes"testament"meanintheBible?

参考答案:

covenant

Scholasticismhasalottodowith______.

参考答案:

theinterpretationoftheChristianBible

Augustine’sChristianphilosophyis________innature.

参考答案:

Platonic

ThomasAquinasisbestknownforhiscombinationof__________withChristiantheology.

参考答案:

Aristotle’sscience

WhatisthepurposeofMartinLuther'sNinety-fiveTheses?

参考答案:

Toquestionthecorruptchurchpracticeofsellingindulgences

IntheBible,TheApocalypse(meaning“revelation”)isalsocalled_______.

参考答案:

TheFinalJudgment

WhatarethecoretenetsrepeatedlyemphasizedintheOldTestament?

参考答案:

thesignificanceandvalueofsuffering_theimportanceofdevoutnessandvirtue_integrityandrighteousness

TheProtestantReformationwasnotignitedbythe________.

参考答案:

thedisagreementonleadership_theproblematicsurvivalofChristianity_theinfluencefrompolitics

Calvinismandcapitalismbelongtodifferentmindsetnotbecause_______.

参考答案:

Capitalismisunworldlyandspiritual,andProtestantismstandsformaterialityandgreed_Capitalismisgreedyandspiritual,andProtestantismstandsformaterialityandunworldliness_Capitalismisunworldlyandgreedy,andProtestantismstandsformaterialityandspirituality

ThescholasticismofSt.ThomasAquinasisknownforitscombinationof___.

参考答案:

Aristotle’ssciencewiththeChristianfaith

Asceticismisalifestylethatisnotasscoiatedwith___________.

参考答案:

developinganobsessionwithbodilygratification_permittingunionwiththedivine_releasingthesoulfrombondagetothebody

Platoinsiststhatknowledgebecertainandinfallible,andhecallsthis_______.

参考答案:

Form

Platoisknownforhisfamousallegoryofthecave,whichtellsusthat________.

参考答案:

weshouldgetoutofthecaveandgainenlightenment

Baconisa(n)_____statesmanwholivedin______.

参考答案:

English;theRenaissanceperiod

Baconidentifiesfour“Idols”,inotherwords,______.

参考答案:

impedimentstoclearhumanreasoning

Epistemologydealswiththefollowingquestions,including_____.

参考答案:

whatisknowledge?_howisknowledgeacquired?_whereisknowledgetobefound?

Theword“empiricism”originatesnotfrom_____.

参考答案:

Chine