知识管理的IT实现-IBM知识管理解决的方案课件

EE5900:AdvancedEmbeddedSystemForSmartInfrastructureSingleUserSmartHome

SmartGird2Asmartgridputsinformationandcommunicationtechnologyintogeneration,transmission,distributionandenduser,makingsystemscleaner,safer,andmorereliableandefficient.

SmartHome3SmarthometechnologiesareviewedasusersendoftheSmartGrid.Asmarthomeorbuildingisequippedwithspecialstructuredwiringtoenableoccupantstoremotelycontrolorprogramanarrayofautomatedhomeelectronicdevices.

Smarthomeiscombinedwithenergyresourcesateithertheirlowestpricesorhighestavailability,e.g.takingadvantageofhighsolarpaneloutput.yousharez/2019/11/20/house-of-dreams-a-smart-house-concept/

SmartAppliancesSmartAppliancesCharacterizedbyCompactOSinstalledRemotelycontrollableMultipleoperatingmodes

4

HomeApplianceRemoteControl5ZigBeeCertifiedAppliancesandHomeAreaNetwork(HAN)/6

System7PowerflowInternetControlflow

DynamicPricingfromUtilityCompanyIllinoisPowerCompany’spricedata8Pricingforone-dayaheadtimeperiodPrice($/kwh)BenefitofSmartHomeReducemonetaryexpenseReducepeakloadMaximizerenewableenergyusage9SmartHomeControlFlow10PHEV

TransitionbetweentheRenewableEnergyandPowerGridEnergyA

transferswitch

isanelectrical

switch

thatreconnectselectricpowersourcefromitsprimarysourcetoastandbysource.Switchesmaybemanuallyorautomaticallyoperated.11SmartSchedulingDemandSideManagementwhentolaunchahomeapplianceatwhatfrequencyThevariablefrequencydrive(VFD)istocontroltherotationalspeedofanalternatingcurrent(AC)electricmotorthroughcontrollingthefrequencyoftheelectricalpowersuppliedtothemotorforhowlongusegridenergyorrenewableenergyusebatteryornot125cents/kwh3cents/kwh5kwh10kwhPowerPowerrTimeTime12123(a)(b)

VFDImpact5cents/kwh3cents/kwhcost=10kwh*5cents/kwh=50centscost=5kwh*5cents/kwh+5kwh*3cents/kwh=40cents13UncertaintyofApplianceExecutionTimeInadvancedlaundrymachine,timetodothelaundrydependsontheload.Howtomodelit?14

ProblemFormulationGivennhomeappliances,toschedulethemformonetaryexpenseminimizationconsideringVFDwithconsideringvariationsSolutionsforcontinuousVFDSolutionsfordiscreteVFD15SolutionsforcontinuousVFDSolutionsfordiscreteVFD1234

TheProcedureoftheOurProposedScheme16OfflineScheduleAdeterministicschedulingwithcontinuousfrequencyAdeterministicschedulingwithdiscretefrequencyStochasticProgrammingforApplianceVariationsOnlineScheduleforRenewableEnergyVariations

TheProposedSchemeOutline17LinearProgrammingforDeterministicSchedulingwithContinuousFrequencyminimize:subjectto:18

MaxLoadConstraintToavoidtrippingout,ineverytimewindowwehaveloadconstraint19

ApplianceLoadConstraintSumupineachtimewindowappliancepowerconsumptionisequaltoitsinputtotalpower20ApplianceSpeedLimitandExecutionPeriodConstraintThefrequencyisupperboundedAppliancecannotbeexecutedbeforeitsstartingtimeorafteritsdeadline21PowerResourcePowerresourcecanbevarious22SolarEnergyDistributionConstraintSolarEnergycanbedirectlyusedbyhomeappliancesorstoredinthebattery23BatteryEnergyStorageConstraintandChargingCostSolarEnergyStorageBatteryChargingCost24

TheProposedSchemeOutline25

DeterministicSchedulingforDiscreteFrequencyFlow26DetermineSchedulingAppliancesOrderScheduleCurrentTaskUpdateUpperBoundofEachTimeIntervalAnapplianceScheduleAppliancesNotalltheappliance(s)processedAllapplianceprocess

TheProposedSchemeOutline27

GreedybasedDeterministicSchedulingforTaski280t1t2t3t4TaskiPricePowerTimeTimeCannothandlenoninterruptiblehomeappliances

TheProposedSchemeOutline29

DynamicProgrammingbasedDeterministicSchedulingforTaskiForasolutionintimewindowi,energyconsumptioneandcostcuniquelycharacterizeitsstate.Forpruning:{e1,c1}willdominatesolution{e2,c2},ife1>=e2andc1<=c2.30(15,20)(11,22)(1,2)(2,4)(3,6)(1,1)(2,2)(3,3)0t1t2(6,9)(5,8)(4,7)(5,7)(4,6)(3,5)(4,5)(3,4)(2,3)(0,0)(0,0)(3,3)(2,2)(1,1)#ofdistinctpowerlevels=k#timeslots=mRuntime:PriceTimeDynamicProgrammingreturnsoptimalsolutionHandlingMultipleTasksAccordinganorderoftasksPerformthedynamicprogrammingalgorithmoneachtask31

TheProposedSchemeOutline32

VariationimpactstheSchemet2t3t4WorstcasedesignEvaluateBestcasecanbeimprovedt1BestPriceWindowCostcanbereduced33

BestCaseDesignt1t2t3t434VariationAwareDesignAnadaptationvariable

βisintroducedtoutilizetheloadvariation.t1t2t3t435MonteCarloSimulationIttakes5000differenttasksets,toevaluateaβvalue.Evaluatehowmanysamplesdonotviolatetripraterequirement.Triprate=tripoutevent/totalevent

36

UncertaintyAwareAlgorithmAlgorithmicFlowOutput:ScheduleInput:TasksetwithtaskswhichcanbescheduledYesupdatetaskloadbasedonβGenerateappliancesschedulebysolvingtheLPDerivecurrenttriprateusingMonteCarlosimulationCurrenttriprate≤TargetUpdateβNoCore1updatetaskloadbasedonβGenerateappliancesschedulebysolvingtheLPDerivecurrenttriprateusingMonteCarlosimulationCurrenttriprate≤TargetUpdateβNoYesupdatetaskloadbasedonβGenerateappliancesschedulebysolvingtheLPDerivecurrenttriprateusingMonteCarlosimulationCurrenttriprate≤TargetUpdateβNoupdatetaskloadbasedonβGenerateappliancesschedulebysolvingtheLPDerivecurrenttriprateusingMonteCarlosimulationCurrenttriprate≤TargetUpdateβNoupdatetaskloadbasedonβGenerateappliancesschedulebysolvingtheLPDerivecurrenttriprateusingMonteCarlosimulationCurrenttriprate≤TargetUpdateβNoYesYesYesCore2Core3Core4βfrom0to0.25βfrom0.25to0.5βfrom0.5to0.75βfrom0.75to137MonteCarloSimulationtakes5000samplesLatinHypercubeSamplingtakes200samples

CurrentS38LatinHypercubeSamplingisa

statistical

methodforgeneratingadistributionofplausiblecollectionsofparametervaluesfroma

multidimensionaldistribution

AlgorithmImprovement

ExerciseHowtogeneralizedeterministicdynamicprogrammingtoanvariationawaredynamicprogramming?39

TheProposedSchemeOutline40

OnlineTuningActualrenewableenergy<ExpectedUtilizeenergyfromthepowergridActualrenewabledemand>ExpectedSavetherenewableenergyasmuchaspossibleActualrenewabledemand=ExpectedFollowtheofflineschedule41

ExperimentalSetupTheproposedschemewasimplementedinC++andtestedonaPentiumDualCoremachinewith2.3GHzT4500CPUand3GBmainmemory.500differenttasksetsareusedinthesimulation.Thenumberofappliancesineachsetrangesfrom5to30,whichisthetypicalnumberofhouseholdappliances[1].TwosetsoftheKD200-54PseriesPVmodulesfromInc[2]aretakentoconstructasolarstationforaresidentialunitwhicharecost$502.Thebatterycostissetto$75[3]with845kWthroughputistakenasenergystorage.ThelifetimeofthePVsystemisassumedtobe20years[4].ElectricitypricingdatareleasedbyAmerenIllinoisPowerCorporation[5][1]M.Pedrasa,T.Spooner,andI.MacGill,“Coordinatedschedulingofresidentialdistributedenergyresourcestooptimizesmarthomeenergyservices,”IEEETransactionsonSmartGrid,vol.1,no.2,pp.134–144,2019.[2]DataSheetofKD200-54PseriesPVmodules,availableatkyocerasolar/assets/001/5124.pdf.[3]T.GivlerandP.Lilienthal,“UsingHOMERsoftware,NRELsmicropoweroptimizationmodule,toexploretheroleofgen-setsinsmallsolarpowersystemscasestudy:Srilanka,”TechnicalReportNREL/TP-710-36774,2019.[4]LifespanandReliabilityofSolarPanel,availableatsolarpanelinfo/solarpanels/solar-panel-cost.php.[5]Real-TimePrice,availableathttps://www2.ameren.42

LP-basedApproachvs.TraditionalApproachEnergyCost(cents)Runtime(s)householdappliancehouseholdapplianceCosttime43

Traditionalvs.ContinuousVFDvs.Greedy

44CostHouseholdappliance

OnlyD.P.CanHandleNonInterruptibleTasksetCostHouseholdappliance45

ComparisonofWorstCase,BestCaseDesignandStochasticDesignEnergyCost(cents)TripRate(%)10secondsHouseholdapplianceHouseholdapplianceCostRate46

Onlinevs.OfflineHouse