人教版必修五Unit-1《Great-scientists-Reading》课件

Reading1标题添加点击此处输入相关文本内容点击此处输入相关文本内容总体概述点击此处输入相关文本内容标题添加点击此处输入相关文本内容2WarmingUp

Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyounamesomeofthem?Whatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscience?Dotheseachievementshaveanythingincommon?Matchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelowbeforeyouanswerallthesequestions.3AlexanderBellelectricityThomasEdisontheFirsttelephoneLaiteBrotherstheelectricLampMadameCurieblackholesinUniverseFranklinTheoryofGravityStevenHawkingtheFirstPlaneElbertEinsteinRadiumIsaacNewtontheTheoryofRelativity4QuizQuestions(P1)1.Archimedes,AncientGreek(287-212BC),amathematician.Hefoundthatifyouputanobjectintowaterthewaterpushestheobjectup.Itrisesandpartlyfloats.Theforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.阿基米德(Archimedes)52.CharlesDarwin,Britain(1808--1882)

TheOriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1859.Itexplainedhowplantsandanimalshadchangedovertimetofitinwithachangingenvironment.Atthetimeitwaspublisheditwasverycontroversial.ManypeoplebelievedtheBiblewhenitsaidthatGodmadethefirsttwopeople(AdamandEve)andthatallotherpeoplecamefromthesetwo.CharlesDarwin6

Darwin'sbookshowedthatpeoplehaddevelopedfromapesinstead.Sothiscausedalotofargumentbetweenreligiousandscientificpeople.HoweverDarwin'sideabecameveryinfluentialandisstillacceptedtoday.73.ThomasNewcomen,British(1663--1729)HeimprovedthefirststeampumpbuiltbyThomasSaveryin1698andturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712.JamesWattimproveditstillfurtherinthe1770sturningitintothefirstmodernsteamengineusedontherailways.84.

GregorMendel,Czech(1822-1884)Hegrewpeaplantsanddevelopedideasonheredity(遗传学)andinherited(继承,承传)characteristics.Heconcentrated(集中精力)oncross-fertilizing(施肥)peaplantsandanalyzingtheresults.Between1856--1863hegrew28,000peaplants.

GregorMendel9

Heexaminedsevenkindsofseedandplantcharacteristicsanddevelopedsomelawsofinheritance(承传的规则).Thefirstisthatinheritancefactorsdonotcombinebutarepassedtothenextgenerationintact(完整的).Second,hefoundthateachpartnergiveshalftheinheritedfactorstotheyoung.10Third,someofthesefactorsshowupintheoffspring(子孙)(andsoaredominant显性的).Theotherfactorsaremaskedbythedominantones(andsoarerecessive隐性的).

115.MarieCurie,PolishandFrench(1867--1934)ShewasborninPolandandcametostudyinFrancein1891andshelivedtherefortherestofherlife.In1898shediscoveredradium.ShereceivedtwoNobelprizes,one(withPierreCurie)forphysics(1903)andoneforchemistry(1911).MarieCurie12

Sheistheonlypersontohavebeensohonored.OnthedeathofherhusbandshetookoverhisjobattheSorbonneinParis.Herworkonradioactivityandthediscoveryofradiummeantthatshebegananewscientificareaofresearch.13ShewasthefirstwomantoreceiveaNobelPrizeandthefirstwomantoteachattheSorbonne(索邦神学院:巴黎大学前身).14

6.ThomasEdison,American(1847-1931)Hewasalreadyaninventorofotherelectricaldevices(phonograph电唱机,electriclightbulb)whenin1882hedesignedasystemforprovidingNewYorkwithelectricityfromacentralpowerstation.Thiswasatremendousachievement,whichhadpreviouslybeenthoughtimpossible.ThomasEdison157.LeonardodaVinci,Italian(1452-1519)Hewasafamousartistwhoseskillforshowinghumanskintonesmadehispaintingsseemtocomealive.Heusedtostudydeadpeopleinordertomakehispaintingsasaccurateaspossible.LeonardodaVinci16Someofhisfamouspaintingsinclude"TheAdorationoftheMagi"andthe"TheLastSupper".LaterinhislifehelivedinFrancewherehedesigned

asubmarineandaflyingmachine.178.SirHumphryDavy,British(1778-1829)Hedidresearchintodifferentgasesanddiscoveredthemedicinalvalueofnitrous(麻醉)oxide(氧化物)(orlaughinggas)asananaesthetic(麻醉剂).In1815hedevelopedasafetylampforminers.HumphryDavy18Previouslytherehadbeenmanyaccidentswhencandlesontheminers'helmetshadexplodedwhenitcameintocontactwithundergroundgasfromthecoaltheminersweredigging.Thesafetyhelmetmadeworkingundergroundverymuchsafer.19

9.ZhangHeng,Chinese(78-139)He

inventedthefirstseismograph(测震仪、地震仪)toindicateinthedirectionofanearthquake.Itwasintheshapeofacylinder(圆筒形)witheightdragonheadsroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.张衡地动仪20Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogsdirectlyunderadragon'shead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragon'smouth,makinganoise.21

10.StephenHawking,British(1942--)Hehasworkedinastronomyandstudiedblackholesinspace.Hehasshownthatblackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingaroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwoutmatteraswell.

StephenHawking22Thismaymarkthebeginningofnewgalaxies.Thisisanadvanceontheoldtheorywhichsaidthatblackholes"eat”everythingtheycomeacross.23LeadinginSupplythefollowingwordswithdetail.

JohnSnow

Cholera24JohnSnow(1813-1858)JohnSnowwasborninYorkonMarch15th,1813,theoldestofninechildren.YorkLondon25Hisfatherworkedasalaborer.Whilepoor,hisparentsweredeterminedtogivetheirchildrenwhatevereducationalopportunitiestheycouldafford.Hewaseducatedataprivateschoolinhisnativecityuntiltheageoffourteen,whenhewasapprenticed(当学徒)toWilliamHardcastle,asurgeon(外科医生)livingatNewcastle-on-Tyne.26Afterservingforashorttimeasasurgeonandunqualifiedassistantduringthecholeraepidemicof1831-1982,hebecameinOctober1836astudentattheHunterianSchoolofmedicineinGreatWindmillStreet,London.HebegantoattendthemedicalpracticeattheWestminsterHospitalinthefollowingOctober.27183637383940184541424344HegraduatedM.D.oftheUniversityofLondonon20Dec.1844,andin1850hewasadmittedalicentiateoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians.

28Hedesignedachloroforminhaler(氯仿吸入器),describedinhisbook,OnChloroformandotherAnesthetics,publishedin1858.Dr.Snowwasalsoaprominentanesthesiologist(麻醉师)Whatelsewashefamousfor?29WhatisCholera?CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibriacholerae.Itinfectspeople’sintestines(肠),causingdiarrhea(腹泻),vomitingandlegcramps.30Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminatedwiththebacteria.31Afteradisaster,thisisaveryrealdanger,sinceregular,cleanwaterandfoodsuppliesareoftenunavailable.Thediseasecanbespreadevenfurtherbyinfectedpeopleusingalreadydirtywatersourcestocleanthemselvesordisposeofwaste.32Choleracanbemildorevenwithoutsymptoms,aseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.Thediarrheaandvomitingbroughtonbytheinfectionquicklyleavesthebodywithoutenoughfluid.Thefollowingdehydration(脱水)andshockcankillapersonwithinhours.33Lookatthepicture,thetitleandthemap,guesswhatisthecontentofthetext?Thenskimitquicklytoseeifyouwereright.34Whenwewanttosolvesomeproblem.Firstweshouldfindtheproblem,dosomeresearchonit,proveyourfinding,andthenmakeaconclusion.Thisisascientificandobjectivewayofresearching.1.Whatorderwouldyouputthesevenin?Pre-reading35Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.2.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?36Repel(回避)maybeexposedtoaninfectiousdiseases,somayanimals,suchasbirdflu.AIDS,SARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure.37CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVariancholera.Ifinfectspeople’sintestines(肠胃),causingdiarrhea,vomitingandlegcramps(腹痛).3.Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?38Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated(污染)withthebacteria.39Choleracanbemild(不严重的)orevenwithoutsymptoms(症状),butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.40Firstweshouldfindtheproblem.Then,thinkofamethod.Weshouldcollectasmuchinformationaspossible.4.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?41Analyzingresultsisthemostimportantstage.Beforewemakeaconclusion,itisnecessaryforustorepeatsomestagesorprocesses.42GermanyGreatBritainDeathoffirstcholeracaseinLondonduringthe1848-49epidemicLondonPreviouscholeraepidemicinGreatBritainin1831-32Thespreadofcholera43“…Ifoundthatnearlyallthedeathshadtakenplacewithinashortdistanceofthepump.”deathSnowoncholera44Snowsuspectedcontaminationofpumpwater.Small,white,flocculentparticles45ParagraphStagesGeneralideas1FindaproblemThe________ofcholeracausesComprehending

462Theorytwo:Whenpeople_______choleraintotheirbodieswithmeals,theirbodieswereattackedandsoontheydied.Theoryone:Cholera________intheairanddangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Makeupaquestionmultipliedabsorbed473ThinkofamethodTo_____thesecondtheorywascorrect.prove4845CollectresultsSomeinformationwas_________onhowmanypeoplediedandwheretheygotwater.Analyseresults________thewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.gatheredAnalyse4967RepeatifnecessaryWithextra_______,itwasannounceddefinitelythat_______watercarriedcholera.MakeaconclusionPollutedwaterspreadcholera.“KingCholera”was_________.evidencepolluteddefeated50MakeaconclusionThinkofamethodCollectresultsMakeupaquestionFindaproblemAnalysetheresultsRepeatifnecessary①③②④⑤⑥⑦51Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswers.1.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshowushowdifficultitwastofindacureforcholera.B.TotellushowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraandthecureforit.C.Toshowushowdifficultitwastocarryoutexperimentsatthattime.D.Totellusthewaycholeraspreadandhowseriousitwas.B522.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.JohnSnowbecamefamousaftercholerahitEnglandinthe19thcentury.B.JohnSnowbegantocollectinformationlongbeforecholerahitEnglandinthe19thcentury.C.Themotherandherdaughtermenti