学术英语+医学+Unit课件

学术英语+医学+Unit学术英语+医学+Unit学术英语+医学+UnitUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesDespitetheprogressinmedicine,manydiseasesarestilluntreatableandincurable.Ithasbeengenerallyagreedthatpreventionismorecost-effectivethanthetreatmentofdiseases.Herecomesomefundamentalquestions:Whichplayamoreimportantroleincausinghumandiseases,genesorenvironmentalfactors?Whydopeoplewithgoodinterpersonalrelationshipslivehealthierandlonger?Whatarethemajorstepsindevelopinganewdrug?Inthisunit,wewillprobablyfindtheanswerstothesequestions.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBTextCListeningSpeakingWritingGetreadingforUnit9Lead-inIssuestobecoveredTaskUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesLead-inIssuestobecoveredThecommonandspecialmeansoftreatmentandpreventionofdiseasesThedifferentrolesofgenesandenvironmentincausingdiseasesTherelationshipbetweeninterpersonalrelationshipandhealthThemajorstepsindesigninganddevelopingnewdrugsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesLead-inYourexperiencewhenyoufellilllasttimeTimeVisitstodoctorDiagnosisTreatmentUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesLead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluMyopiaHepatitisUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesLead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluvirusesrest,clearfluids,cooldampwashclothtoreducefever,warmblankettocalmchills,coughmedicine,antiviralmedications,usuallynoneedofantibioticsMyopiaprolongedclosework,excessivereadingcorrectivelenses,refractorysurgeryHepatitisviral(HBV,HCV,etc.),bacterial,parasitic,fungalinfectionsalcohol,autoimmune,inheritedantiviralmedicationsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextACriticalreadingandthinking

–Topicsforpresentation

–Knowledgeofthesubjectmatter

–UsefulexpressionsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation1.HowwasTerry’slifebeforeshewasdiagnosedwith(Pre.1)lovedpracticingTaeKwonDolovedthesurgeofadrenalinethatcamewiththecontrolledcombatoftournamentscompetednationally,evenwinningabronzemedalinthetrialsforthePanAmericanGamesattendedmedicalschool,practicedasaninternalmedicineresidency,becameanacademicgeneralinternistmarriedandgotasonandadaughterUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutMSandautoimmunedisease?(Pre.2)SymptomsasmentionedbytheauthorlossofstaminaandstrengthproblemswithbalanceboutsofhorrificfacialpaindipsinvisualacuityUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutMSandautoimmunedisease?(Pre.2)Causeasmentionedbytheauthortheassaultofimmunecellsonthebrain,withpossibleoriginingeneticmake-upor/andcombinationofenvironmentalfactorsTreatmentasmentionedbytheauthorinterferonandcopolymer-1Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation3.WhatdidTerrydobeforesheself-experimented?(Pre.3)Pickingupbasicsciencesuchascellularphysiology,biochemistryandneurophysiologyReadingarticlesaboutnewMSdrugsinanimalmodelsandneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdiseaseUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation4.WhatapproachesdidTerrymainlyusetodealwithneurodegeneration?(Pre.4)self-experimentationwithvariousnutrientstoslowneurodegenerationbasedonliteraturereportsonanimalmodelsself-experimentationwithneuromuscularelectricalstimulationstillbasedonliteratureonlinesearchtoidentifythesourcesofmicronutrientsreductionoffoodallergyandtoxicloadUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation5.Oneexampletoillustratethecorrelationbetweentoxicloadanddisease(Pre.5)With70%to90%oftheriskfordiabetes,heartdisease,cancer,andautoimmunitybeingduetoenvironmentalfactorsotherthangenetics,wecanprovidetherealsolutiontomanyhealthproblemsandthehealthcarecrisisbychangingourenvironment,forexample,optimizingournutritionandreducingourtoxicload.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterthesurgeofadrenaline(P55)medicalschool(P55)aninternalmedicineresidency(P55)anacademicgeneralinternist(P55)todevelopachronicdisease(P55)Ihadonlytwooptions:accommodationandacceptanceofdeepeningdisabilitydespiteoptimaltreatment,orincreasedinvolvementinmyownhealthcare.(P55)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterMydoctorsaidthatgeneticsaccountedforonly10to30%oftheriskofMS;therest(???)wasduetosomecombinationofunknownenvironmentalfactors.(P56)HenevertoldmewhatIcoulddotoaddressthoseunknownfactors,onlyofferinginterferonandcopolymer-1toreducetheriskofrelapse.(P56)Itwasincreasinglyapparentthat,withtime,becomingbedriddenduetomyillnesswasinevitable.(P56)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterIbeganmyownstudyoftheliterature,readingarticleafterarticleonPubMed,knowingthattheseedsfortoday’sclinicalcarewerelaidyears,sometimesdecadesearlierinthebasicscienceliterature.(P56)Atfirst,IlookedforrecentarticlestestingnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels.(P56)…articlesconcerningneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdisease.(P56)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterIaskedmyphysicaltherapisttoletmehaveatestsession.(P57)patientautonomyHetoldmethate-stim(ashecalledit)wasnotanapprovedtreatmentforMS...(P57)paternalisticapproachIreturnedtotheliterature.(P57)IturnedeventuallytoGoogle.(P57)WhichismorehelpfulandtowhatextentisGoogleareliantsourceofmedicalinformation?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterInextlookedmoredeeplyattheenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms.(P57)Twostoodout:foodallergiesandtoxicload.(P57)Ireturnedtotheliterature.(P57)Foodallergiescancauseamyriadofneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms,typicallywithoutanyabdominalcomplaints,decadesbeforediagnosisandareverydifficulttoidentify.(P57)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsboutsofhorrificfacialpainWhenIdevelopedthefootdrop,thediagnosiswasmade:multiplesclerosis(MS).Hesaidthatfewerrelapseswouldmeanlessdisability,agreaterchancethatI’dstillbewalking,working,andlivingmylifeasIonceknewittenyearslater.…soItranslatedmouse-sizeddosestohumanones…However,althoughmydeclinehadslowed,Iwasstilldeclining.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressions…therewasnoguaranteethatmybraincouldtalktothesenewmuscles.…soItranslatedmouse-sizeddosestohumanones…However,althoughmydeclinehadslowed,Iwasstilldeclining.…therewasnoguaranteethatmybraincouldtalktothesenewmuscles.Itdidhurt.Alot.IfeltthebestI’dfeltinyears.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsMytherapistimplementedaprogramofe-stimcoupledwithdailyexercise.Asgoodasthearticlewas,itdidnotlistallofthebuildingblocksneededforoptimalbrainhealth.Themedicalliteraturedidn’thavethatinformation,nordidtheregistereddieticianswithwhomIconsulted,nordidIseeitinthefoodscienceliterature.Buthedidletmehaveatestsession.IturnedeventuallytoGoogle,whichdidhelpme,nutrientbynutrient,tounderstandwherevariousmicronutrientsIwastakingbypilleachdaywerelocatedinthefoodsupply.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsPhysicianself-experimentationsometimesdoesnotgoasanticipated.Theunthinkable—theunimaginable—happened,stunningme,myfamily,andmyphysicians.Asaresult,I’vechangedhowIpracticemedicine.Threeyearsintomyhealing,Iamagainexperimenting.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextASuggestedanswersTask1OverviewCriticalreadingandthinking1.D2.literature,nutrients,stimulation,micronutrients,environmentalUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextATask1/MedicalterminologyMatcheachdefinitionwithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.EnglishChineseDefinition1treatmentofdiseasethroughtheuseofdrugs2thequalityofexistinginseveraldifferentforms3oforrelatingtoanimmuneresponsebythebodyagainstoneofitsowntissues,cells,ormolecules4epinephrine,ahormonesecretedbytheadrenalmedulla5apolymeroftwoormoredifferentmonomerspharmacotherapy药物疗法多态性polymorphism自体免疫的autoimmunecopolymer共聚物adrenaline肾上腺素SuggestedanswersLanguagebuilding-up2Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextAEnglishChineseDefinition6asubstancethatimprovesthechemicalactivityofanenzyme7asubstancethatdestroysweeds8aspecialistininternalmedicine9anyofvariousdiseasescharacterizedbythickeningorhardening10theactorprocessoftesting,trying,orputtingtotheproofsclerosis硬化（症）coenzyme辅酶herbicide除草剂internist内科医生trial试验Task1/MedicalterminologyMatcheachdefinitionwithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.Suggestedanswers2Languagebuilding-upUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextATask2/SignpostlanguageSequenceLanguagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersnextThen,UltimatelyAtfirst,EventuallyNowUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersUltimately1Joggingleftmefirst.________,standingforanytimebecamedifficult._______,despitemyuseofthemostcurrentpharmacotherapies,walkingandevensittingwastiring,soIneededatilt-reclinewheelchair.(Para.5)2_______,IlookedforrecentarticlestestingnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels._______,realizingIcouldnotaccessthosedrugsunlessIwasinaclinicaltrial,Iturnedtoarticlesconcerningneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdisease.(Para.8) ThenAtfirstEventuallyUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersNow3DeterminedtooptimizeeverythingIcouldtohelpmybrainheal,I_______lookedmoredeeplyattheenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms.(Para.15)4_______Ifocusonteachingmypatientshowtooptimizetheirnutrition,reducetheirtoxicload,andreducetheirriskoffoodallergies.(Para.19) nextUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextATask3/FormalEnglishParaphrasethefollowingsentencesfromTextAwithalessformalstyle.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersManythingshavehappenedsincethen.Iwenttoamedicalschool,completedaninternalmedicineresidency,andbecameamotherofasonandadaughter.

2.WhenImanifestedsymptomsofthefootdrop,Iwasdiagnosedwithmultiplesclerosis.

3.Heneverthelessallowedmeatestsession.Itdidhurtseverelyashepreviouslytoldme.

4.Iamagainexperimentingthreeyearsaftermyhealing.TheonlydifferenceisthatthistimeitisanIRB-approvedprotocolinsteadofself-experimentation.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases

TextA

Additionalactivity

GrouppresentationAsanemergingbranchofscience,SocialNeuroscienceisunfamiliarandmysterioustomanypeople.Formgroupsof4-5tofindrelevantinformationaboutitandgetreadyforapresentationinclass.Thefollowingpromptsmaybehelpfultoyou:thedefinitionofSocialNeurosciencethemechanismthroughwhichbrain-to-brainlinkworkstheapplicationofsocialneurosciencetotreatmentofdiseasestheprospectsofSocialNeuroscienceUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextBCriticalreadingandthinkingSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

CriticalReadingandThinking1.thefriend’srelationshipwithhisstudents(P37)Hewasnotjustinspiringinclassbuttakingagenuineinterestinthem—intheirstudies,theirprogressthroughlife,theirfearsandhopes.Awidecircleofformerstudentscountthemselvesamonghislifelongfriends;Heandhiswifehavealwayswelcomedasteadystreamofvisitorstotheirhome.Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

CriticalReadingandThinking2.thediscoveryofmirrorneurons(P66)Mirrorneurons,awidelydispersedclassofbraincellsthatoperatelikeneuralWiFi,tracktheemotionalflow,movementandevenintentionsofthepersonwearewith,andreplicatethissensedstateinourownbrainbystirringinourbrainthesameareasactiveintheotherperson.Mirrorneuronsofferaneuralmechanismthatexplainsemotionalcontagion.

Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

CriticalReadingandThinking3.DiamondandAspinwall’sresearch(PP66)PsychologistsattheUniversityofUtahReviewedresearchdataaboutcoordinationofemotions,cardiovascularreactionsorbrainstatesbetweenmotherswiththeirinfants,maritalpartnersarguingandevenamongpeopleinmeetingsinthepastfewdecades.Offeredtheinfelicitousterm“amutuallyregulatingpsychobiologicalunit”todescribethemergingoftwodiscretephysiologiesintoaconnectedcircuit.Argue/concludethatemotionalclosenessallowsthebiologyofonepersontoinfluencethatoftheother.

Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

CriticalReadingandThinking4.significanceofCacioppo’sresearch(PP66)DirectoroftheCenterforCognitiveandSocialNeuroscienceattheUniversityofChicagoProposedthattheemotionalstatusofourmainrelationshipshasasignificantimpactonouroverallpatternofcardiovascularandneuroendocrineactivity.Thistheoryradicallyexpandsthescopeofbiologyandneurosciencefromfocusingonasinglebodyorbraintolookingattheinterplaybetweentwoatatime.

Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

CriticalReadingandThinking5.themeaningofa“brokenheart”(P67)Socialrejectionactivatestheveryzonesofthebrainthatgenerate,amongotherthings,thestingofphysicalpain.Therefore,theterm“brokenheart”mayactuallyrefernotonlytothepsychologicalpainfromrejectionorthedisappearanceoflovedonesbutalsothegenuinephysicalhurt.

Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

UsefulexpressionsAwidecircleofformerstudentsasteadystreamofvisitorstotheirhomethisflowofpeoplewholovehimAwidecircleofformerstudentsasteadystreamofvisitorstotheirhomethisflowofpeoplewholovehimMirrorneuronsofferaneuralmechanismthatexplainsemotionalcontagion……thetendencyofonepersontocatchthefeelingsofanother,particularlyifstronglyexpressed.Thisbrain-to-brainlinkmayalsoaccountforfeelingsofrapport…CriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

UsefulexpressionsReviewingdecadesofsuchdata,Lisa..,offerTothedegreethatthisoccurs,Dr.DiamondandDr.Aspinwallargue,emotionalclosenessallowsthebiologyofonepersontoinfluencethatoftheother.makesaparallelproposalexpandsthescopeofbiologyandneurosciencefromfocusingonasinglebodyorbraintolookingattheinterplaybetweentwoatatimeCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

UsefulexpressionsInshort,myhostilitybumpsupyourbloodpressure,yournurturinglovelowersmine.Potentially,weareeachother’sbiologicalenemiesorallies.alltoomanypeople…thatgenerate,amongotherthings,thestingofphysicalpain.exclusionwasadeathsentenceinhumanprehistory.Theynotethatinmanylanguagesthewordsthatdescribea“brokenheart”fromrejectionborrowthelexiconofphysicalhurt.CriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

UsefulexpressionstheteamconsideredhaltingthesurgeryTheyproposedthistothepersonthetwinshadchosentorepresentthem,buttherepresentativeinsistedthatthesisterswouldwanttheseparationtoproceednomatterwhat,sothedoctorspressedon.keepingthenameconfidentialthewomen'sadoptiveandbiologicalfathersCriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

DifficultsentencesThroughagrindingmixofchemotherapy,radiationandalltheothernecessaryindignitiesofoncology,hehaslivedon,despitedireprognosestothecontrary.经历了种种磨难，如化疗、放疗和其他种种因为身患肿瘤而必须承受的屈辱等，他还继续活着，尽管预后很不乐观。CriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

DifficultsentencesEvenremotelysuggestinghealthbenefitsfromtheseinterconnectionswill,nodoubt,raisehacklesinmedicalcircles.即使十分隐讳地暗示这些互联对健康有裨益，在医界毫无疑问会引起轩然大波。CriticalreadingandthinkingUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextB

SuggestedanswersCriticalreadingandthinkingTask1CompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtoTextB.1sociallife2mechanism3activating4reviewingresearchdata5mutualinfluencebetweentwoatatime6theyareaccompaniedbysomeonetheylove7physically/neurologically8thelargenumberofpeoplewhowanttopayavisitUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextCSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesTextC

Task:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseSuggestedanswers通常在第二阶段期间或者第二阶段结束时，需要决定是否开始耗资巨大且耗费大量资源的第二阶段b期和关键性的第三阶段临床试验，这是药物研发的第三个里程碑。在这个阶段，显然不仅要进行全面的医学/科学分析，这包括对该化合物性能的预判，还要进行全面的财务分析，这些工作是第三个里程碑的一部分。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesListeningNote-takingFormsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesListening

Note-takingFormsadvantages&disadvantagescause&effectclassification&definitioncomparison&contrastfacts&figuressequenceofeventsstagesofaprocessquestion&answertwo-columntablesspidergramtreediagram/spidergramtabletabletimelineflowchartheadings¬esUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesListening

SuggestedanswersTask140,00056,300Measurestaken13-648222AfricanAmericansTakeCharge,TaketheTest4DevelopmentofacomprehensiveHIVpreventionplanthroughtheyear2020Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesListening

SuggestedanswersTask2expandaccesstoHIVincidencesurveillancesystemTargetingprecisioncompellingreasonsspecificinformationUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesSpeakingMakinganArgumentTaskandadditionalactivityUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesSpeaking

Makinganargument1)thesisstatementorclaim2)evidencethatsupportstheclaim.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesSpeaking

MakinganargumentExpressyouropinionItwouldseemtomethat…AsfarasI’mabletojudge,…Mybelief/interpretationis…FromwhatIunderstand,…AsIunderstandit,…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesSpeaking

MakinganargumentProvideevidenceAsevidencedin…Agoodcaseinpointis…Considerthecaseof..,Anexamplecanbeseen…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesSpeaking

TaskWorkinpairstodebatewitheachotheronthefollowingtopicsbypracticingtheexpressionslistedabove.Shouldpatients’self-experimentationforacurebeencouraged?Shouldthetimerequiredforthedevelopmentofanewdrugbeshortened?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesSpeaking

AdditionalactivityAsanemergingbranchofscience,SocialNeuroscienceisunfamiliarandmysterioustomanypeople.Formgroupsof4-5tofindrelevantinformationaboutitandgetreadyforapresentationinclass.Thefollowingpromptsmaybehelpfultoyou:thedefinitionofSocialNeurosciencethemechanismthroughwhichbrain-to-brainlinkworkstheapplicationofsocialneurosciencetotreatmentofdiseasestheprospectsofSocialNeuroscienceUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesWritingWritinganintroductionTaskUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesWriting

ResearchPaperProjectCoverageoftheIntroductiontheliteraturereview;thedefinitionoftheproblem;thepurposeofthepresentstudy;thechoiceofmethods;thestatementofprincipalresultsandconclusionsWritinganintroductionUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesWriting

ResearchPaperProjectGeneralguide