大学英语教程3(南方版)读写译-UNIT-8Cultural-Differences课件

大学英语教程3(南方版)读写译UNITEIGHTCulturalDifferencesPartILANGUAGESKILLPARTIILANGUAGEINCONTEXTPARTIIITOWARDPRODUCTIVELANGUAGE若出现禁用“宏”和“ActiveX”对话框，请选择“启用”大学英语教程3读写译KEYWORDSMADEEASYKEYEXPRESSIONSINUSEPartILANGUAGESKILLBACKUNITEIGHT大学英语教程3读写译KEYWORDSMADEEASYReadaloudthefollowingsentencesandfigureoutwhateachitalicizedwordmeans.TheClueintheparentheseswillhelp.1.ImettheSmithsinItalylastsummer.TheywerevacationinginFlorence.(takeaholiday)2.Aconfidantisamanwithwhomyouareabletodiscussyourprivateproblems.(closefriend)3.Johnisinhisofficeatthemoment.Heisholdingameetingwithhisbusinessassociates.(companion)4.Alandmarkisaneventmarkinganimportantstageofdevelopmentoraturningpointinhistory.(milestone)5.TheEastandtheWestcanworktogetherfortheirmutualbenefitandprogress.(common)BACKUNITEIGHT大学英语教程3读写译KEYWORDSMADEEASYAReadaloudthefollowingsentencesandfigureoutwhateachitalicizedwordmeans.Theclueintheparentheseswillhelp.6.Witharichexperienceindealingwithemergencies,heistherightpersonforthisexactingtask.(demanding)7.Afterayear’sinterval,thetwofriendsfinallymetagaininDenmark.(interlude)8.PerhapsIhadmisjudgedhim,andhewasnotsocarelessafterall.(bewronginjudging)9.ThescientistshaveintensifiedtheirsearchforaneffectivewaytofightSARS.(strenghten)10.Mostpeoplerecognizethatfriendshipinvokesfreedomofchoice.(evoke)BACKUNITEIGHT大学英语教程3读写译AStudythefollowingexpressions.KEYEXPRESSIONSINUSEBACKUNITEIGHT1.IncontrastwiththeFrenchpeople,theGermanstendtotreattheirfriendsastheirbothersorsisters.2.Peopleindifferentcountrieshavedifferentideasonwhatfriendshipisandhowitcomesintobeing.3.Accordingtotheauthors,Americanfriendshipsaresubjecttochangesaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marryordiscovernewinterests.4.Englishpeoplemayeasilytakeuptheirfriendshipevenafterlongintervals.5.WhenEnglishpeoplefeelthattheyareoutofstep,theirfriendshipcomestoanend.大学英语教程3读写译PARTIILANGUAGEINCONTEXTREADINGSELECTION:TEXTASTUDYANDPRACTICEQUESTIONSFORDISCUSSIONBACKUNITEIGHT大学英语教程3读写译PreviewQuestionsWorkinpairsorgroups,anddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Ifyouwerelookingforajob,whatwouldyouexpectfromit?2.What’syourideal?Andwhy?3.Whendoyouthinkyou’llrealizeyourideal?4.Asacollegestudent,howshouldyoubepreparedforlife?BACKREADINGSELECTION:TEXTAUNITEIGHT8Lead-inQuestionsWhatareyourexpectationsofafriendship?Tips:Weoftenexpectafriendtoshareourhappinessandhardships.Whenweareinneedorintrouble,wewishtotendtoourfriendsforhelp,forcomfortorforsharingofourfeelings.Asanoldproverbgoes“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed”,everyonewishestohaveatrustedfriendtowhomhemaytendforhelp.9Lead-inQuestionsWhatdoestheterm“bestfriend”meantoyou?Tips:Abestfriendcanbeoneofyourclassmateswhoshareyourideasaswellasyourexperiences.Abestfriendcanalsobesomeoneyouadmire,anelderbrother/sisterwhoknowsmoreaboutthisworldandcanthereforegiveyouadvicewheneveryouareintrouble.Abestfriendcanalsobeapetdogoratoyyoulikebest.10Lead-inQuestionsHasyourunderstandingoffriendshipchangedasyougrowup?Tips:Mostofyoumayhavechangedseveralschoolsinthe12years’study.Youmayhaveclosedfriendsamongyourprimaryschoolclassmates.Youmayhavedifferentfriendsamongyourmiddleschoolclassmates.Duringalltheseyearsofschooling,youhavegrownuptobeabigboyorabiggirl.Inthewholeprocess,yourunderstandingoffriendshipmayhavechangedwithtimeandspace.Yourclosefriendsmayvaryfromchildhoodplaymates,confidantstomorematurefriends.11Lead-inQuestionsHowisChinesefriendshipdifferentfromthatoftheFrench,oroftheGermans?Tips:FrenchFriendshipGermanFriendship ChineseFriendshiponlyamongmenbothmenandwomenbothmenandwomenoutsidefamily insidefamilybothinsideandoutsideshareideassharefeelings bothideasandfeelings12BackgroundInformationAbouttheAuthorMargaretMead(1901-1978)wasanotededucator,anthropologist,andauthor.EducatedatBernardCollegeandColumbiaUniversity,shewasformanyyearsaprofessorofanthropologyatColumbia.13

RhodaMetrauxwasbornin1914andisalsoananthropologist.ShewaseducatedatVassar,Yale,andColumbia.MetrauxfirstametMeadwhileworkingattheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory.Acontributortoanthropologicaljournals,MetrauxcollaboratedwithMeadonAWayofSeeing(1970),fromwhichthetextwastaken.MargaretMeadandRhodaMetrauxAbouttheAuthor14StructurePara1-5:Americanpeopleliketomakefriendswherevertheygo.IntheUnitedStates,friendscanbevariouspeopleandtheycanvisiteachother’shomeswithoutceremony.Para6-8:InFrance,friendshipisusuallyregardedasarelationshipbetweenmen.Friendsarethepeoplewhodrawoutyourbestqualitiesandwithwhomyousparkle.Para9:InGermany,friendsaretheoneswhoshareyourfeelingsandsoareoftenbroughthometomeetthefamily.Para10:InEngland,friendsarethepeoplewhosharethesameexperienceandwhohaveacommoninterest.MainIdeaPara11:Friendshipinvokesfreedomandtheequalityofgive-and-take.

大学英语教程3读写译BACKREADINGSELECTION:TEXTAUNITEIGHT大学英语教程3读写译BACKREADINGSELECTION:TEXTAUNITEIGHT17FewAmericansstayputforalifetime.Wemovefromtowntocitytosuburb,fromhighschooltocollegeinadifferentstate,fromajobinoneregiontoabetterjobelsewhere,fromthehomewhereweraiseourchildrentothehomewhereweplantolive

inretirement.Witheachmoveweareforevermakingnewfriends,whobecomepartofournewlifeatthattime.Formanyofusthesummerisaspecialtimeforformingnewfriendships.TodaymillionsofAmericans

vacation

abroad,andtheygonotonlytoseenewsightsbutalso-inthoseplaceswheretheydonotfeeltoostrange-withthehopeofmeetingnewpeople.Noonereallyexpectsavacationtriptoproduceaclosefriend.Butsurelythebeginningofafriendshipispossible?Surelyineverycountrypeoplevaluefriendship?Theydo.Thedifficultywhenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeetisnotalackof

appreciationoffriendship,butdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.InthoseEuropeancountriesthatAmericansaremostlikelytovisit,friendshipisquitesharplydistinguishedfromother,morecasualrelations,andisdifferentlyrelatedtofamilylife.ForaFrenchman,aGermanoranEnglishmanfriendshipisusuallymoreparticularizedandcarriesaheavierburdenofcommitment.PartI.Para.1-54.Butasweusetheword,"friend"canbeappliedtoawiderangeofrelationships-tosomeoneonehasknownforafewweeksinanewplace,toaclosebusinessassociate,toachildhoodplaymate,toamanorwoman,toatrustedconfidant.TherearerealdifferencesamongtheserelationsforAmericans-afriendshipmaybesuperficial,casual,situationalordeepandenduring.ButtoaEuropean,whoseesonlyoursurfacebehavior,thedifferencesarenotclear.5.Astheyseeit,peopleknownandacceptedtemporarily,casually,flowinandoutofAmericans'homeswithlittleceremonyandoftenwithlittlepersonalcommitment.Theymaybeparentsofthechildren'sfriends,houseguestsofneighbors,membersofacommittee,businessassociatesfromanothertownorevenanothercountry.ComingasaguestintoanAmericanhome,theEuropeanvisitorfindsnovisiblelandmarks.Theatmosphereisrelaxed.Mostpeople,oldandyoung,arecalledbyfirstnames.18QuestionsWhatparticularcountriesdotheauthorsciteasexampleswhenthecommentondifferentstylesoffriendship?Whydotheymentionthesecountries?WhydoAmericanfriendshipsconfuseEuropeans?Doyouagreewiththeauthorsthateverywherepeoplevaluefriendship?Whyisitdifficultforpeoplefromdifferentcountriestobecomefriends?WhyisitthatAmericansareconstantlymakingnewfriends?HowdoAmericansusethewordfriend?191.FewAmericansstayputforalifetime.

(L.1)

译文：很少有几个美国人会一辈子呆在一个地方不动。Meaning:

MostAmericansdonotstayinafixedplaceallthroughtheirlives.

NowadaysmillionsofAmericansgotoothercountriestospendtheirholidays.

LanguagePoints20put:

adj.fixed;stationary固定的；不变的e.g.1.小孩不能长时间保持不动来照相。

Thebabywouldn'tstayputlongenoughforthephototobetaken.e.g.2.前总统很高兴能够一直在乡村度过他的余生。

Theformerpresidentwasveryhappytostayputinthecountryfortherestofhislife.212.vacation[vE5keiFEn;vei5keiFEn](L.7):(1)v.beonvacation;haveaholidayat/inaplace

度假;(2)n.holiday假期TheSmithsplantovacationinnortheastChinawhenthesummerholidayscome.在学院放假时,我在一家小的海滨餐馆打工。e.g.Iworkedinasmallbeachsiderestaurantduringthecollegevacation.暑假来临时史密斯一家计划去中国东北度假。e.g.223.TodaymillionsofAmericansvacationabroad.

(L.6)译文：今天数百万美国人到国外去度假。Meaning: NowadaysmillionsofAmericansgotoothercountriestospendtheirholidays.

234.Surelyineverycountrypeoplevaluefriendship?

(L.10)译文：肯定每一个国家的人们都重视友谊吧？Meaning: Itisalmostcertainthatineverycountrypeopleregardfriendshipassomethingveryimportant?value

v.regardhighly,haveahighopinionofsb./sth.;esteem;appreciate重视；评价e.g.作为一个律师，他最重视的是证据。

Asalawyer,hevaluesevidenceaboveallelse.24Alackofmoneypreventedtheyoungmanfromgoingabroad.那个年轻人因为缺钱不能出国。e.g.5.(a)lackof(L.13):nothavingenough;beshortof那家公司因为严重的缺乏流动资金而关闭了。e.g.Seriouslackofcirculatingfundforcedtheclosureofthecompany.256.comeintobeing(L.13):beinexistence;begintoexistTheprofessorexplainedhowWTOcameintobeingandwhyChinawantedtobecomeamember.教授解释了WTO是如何成立的，中国为什么要加入这个组织。e.g.Beforetherailwaycameintobeing,afour-horsecoachwasapopularmeansoftransportation.

在没有火车以前，四轮马车是非常流行的交通工具。e.g.267.

Thedifficultywhenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeetisnotalackofappreciationoffriendship,butdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing:(L.12)译文：来自两个国家的陌生人聚在一起时遇到的困难不是彼此之间缺少对友谊的正确评价，而是双方对于友谊的构成以及如何开始友谊有着不同期望。Meaning:

Whenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeet,thereusuallyemergesadifficulty.Thedifficultyisnotresultedfromthefactthattheydonotwanttobecomefriends,butitisbecausepeoplefromdifferentcountrieshavedifferentideasonwhatisfriendshipandhowtostartafriendship.278.berelatedto:beconnectedwith;beassociatedwith(L.21)Thetwofamilieswererelatedtoeachotherbymarriage.这两个家庭之间有姻亲关系。e.g.Wealthisseldomrelatedtohappiness.财富鲜与幸福相关。e.g.289.landmark(L.36):(1)aprominentidentifyingfeatureofalandscape;afixedmarkerthatindicatesaboundaryline地标，陆标；(2)animportantstageinthedevelopmentofsomething里程碑；突出事件；划时代的事件TheEmpireStateBuildingisafamouslandmarkontheNewYorkskyline.帝国大厦是纽约高楼大厦中著名的地面标志物。e.g.alandmarkdecision划时代的决定alandmarkvictory划时代的胜利alandmarkinvention划时代的发明e.g.2910.ComingasaguestintoanAmericanhome,theEuropeanvisitorfindsnovisiblelandmarks:

(L.35)译文：走进一个美国家庭做客，欧洲来访者找不到明显的界标。Meaning: WhenaEuropeanvisitsanAmericanhomeasaguest,hefindsthatthereisnoclearsignorceremonytoshowthathisvisitisanimportanteventtothefamily.30PartII.Para.6-86.Who,then,isafriend?7.InFrance,asinmanyEuropeancountries,friendsgenerallyareofthesamesex,andfriendshipisseenasbasicallyarelationshipbetweenmen.Frenchwomenlaughattheideathat"womencan'tbefriends,"buttheyalsoadmitsometimesthatforwomen"it'sadifferentthing."AndmanyFrenchpeopledoubtthepossibilityofafriendshipbetweenamanandawoman.Thereisalsoakindofrelationshipwithinagroup-menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtime,whomaybeveryclose,sharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.Theymaycalloneanother"copains"-awordthatinEnglishbecomes"friends"buthasmorethefeelingof"pals"or"buddies."InFrencheyesthisisnotfriendship,althoughtwomembersofsuchagroupmaywellbefriends.8.FortheFrench,friendshipisaone-to-onerelationshipthatdemandsakeen

awareness

oftheotherperson'sintellect,temperamentandparticularinterests.Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourownbestqualities,withwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreofwhateverthefriendshipdrawsupon.Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepth,appreciationofaplaybecomessharper,tasteinfoodorwineisaccentuated,enjoymentofasportisintensified.

31QuestionsHowisfriendshiprelatedtosexinFrance?FortheFrench,whatdoesapersonoftenexpectfromhisfriend?3211.FortheFrench,friendshipisaone-to-onerelationshipthatdemandsakeenawarenessoftheotherperson'sintellect,temperamentandparticularinterests:

(L.52~56)Meaning:ForFrenchpeople,friendshipisaone-to-onerelation.Itrequiresthatoneknowsclearlyandsensitivelyabouthowclevertheotherpersonis,whatmentalandphysicalcharacteristicshehas,andwhathisparticularinterestsare.译文：对于法国人，友谊是种一对一的关系，需要一方对另一方的智力，性情和特殊兴趣有敏锐的感知。3312.drawout(L57):

pullsomethinglongermakeonefeellessnervousandmorewillingtotalk;tomakesomethinglastlongerthanusual鼓励某人说话,将……拖长Theteachertriedtodrawthenewboyoutbylettinghimsaysomethingabout

hisfamily.老师试图通过让那个新来的男孩说说他的家庭来鼓励他说话。e.g.Shedrewthemeetingouttooveranhour.她把会议拖长，超过了一小时。e.g.3413.

sparkle(L.58):

v.(1)giveofforreflectflashesoflight;glitter闪闪发光；闪烁；闪耀；

(2)flashwithwit;bebrilliantinperformance;shinewithanimation因有活力或有智慧而闪光，焕发光彩Dropsofwatersparkledinthesun.她整个晚上的谈话闪着智慧的光芒。e.g.Herconversationsparkledthroughouttheevening.水滴在阳光下闪闪发光。e.g.3514.moreof

(L.59):toorinagreaterextentordegree在更大程度上Sheismoreofasingerthananactress.他昨晚说的话比话本身更令人讨厌.e.g.Whathesaidlastnightismoreofanuisancethanitshouldbe.

与其说她是个演员倒不如说她是个歌手。e.g.3615.drawupon/on(L.60):makeuseofsomethingforaparticularpurpose使用，利用，运用Wedrewonhisexperiencethroughouttheproject.我不得不动用我的储蓄来买这辆车。e.g.Tobuythiscar,Ihavetodrawuponmysavings.我们这个项目自始至终都借重他的经验。e.g.3716.Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourownbestqualities,withwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreofwhateverthefriendshipdrawsupon.

(L.56~60)Meaning:Afriendisonewhomakesyoudisplayyourbestqualities,onewithwhomyoushareyourbestideas,andonewhomakesyoubecomesomeoneusefultoyourfriends.

译文：朋友是这样一个人：他能让你把自己品质发挥出来，同你一起迸发火花，他会在最大程度上成为友谊所需要的任何东西。3817.intensify(L.65):tomakeintenseormoreintense:

增强;加强;强化1.Thescientistshaveintensifiedtheirsearchforthenewgenebyworkingharder.恐怖分子增加了炸弹爆炸活动。e.g.Theterroristshaveintensifiedtheirbombingcampaign.科学家们更加努力工作加紧搜寻这种新的基因.e.g.Intense:

adj.

强烈的，剧烈的Intensity:

n.

强烈，剧烈399.InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmorearticulatelyamatteroffeeling.Adolescents,boysandgirls,formdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether-notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreams,toformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends"uncle"and"aunt."BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthecongenialityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedonmutualityoffeeling,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregardedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeirrevocablybinding.YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipswithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.PartIII.Para.940QuestionsWhatisaGerman’sexpectationuponhisfriend?IsitcommonforaGermantobringhisfriendshome?

ToGermans,whatmayleadtothebreakofafriendship?4118.

Incontrastwith/to(L.66):becompletelydifferentfrom和...形成对比/对照Incontrastwiththeiroldhouseinthecountrywhichwaslargeandspacious,theirnewLondonflatseemedsmallanddark.

和他们在乡下又大又宽敞的老房子相比，他们在伦敦的新公寓看上去又小有暗。e.g.LanguagePoints4219.notsomuchtodo…astodo…(L.69)

:不是为了……而是为了……Thesecollegestudentsworkparttime,notsomuchtomakemoneyastogainexperienceoutsidethecampus.这些大学生打工的目的不是为了挣钱，而是为了获得社会经验。e.g.4320.

Adolescents,boysandgirls,formdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether-notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreams,toformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother’sandtheirowninnerlife:(L69-74)Meaning:

Youngteenagers,boysandgirls,developdeepemotionalrelations,walkandtalktogethernottoincreasetheirwitsbuttosharetheirhopes,fearsanddreamsandto

formaunifiedgrouptofightagainsttheworldofschoolandfamily;andtojointogethertodiscovertheinnerlife—theirthoughts,feelingsandwayofthinking--amongthemselves译文：青少年男女，形成深厚的感情关系，一起散步，一起聊天——更多的是分享希望、恐惧或梦想而不是磨砺智慧。他们形成一个统一战线来对抗学校家庭这类外部世界，共同探究彼此或自己的内心世界。4421.

thebreathoflife(to/forsb.)(L.81):theimportantthinginone’slife;thingthatstimulatesorinspiressb.

必不可少的东西,象空气一样的东西，某人的精神支柱Tomostwesterners,religionisthebreathoflife.对于很多西方人来说，宗教是他们不可或缺的精神支柱。e.g.4522.

BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthecongenialityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife:

(L.79~81)Meaning:

Frenchfriendshavechoseneachotherforthepleasureandagreementoftheirpointofview.Forthem,livelydisagreementandsharpargumentationwillonlylivenuptheirlifeandfriendship.

译文：在法国朋友中间，由于他们选择对方往往是为着寻求观点一致，因此生动活泼的意见不一致以及激烈的争执都会是他们的友谊中必不可少的。4623.(be)subjectto

(L.87)1)likelytobeaffectedbysomething,especiallysomethingunpleasant

易受…的，倾向某事物，常有或常遭某事物在冬天，孩子们很容易感冒。e.g.Inwinter,childrenaresubjecttocolds.一下大雪火车就往往误点。e.g.Trainsaresubjecttodelaysaftertheheavysnowfalls.4724.(be)subjectto:

2)underthecontrol/authorityofsb.else,受人支配的，服从的这个国家的全体公民都必须服从法律。e.g.Allcitizensinthisnationaresubjecttothelaw.

你的假期可视天气变化而决定。e.g.Yourvacationissubjecttothechangingweatherpatterns.3)dependingonsthasacondition,以某事物为条件的，取决于某事物4810.Englishfriendshipsfollowstilladifferentpattern.Theirbasisissharedactivity.Activitiesatdifferentstagesoflifemaybeofverydifferentkinds-discoveringacommoninterestinschool,servingtogetherinthearmedforces,takingpartinaforeignmission,stayinginthesamecountryhouseduringacrisis.Inthemidstoftheactivity,whateveritmaybe,peoplefallintostep-sometimestwomenortwowomen,sometimestwocouples,sometimesthreepeople-andfindthattheywalkorplayagameortellstoriesorserveonatiresomeandexactingcommitteewiththesameeasyanticipationofwhateachwilldodaybydayorinsomecriticalsituation.AmericanswhohavemadeEnglishfriendscommentthat,evenyearslater,"Youcantakeupjustwhereyouleftoff."Meetingafteralonginterval,friendsarelikeacouplewhobegintodanceagainwhentheorchestrastrikesupafterapause.Englishfriendshipsareformedoutsidethefamilycircle,buttheyarenot,asinGermany,contrapuntaltothefamilynorarethey,asinFrance,separatedfromthefamily.AndabreakinanEnglishfriendshipcomesnotnecessarilyasaresultofsomeirreconcilabledifferenceofviewpointorfeelingbutinsteadasaresultofmisjudgment,whereonefriendseriouslymisjudgeshowtheotherwillthinkorfeeloract,sothatsuddenlytheyareoutofstep.PartIV.Para.1049QuestionsWhatarethebasesofEnglishfriendships?What,doyouthink,leadstoabreakinanEnglishfriendship?

WhatstrikingcharacteristicofEnglishfriendshipimpressesAmerican?5025.fallintostep(L.101):

walkormoveinrhythm;beinconformitywithone‘senvironment.步调一致LanguagePoints在同一个宿舍住了三个月以后，这四个女孩在她们的时间安排的很多方面都步调一致。e.g.Havinglivedinthesamedormitoryforthreemonths,thefourgirlshavefallenintostepinmanypartsoftheirschedule.5126.exacting:(L.106)makingseveredemands;rigorous;burdensome苛求的,严格的;艰巨的,吃力的学生们抱怨学校不该请一位严格的近乎苛刻的老师。e.g.Thestudentscomplainedthattheschoolshouldnotinvitesuchanexactinginstructor.志愿者需要承担艰巨任务。e.g.Volunteersareneededforanexactingassignment.5227.

andfindthattheywalkorplayagameortellstoriesorserveonatiresomeandexactingcommitteewiththesameeasyanticipationofwhateachwilldodaybydayorinsomecriticalsituation:

(L.104~107)Meaning:andtheyfindthatwhentheyplayagameortellstoriesorserveonaboringandburdensomecommitteetheyhavenodifficultyinguessingorassumingwhattheotherwilldodaybydayorinsomeperilousorgravesituations

译文：他们发现在一起走路、玩游戏、讲故事或为一个令人厌烦的苛求的委员会做事等过程中，都很容易猜想对方一天天都做什么或在某个危机环境中会怎样做。5328.takeup:(L.108)continueastoryoractivity继续，接续讲她接着讲上周汤姆未讲完的故事。e.g.ShetookupthenarrativewhereTomhadleftofflastweek.让我们继续做一班同学中途放弃的工作吧。e.g.Let’stakeuptheworkwherethestudentsinClassOnehavedropped.5429.leaveoff:(L.109)stopdoingsth.停止，终止我们希望雨能够停一个星期让我们及时完成我们的工作。e.g.Wewishedthattherainwouldleaveoffforaweeksothatwemaycompleteourworkintime.有好几次她不得不停下来接电话，然后再接着阅读。e.g.Severaltimesshehadtoleaveoffreadingtoanswerthephone,andthentookupagain.5530.strikeup:(L.110)starttoplaymusicorsing;tobeginorinitiate开始演奏，开始（认识，交谈）客人们一踏入大厅，乐队就开始演奏欢迎进行曲。e.g.Assoonastheguestssteppedintothehall,thebandstruckupawelcomemarch.他经常与陌生人搭讪。e.g.Hewouldoftenstrikeupconversationswithcompletestrangers.5631.Englishfriendshipsareformedoutsidethefamilycircle,buttheyarenot,asinGermany,contrapuntaltothefamilynorarethey,asinFrance,separatedfromthefamily:(L.110~112)Meaning:ontheonehand,theyarenotliketheGermanswhobringtheirfriendstotheirfamilies,whileontheother,theyarenotthesameastheFrenchwhokeeptheirfriendsoutsidetheirfamilies.译文：英国人的友谊是在家庭范围之外形成的，但他们既不像德国人那样与家庭旋律合拍/融为一体，也不像法国人那样与家庭生活完全分离。5732.outof/instep:notmovinginrhythm;notinconformitywithone‘senvironment

与他人步子不一致Theofficerhadsomedifficultyinmakingtherecruitsmarchinginstep.这位军官难以让新兵步调一致地前进。e.g.Yourhairstyleandyourdressareoutofstepwiththetimes.你的发型和穿着都和时代脱节了。e.g.58PartV.Para.1111.What,then,isfriendship?Lookingatthesedifferentstyles,includingourown,eachofwhichisrelatedtoawholewayoflife,aretherecommonelements?Thereistherecognitionthatfriendship,incontrastwithkinship,invokesfreedomofchoice.Afriendissomeonewhochoosesandischosen.Relatedtothisisthesenseeachfriendgivestheotherofbeingaspecialindividual,onwhatevergroundsthisrecognitionisbased.Andbetweenfriendsthereisinevitablyakindofequalityofgive-and-take.Thesimilaritiesmakethebridgebetweensocietiespossible,andtheAmerican'scharacteristicopennesstodifferentstylesofrelation-shipmakesitpossibleforhimtofindnewfriendsabroadwithwhomhefeelsathome.59QuestionsWhat,accordingtotheauthor,isfriendship?6033.invoke:(L.119)callon(ahigherpower)forassistance,support,orinspiration;resortto;useorapply请求;恳求(援助等);求助于；使用;应用尽管公司缺乏资金,经理仍然不愿向银行请求帮助.e.g.Althoughthecompanywaslackoffunds,itsmanagerstillhesitatestoinvokefinancialhelpfromthebank.他借助于巧合来达到反讽效果。e.g.Heinvokescoincidencetoachieveironiceffect.6134.grounds(forsth/todosth)(L.122):reasonforsaying,doingorbelieving.原因,理由(onthe~that).你根据什么说它是真的?e.g.Onwhatgrounddoyousaythatitistrue?你没有抱怨的理由。e.g.Youhavenogroundsforcomplaint/tocomplain.我因为健康缘故不得已才退休了。e.g.IhavetoretireonthegroundsthatIwasill.62Theauthortellsuspeopleindifferentcountryhavedifferentattitudetowards_________.Americanpeopleliketomakefriendswherevertheygo.IntheUnitedStates,friendscanbevariouspeopleandtheycanvisiteachother’shomeswithout_________.InFrance,friendshipisusuallyregardedasarelationshipbetween_____.Friendsarethepeoplewho_________yourbestqualitiesandwithwhomyou______.In________,friendsaretheoneswhoshareyourfeelingsandsoareoftenbroughthometomeetthefamily.InEngland,friendsarethepeoplewhosharethesame_________andhaveacommoninterest.Inaword,friendship_______freedomandtheequalityof____________.friendshipceremonymendrawoutsparkleGermanyexperiencegive-and-takeinvokesSummaryoftheText63WritingStyle&MethodsWritingStyle:ArgumentationWritingMethod:ClassificationandDivisionArgument:Friendship,althoughindifferentstyles,invokesfreedomandtheequalityofgive-and-take.Division:

1.InAmerica2.InFrance3.InGermany4.InEngland大学英语教程3读写译BACKSTUDYANDPRACTICEUNITEIGHT64VocabularyA.Fillintheblanksinthefollowingsentenceswiththewordslistedinthebox.Changetheformsofthesewordswherenecessary.