汉英翻译Introduction第一周课件

翻译技巧翻译方法翻译程序翻译标准翻译分类翻译定义译者素养翻译简介练习Thepaintisnotyetdry.Thatstatehasadryclimateinwinter.Sheaskedforadrymartini.Theshipwasdryandnoliquorwasallowed.Hedelightedhisfriendswithadry,covertsenseofhumor.他的朋友们喜欢他含蓄冷面的幽默感。dryseason干旱期;旱季adrywell枯井dryeyes无泪的双眼adrycough干咳adrynovel枯燥无味的小说adryanswer冷淡的回答dryfacts铁的事实;毫不掩饰的事实adrynegotiation毫无收获的谈判dryfiring空弹射击

dryrun演习;摹拟投弹练习Thecowisdry.母牛缺奶。Theboyfeltdry.这孩子口渴了。Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.(EugeneA.NidaandCharlesR.Taber,1982:12)Someterms:sourcelanguagetargetlanguage/receptorlanguagetranslatororiginalversiontranslationmainClassificationofTranslation1.Intralingual/interlingualtranslation2.Oralinterlingualtranslation/interpretation,writteninterlingualtranslation,machinetranslation3.translationofdifferentgenres(sci-tifictranslation,literarytranslation,etc)4.complete/fulltranslation,partialtranslation/selectivetranslation,abstracttranslation,translationplusediting,etcmainQualitiesforagoodtranslator1.goodbi-lingualcompetence,esp.understandingandexpressingYoucan’tbetoocareful.Itisfiveyearssincehesmoked.Thislargebodyofmenhadmetonthepreviousnight,despitetheelementswhichwereopposedtothem,aheavyrainfallingthewholeofthenightanddrenchingthemtotheskin.这一大群人头天晚上还是聚到了一起，尽管老天与他们作对，整夜下着倾盆大雨，大家被淋着浑身湿透。2.broadknowledgeBigbrother(fromthenameoftheheadofstateinOrwell'sNineteenEighty-four)

;kickbucket;3.translationstrategies,techniques4.carefulandconscientiousattitudemainPrincipleoftranslationfaithfulness,expressiveness,elegance信达雅-----严复《天演论》faithfulness,expressiveness,closeness信达切-----刘重德《翻译十讲》spiritualconformity以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似-----傅雷Adaptation化境-----钱仲书Excellenttranslationfaithfullyreflectsalltheoriginalpassageinvocabulary,syntax,evenpunctuationandspelling.faithfulness,smoothness例句从小儿三灾八难，花的银子也照样打出你这么个银人儿来了。（《红楼梦》）You’vehadonetroubleafteranothersinceyouwereaboy,themoneywe’vespentonyouwouldmakeasilverstatuebiggerthanyou.Faithfulnessbefaithfultothecontent1>Avoidwordforwordtranslation2>Avoidculturalmisunderstanding3>Avoidthemisunderstandingofidiomsbefaithfultothestyle1>Avoidwordforwordtranslationgreatestcompensationforwrongfulimprisonment.1．对错误监禁的最大数额的赔偿。2．最大数额的冤狱赔偿金。Thechiefcriminalsshallbepunishedwithoutfail.主要罪犯绝对要受到惩罚。首恶必办。Didn’tyougotoseethefilmlastnight?No,Ididn’t.你昨晚没去看电影是吗？是的，我没去。main2>AvoidculturalmisunderstandingLoveme,lovemydog.Everydoghasitsday.talkhorsetheMilkyWaytheappleofmyeyemain3>AvoidthemisunderstandingofidiomsYoucannottrusthimtokeepasecret,heissuretospillthebeansbeforelong.切勿相信他会保守秘密，过不久他肯定会泄露于人的。Iamsorry.Iwilleatmywords.对不起，我收回我说的话。

mainFaithfultothestyleformal&informalpositive/negativehumorous/rigidThatmanwassorudetome.Iwouldn’tgobacktothatjobforalltheteainChina!那人对我太无礼了,我无论如何也不再去做那份工作了.那家伙对我太无礼了,八抬大轿来请,我也不去做那份工作了.Iamuptomyneckinyourbullshit.你害得我好苦。你让我倒他妈的八辈子邪霉了。mainProcessoftranslation1.Understanding1.Understandingthemeaningofdictioninthecontext2.Understandingthebackground2.expressingandre-expressing1.Expressing2.Re-expressing3.editing1-1.UnderstandingthemeaningofdictioninthecontextA)DrawalinefromAtoB.B)Theshipcrossedtheline.C)Cookingismoreinyourlinethanmine.D)Sheboughtanovercoatlinedwithsilk.Theprocessofunderstandingfirstreading,generalreadingformainidea,theme,backgroundsecondreading,carefulreadingfordetailsfinalreadingforstylisticfeatures,spiritHowtounderstand1)contextualanalysisTheslumsofferedanuglycontrasttotheclassicalgrandeurofofficialWashington.ThebaseballseasonopensthisafternoonandIsuspectthatmostofofficialWashingtonareoutatthefield,includingthepresidentandmanyofthemembersoftheCabinet.JohnisnowwithhisparentsinNewYork;itisthreeyearssincehewasahighschoolteacherinWashington.2)logicalanalysisTheoldmaninformedusthathiswifehadthirteenchildren,oneineverymonthoftheyearandoneoverbesides.main2-1.Expressing

Expressthecontentandinthemeantimekeeptheoriginalformmainlyincludingstructurearrangement,image,figureofspeech,etc.我从乡下跑到城里来，一转眼已经六年了。Sixyearshavepassedbyinaflash/inatwinklesinceIcametothecityfromthecountryside.

Keeptheoriginalcontent,sacrificingtheform.有个农村叫张家庄，张家庄有个张木匠，张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫“小飞蛾”，“小飞蛾”生了个女儿叫艾艾。

TherewasavillagecalledZhangjiaVillage,wherelivedCarpenterZhang,whohadagoodwife,nicknamedlittleMoth,whogavebirthtoagirlcalledAi’ai.

Creation不爱红装爱武装。prefertofacethepowder,ratherthanpowdertheface.生当为人杰，死亦为鬼雄。Bemanofmen,besoulofsouls.无边落木萧萧下boundlessforestshedsleavesshowerbyshower2-2.Re-expressing1.improvingChinesereadabilityCottonfeelssoft.棉花使人感到柔软。棉花摸上去柔软。Evenifyougothere,therewouldn'tbeanyresult.即使你去了，也不会有什么结果。你去了也是白去。main2.gettingridoftheboundoforiginalwordsAnypersonnotleavinglitterinthisbasketwillbeliabletoafineof￡5.（杂物需扔入篓内，凡乱扔者罚款5英镑）Distancefromtheeventshouldmakethememorieslesspainful.×事件的久远自然会减少回忆的痛苦。

时过境迁，痛苦的往事自然在记忆中淡漠。

Hisirritationcouldnotwithstandthesilentbeautyofthenight.他的烦恼经不起安静的良宵美景的感染力。更深夜静，美景宜人，他的烦恼不禁烟消云散

mainTranslatingMethodsLiteraltranslationFreetranslationTransliterationLiteraltranslationInthecourseoftranslation,notaltertheoriginalsentencepattern,structure,image,figuresofspeech.Ittakessentencesasitsbasicunitsandtakesthewholetextintoconsideration.Itstrivestoreproduceboththeideologicalcontentandthestyleoftheoriginalworks.Thetranslationshouldbesmooth,naturalandacceptable.mainFreetranslationTranslatethecontent,withoutpayingattentiontotheformalcorrespondenceandthetranslationshouldbesmooth,naturalandacceptable.Itisasupplementarymeanstomainlyconveythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouthavingtoreproduceitssentencepatternsorfiguresofspeech,images,etc.Literalorfreetranslation?Valuableleftinfullviewcanbeopeninvitationtotheft.直译：把贵重物品放在显眼处，等于是给小偷发请帖。意译：应妥善保管贵重物品，以防被盗。Agiftisthekeytoopenthedoorclosedagainst.直译：礼物是打开把你关在门外的房门的钥匙。意译：大门把你关在外，礼物送到门自开。Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.直译：每个人的一生都既有玫瑰，又有荆棘。意译：人生总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。Itmeanskilling2birdswithonestone.这意味着一石二鸟/一举两得/一箭双雕不要班门弄斧Don’tteachyourgrandmothertosuckeggs.Neveroffertoteachafishtoswim.Don’tdisplayyouraxeatluBan’sdoor.HitlerwasarmedtotheteethwhenhelunchedWWII.（武装到牙齿/全副武装，装备齐全）Don’tshedcrocodiletears.（鳄鱼的眼泪、/假惺惺的哭）Thereisnopotsouglyitcan’tfindalid.(壶再丑，也能找到盖子/鱼恋鱼，虾恋虾，乌龟找王八）Barbarawasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.（嘴里叼着银羹出生/出生于富贵人家）Castpearlsbeforeswine.（把珍珠扔到猪面前/对牛弹琴）WhenGreekmeetsGreek,thencomesthetugofwar.张飞杀岳飞，杀的满天飞两雄相遇，其斗必烈。SolomonInthekingdomoftheblind,theone-eyedmanisKing.（生在盲人国，独眼也称王）cryupwineandsellvinegar（喊卖酒其实是卖醋/挂羊头卖狗肉）gentlemen’sagreement君子协定Youcantakeahorsetothewaterbutcannotmakeitdrink.老牛不喝水,不能强按头IwantamanwhowillthrowhishatovertheChindwin.我要的是这样一个人，他会在钦敦江破釜沉舟死breatheone’slastgotoone’seternalrestthelongsleeppassawayseeGodseeMarxseeone’sancestorsgowestgotoheavenkickthebucketpapertiger纸老虎、外强中干者thethreereligionsandthenineschoolsofthought三教九流theFourBooksandtheFiveClassics四书五经mainTransliteration字译/音译1)pronunciationYinYang,logic,gongfu,TaiChi,kowtou2)namesandplaceswithspecialmeaningandimplicationtyphoon,model,hacker贾宝玉（MagicJade)3)similarmeaningandsimilarpronunciationfortrademarksorbrandnamesKodak;Pentium（奔腾中央处理器）;Tencent（腾讯）4)abbreviations,acronyms(internationalpractice)GallupPoll;盖洛普民意测验OPECmainSkillsofTranslation1.Amplification（增词法）2.Omission（减词法）3.Conversion（转译法）4.Extension（引申法）5.Repetition(重复法）6.Reconstructuring(结构调整法）7.Mutualtransformationofaffirmativeandnegativeexpressions(正反和反正译法）mainPracticeAtranslatorhastoknoweverythingofsomethingandsomethingofeverything一个笔译人员对一些事情要什么都懂，对所有事情都要懂一些。翻译人员对有些事情要无所不晓，对所有事情又要略知一二。翻译人员搞学问，既要精深，又要渊博。Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse,andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长