2023年高考英语复习全国通用第12讲阅读理解推理判断题(练)(原卷版)

第12讲阅读理解推理判断题（缥）

A

SophiaGholzisanaward-winningchildren'sbookauthor,musiclover,andmagicseeker.Sophiaenjoys

writingfictionwithhumorandheart.Whenwritingnonfiction,shepullsonherloveofscienceandherfamily

backgroundinecology.

Herbook,TheBoyWhoGrewaForest,sharesthetruestoryofJadavPayeng,amaninIndiawhosingle­

handedlyplantedanentireforestoverthecourseofhislifetime.Whenhewasyounger,JadavPayengwas

shockedbythedestructionofhisislandhome.Sohetookmattersintohisownbandsandbeganplantingoneseed

atatime.Jadav*sforestisnowover1300acresandprovidesahometomanyanimals,someendangered.Jadavis

stillplantingtodayandhishardworkhasnowbeencelebratedaroundtheworld.

Towritethisstory,SophiagottoknowmoreaboutJadavPayengandhisforestthroughadocumentaryfilm

calledForestMan.Influencedbyherfather,aforestecologistandascientist,shegrewuplearningaboutthe

importanceoftreesandthenaturalworld.Whensheheardaboutamanonamissiontoreforestanentireisland

onhisown,shewasdrawntothisstory.

Asforresearch,mostofherresearchwasdoneonline.Shereadeverynewsarticlethatshecouldfindabout

Jadavandlistenedtoeveryinterview.ThenshereachedouttoseveralpeoplewhohadmetorinterviewedJadav

aswell,includingtheproducerofhisshortdocumentaryfilm.

ShehopesthatTheBoyWhoGrewaForestlightsasparkineveryonewhoreadsittogooutandcareforour

beautifulplanet.She*dloveyoungreaderstobeinspiredtoplantortolearnmoreaboutanimalhabitats,

biodiversityandscienceingeneral.

1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Astoryonhowtoplanttrees.B.Endangeredanimalsintheforest.

C.DestructionofJadav'sislandhome.D.Abookintroducingatree-plantinghero.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutJadavPayeng?

A.Hehasquitplantingrecently.B.Heisknowntomanypeople..

C.HewasanactorofForestMan.D.Heplantedtreeswithhisfamily.

3.WhichwordscanbestdescribeJadavPayeng?

A.Humorousandskilled.B.Creativeandoutgoing.

C.Determinedanddiligent.D.Controversialandhelpful.

4.WhafsthepurposeofwritingTheBoyWhoGrewaForest?

A.Toencourageresearchonwildlife.B.Todescribeaboy'sfarmingexperience.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofplantingtrees.D.Toadvocatetheactiontoprotecttheearth.

B

It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackat

viewers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheyareintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturns

outwrong.

Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatanangleof15.4°offtothe

viewer'sright—welloutsidetherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightat

them.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,"She'snotlookingatyou.,,

Thisisironic（讽刺）,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson'sgaze（凝视）inaphotographorpainting

seemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe“MonaLisaeffect”,whichisabsolutelyreal.Ifapersonisillustratedor

photographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeing

lookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson'sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMona

Lisaeffectoccurs.

Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationof

artificial-intelligenceavatars（虚拟头像）whenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe"MonaLisa"andrealizedshe

wasn'tlookingathim.

Tomakesureitwasn'tjusthim,theresearchersgathered24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”ona

computerscreen.Theysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhich

numberontherulerintersected（相交）MonaLisa'sgaze.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa'sgazeasshe

lookedattheviewer,theymovedtherulerfartherfromorclosertothescreenduringthestudy.Consistently,the

researchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomaninthe“MonaLisa"portraitwasnotlookingstraightatthem,

butslightlyofftotheirright.

Sowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewer?Horstmannisn'tsure.Ifs

possible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.

Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffect“justthoughtitwasacoolname.

5.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa“.

A.attractstheviewerstolookback

B.seemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyes

C.fixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewers

D.looksatobserverswherevertheystand

6.Whatdidthenewstudyfind?

A.TheMonaLisaeffectdoesnotreallyexist.

B.Themysteryofthewoman'ssmileinthepainting.

C.TheangleofthegazeinMonaLisaeffect.

D.MonaLisaeffectdoesnotoccurwithMonaLisa.

7.Theexperimentinvolving24peoplewasconductedto.

A.confirmHorstmann'sbelief

B.createartificial-intelligenceavatars

C.calculatetheangleofMonaLisa'sgaze

D.showhowtheMonaLisaeffectcanbeapplied

8.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Horstmannthinksitcooltocointheterm“MonaLisaeffect”.

B.TheMonaLisaeffectcontributestothecreationofartificialintelligence.

C.FeelingbeinggazedatbyMonaLisamaybecausedbythedesireforattention.

D.Thepositionoftherulerintheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers5judgement.

C

Teachingchildrentoempathizewithothersmeasurablyimprovestheircreativity,andcouldpotentiallylead

toseveralotherbenefits,newresearchsuggests.

Thefindingsarefromayear-longUniversityofCambridgestudywithDesignandTechnology(D&T)year9

pupilsattwoLondonschools.PupilsatSchoolAspenttheyearfollowingthestandardcurriculum,whileSchool

B'sD&Tlessonsusedasetofengineeringdesignthinkingtoolstofosterstudents'creativityandempathyin

solvingreal-worldproblems.

BothsetsofpupilswereassessedforcreativityatthestartandendoftheschoolyearusingtheTorranceTest

ofCreativeThinking:awell-establishedpsychologicaltest.

TheresultsshowedasignificantincreaseincreativityamongpupilsatSchoolB.Atthestart,thecreativity

scoresofpupilsinSchoolAwere11%higherthanthoseatSchoolB.Bytheend,however,creativityscoresfrom

SchoolBwere78%higher.

PupilsfromSchoolBagainscoredhigherincategoriessuchas''emotionalexpressiveness^^and

“open-mindedness"，indicatinganimprovementinempathywasdrivingtheoverallcreativityscores.

Meanwhile,thestudysuggestsencouragingempathycandeepenpupils'generalengagementwithlearning.

TheyfoundthatboysinSchoolBshowedanimprovementinemotionalexpression,scoring64%higherattheend

oftheyearthanatthestart,whilegirlsimprovedmoreregardingcognitiveempathy,showing62%more

perspective-taking.

Theresearchispartofalong-termcooperationbetweentheFacultyofEducationandtheDepartmentof

EngineeringattheUniversityofCambridge,ledbyBillNichollandIanHosking.''Teachingforempathyhasbeen

problematicdespitebeingpartoftheNationalCurriculumforovertwodecades.Ifsvitalifwewanteducationto

encouragethedesignersandengineersoftomorrow."saidNicholl.

9.WhatwasthepurposetointroduceengineeringdesignthinkingtoolsinD&-Tlessons?

A.Toassessthepupils1creativityaccurately.

B.Toshowthesuperiorityofstandardcurriculum

C.Totrainpupilstoempathizewithothersinreality.

D.Toimprovepupils*involvementwithclassactivities.

10.Howdidtheresearchersgettheresult?

A.Bydoinganexperiment.

B.Byconductinginterviews.

C.Bygivingoutquestionnaires.

D.Byreferringtorelatedliterature.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthestudyresult?

A.ThecreativityofpupilsinSchoolBalwaystookthelead.

B.TheempathyofpupilsinSchoolApromotestheircreativity.

C.Boysandgirlsdi徐redintheirchangeduetotheD&Tcourse.

D.Teachingforempathyhasalreadyachievedalotduetoeducationreform.

12.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?

A.Apopularjournal.

B.Apoliticalreport.

C.Anautobiography.

D.Asciencemagazine.

D

Withthesocialmediafreelyavailable,Fverealizedhoweasyitistobecomeajealouscow.Thetruthisthat

howevermuchIremindmyselfofthemanywonderfulthingsIhaveinmylife,therearestillmomentswhenI

lookatthosearoundmeandfeelbitterlyupsetbytheirsuccess.

It,sahorriblethingtoadmit!Inanidealworld,Fdneverwanttobejealousofanotherperson,sachievements

andFdwanttocelebratethesuccessesofmyfriends.Butsometimesifshard,evenwhenwewantto.ButIdon't

wanttolivemylifeasajealouscow,andIassumeyoudon*teither.

Ifseasiertocelebrateotherpeople'swinsifyoucelebrateyourown.Howoftendowetakethetimetoenjoy

oursuccessratherthaninstantlymoveontothenextthingwewanttoachieve?Lastyear,Idecidedtowriteabook.

ItwastheonlyprofessionalgoalIsetformyselfand,whileittiredmeout,Igotthere.Butassoonasitwasdone,

Istartedplanningmynextgoal-makingthebookasuccess.AsIsawotherpeoplepublishingbooks,Istopped

celebratingandinsteadbegantofearthatminewouldn*tcompete.

WhenItoldafriendhowIwasfeeling,sheremindedmehowmucheasieritistoclapforsomeoneelse

whenwealsoclapforourselves.So,Itookmyselfoutforlunch,orderedaglassofwineandwrotemyselfa

congratulationscard.WhenIsawallthoseotherbooksbeingwrittenonmysocialmedia,Ifeltproudofeachand

everyoneofuswhohadbattledtotheendofthewordcount.

Theothertrickforcelebratingotherpeople'ssuccessistorealizethatthereisnolimitonsuccess.Wecan

makemore,whichmeansthatwhileitmightseemasifothershaveeverythingandwehavenothing,therealityis

thatlifeturnsquicklyandourluckcouldchangeatanytime.Ifothershaveachievedthosethings,wecantoo.

Whenwecelebrateothers,we'reacknowledgingtheirachievementsbutalsocheeringforourselvesaswellasfor

ourhopesanddreamsandourbeliefthatwecanmakethemhappen.Andhopefully,whenwedo,thosepeople

willcheerforustoo.

13.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?

A.Socialmediaisthesourceoftheauthor'sjealousy.

B.Frequentsuccessesonsocialmediaencourageenvy.

C.Itisapleasuretofaceothers'successesonsocialmedia.

D.Peopletendtobecrazyaboutimmediatesuccessonline.

14.Asfarastheauthorisconcerned,whatshouldwedoafterachievingsuccess?

A.Appreciatewhat'sbeendone.

B.Showitoffonsocialmedia.

C.Reflectongainsandlosses.

D.Waiteforothers1congratulations.

15.Oneofthekeystoremovingjealousyliesin.

A.pursuingthoseachievablegoals

B.devotingyourselftothenextgoal

C.admittingpersonalincompetence

D.changingyourattitudetosuccess

16.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.I'msohappyforus!

B.Whataconsideratefriend!

C.Idon'tcareaboutit!

D.Howselflessyoucanbe!

E

Flocksofhundredsofregenthoneyeaters（王吸蜜鸟）couldoncebespottedalloversouth-easternAustralia

onaregularbasis,buttodaythespeciesiscriticallyendangered,withonly300believedtoexistintheentire

world.Theywerealsoknownforthecomplexityoftheirmatingsongs,butastheirnumbersstarteddeclining,

scientistsstartednoticingmaleregenthoneyeatersdidn'tevensoundliketheirspeciesanymore.Today,thereis

enoughevidencethatregenthoneyeatershaveforgottenhowtosing,whichcouldcausetheentirespeciestogo

extinct.

Atonepoint,Australianscientistsnoticedthatmaleregenthoneyeaterswereimitating（模仿）thesongsof

otherbirdspecies.Someexpertsbelievedthattheimitationwasapurposefulstrategytoavoidattacksfromtheir

enemies.However,arecentstudyshowedotherwise.Youngregenthoneyeaterslearntheirsongsfromadult

membersoftheirspecies,justlikehumanchildrenlearntospeak,butbecausetheyarespreadsothinintheir

habitat-theycouldoccupyprobably10timesthesizeoftheUKbutarereallysmallinquantity-manymalesdon't

gettolistentotherightsongs,sotheystartadoptingthetunesofotherbirdspecies.Theproblemisthatthese

aren'tthesongsfemaleregenthoneyeaterswanttohear,sotheirchancesoffindingamateareveryslim.

Scientistsarenowplanningtocatchwildmalesthatcansingandputthemnexttocagedregenthoneyeaters

sothattheyoungbirdscanlearntherightsong.Theythenplantoreleasethemintothewildeveryfewyears,

wheretheywillhopefullybeabletoattractfemalesandreproduce.

“Thisstudyshowshowdamagingpopulationdeclinesandhabitatfragmentation（碎片）mightbetothis

criticalprocessinthelifeofsongbirds,“saidDrSueZollinger,anexpertinanimalcommunicationfrom

ManchesterMetropolitanUniversity.

17.Whyareregenthoneyeatersfacedwithextinction?

A.Theyareshortoffood.B.Theyareincapableofimitation.

C.Theirhabitatsarebadlydestroyed.D.Malebirdsfailtosingtherightsongs.

18.Whatisparagraph2intendedtodo?

A.Analysethereason.B.Drawaconclusion.

C.Presenttheproblem.D.Addsomebackground.

19.Whatarescientistsdoingtohelpthehoneyeaters?

A.Broadcastingmatingsongstotheyoungbirds.

B.Introducingwildbirdstoteachcagedones.

C.Trainingthemtoescapefromtheenemies.

D.Spreadingthemindifferenthabitats.

20.WhydoesthewritermentionDrSueZollinger'swords?

A.Toindicatethedifficultyofcatchingwildbirds.

B.Tooffersomestrategiesforanimalcommunication.

C.Topointoutthecriticaltunesofthebird'smatingsongs.

D.Tostressthesignificanceofanidealpopulationperhabitat.

F

OnJuly24,2020,MikeStoutlaunchedhiskayak（皮筏艇）justbefore8：30a.m.About56milesand16.5

hourslater,helandedonthesandyMichiganshore.ItwashissecondtimecrossingLakeMichigan.

Bychance,Stoutsaid,hegavekayakingatryin2016.Alreadyingoodphysicalcondition,heconsidered

kayakingaweekendescape.Thenhewaschallengedbyaclientofhisfirmtothinkbigger.Hedidgobigquickly.

Weekendkayaktripswere40,50and60mileslongoverthenextfewmonths.ThenhisgoalwastocrossLake

Michiganthatyear.OnAugust3,StoutcompletedhisfirstcrossingofLakeMichiganin15.5hours.Sincethen,

he'sfinishedcountlesslong-distancetripsonMinnesotariversandlakes.

InheadingbacktoLakeMich