2013年职称英语真题综合

1.Comeout,orthedoorA. B. C. D.2.willneedtokeepwaryeyeonthisareaofA. B. C. D.3.TherulesaretoallowforhumaneA. B. C. D.ItseemedincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekA. B. C. D.TheseanimalsmigratesouthannuallyinsearchofA. B. C. D.RumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialA.B.C.7.camethreechildrenunderaD.D.foundbyC.wokeB.tookanoticeA.passed8.IhavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessfortheA. B. C. D.9.Asapolitician,heknowshowA.B. C.10.Hebythehighsalaryofferedby.A. B. C. D.11.Hepaused,waitingforhertheD.D.C.B.A.12.MakesurethetableissecurelyA. B. C. D.13.ShewhensheisA. B.C.14.Therewasinthewayhe.A. B. C. D.15.ThecontractbetweenthetwocompaniesA.A. B. C. D.KickingtheWhatWhatisabadhabit?Themostcommondefinitionisthatitissomethingthatwedoregularly,almostwithoutaboutaboutit,andwhichhassomesortofnegativeconsequence.Thisconsequencecouldaffectthosearoundus,orcouldaffect ally.Thosewhodenyhavingbadhabitsareprobablylying.BadhabitsarepartofwhatusManyearlyhabits,likesuckingourthumb,arebrokenwhenweareveryyoung.Weareeithertoldtostopngitbyourparents,orweconsciouslyorsubconsciouslyobservethatothersdonothavethesamehabit,andwegraduallygrowoutofit.Itiswhenweintentionallyorunintentionallypickupnewhabitsinourlaterchildhoodorearlyadulthoodthatit esaproblem.Unlesswecanbreakthathabitearlyon,it es“programmed”intoourbrain.Arecentstudyofhumanmemorysuggeststhatnomatterhowhardwetrytochangeourhabits,itistheoldwaysthattendtowin,especiallyinsituationswherewearerushed,stressedoroverworked.Habitsthatwethoughtwehadgotridofcansuddenlycomeback.Duringthestudyprogramme,theresearchersshowedagroupofvolunteersseveralpictures,andgavethemwordstoassociatewiththem.Theythenshowedthevolunteersthesamepicturesagain,andgavethemnewwordstoassociatewiththem.Afewdayslater,thevolunteersweregivenatest.Theresearchersshowedthemthepictures,andtoldthemtorespondwithoneofthewordstheyhadbeengivenforeachone.Itcameasnosurprisethattheiranswersweresplitbetweenthefirstsetofwordsandthesecond.Twoweekslater,theyweregiventhesametestagain.Thistime,mostofthemonlygavethefirstsetofwords.Theyappearedtohavecomple yforgottenthesecondset.Thestudyconfirmsthattheresponseswelearnfirstarethosethatremainstrongestovertime.Wemaytrytochangeourways,butafterawhile,theresponsethatcomestomindfirstisusuallythefirstonewelearned.Themorethatresponseisused,themoreautomaticit esandtheharderit estorespondinanyotherway.Thestudythereforesuggeststhatovertime,ourbadhabitsalso eautomatic,learnedbehaviour.Thisisnotgoodnewsforpeoplewhopickedupbadhabitsearlyinlifeandnowwanttochangeorbreakthem.Evenwhenwetrytoputnew,goodintentionsintopractice,thosepreviouslylearnedhabitsremainstrongerinmoreautomatic,unconsciousformsofmemory.16.BoysusuallydevelopbadhabitswhentheyareveryA.A. B. C.not17.Wecanonlybreakbadhabitsif lustodoA. B. C.notBadhabitsmayresumewhenweareunderA.A. B. C.notResearchersweresurprisedbytheanswersthatthevolunteersgaveinthefirstA.A. B. C.notThevolunteersfoundthetestmoredifficultwhentheydiditthesecondA.A. B. C.notThestudysuggeststhatitismoredifficulttorespondtowhatwelearnA.A. B. C.notIfwedevelopbadhabitsearlyinlife,theyarehardertogetridA.A. B. C.Not第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分） 第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。TrafficJams—NoEndin Trafficcongestionaffectspeoplethroughouttheworld.Trafficjamscausesmogindozensofcitiesacrossboththedevelopedanddeveloworld.IntheU.S.,commutersspendanaverageofafullworkweekeachyearsittingintraffic,accordingtotheTexasTransportationInstitute.Whilealternativewaysofgettingaroundareavailable,mostpeoplestillchoosetheircarsbecausetheyarelookingforconvenience,comfortandprivacy.Themostpromisingtechniqueforreducingcitytrafficiscalledcongestionpricing,wherebycitieschargeatolltoentercertainpartsoftownatcertaintimesofday.Intheory,ifthetollishighenough,somedriverswillcanceltheirtripsorgobybusortrain.Andinpracticeitseemstowork:Singapore,LondonandStockholmhavereducedtrafficandpollutionincitycentersthankstocongestionpricing.Anotherwaytoreducerushhourtrafficisforemployerstoimplementflexitime,whichletsemployeestraveltoandfromworkatoff-peaktraffictimestoavoidtherushhour.Thosewhohavetotravelduringbusytimescandotheirpartbysharingcars.Employerscanalsoallowmorestaffto mute(workfromhome)soastokeepmorecarsofftheroadaltogether.Someurban nnersstillbelievethatthebestwaytoeasetrafficcongestionistobuildmoreroads,especiallyroadsthatcantakedriversaroundorovercrowdedcitystreets.Butsuchtechniquesdonotreallykeepcarsofftheroad;theyonly modatemoreofthem.AglobalClosingcitycentrestoPayingtoget ngChangingworkAsolutionwhichAglobalClosingcitycentrestoPayingtoget ngChangingworkAsolutionwhichisnotinycomparedwiththe$50billionbeingspentonroadsandbridges. MostAmericandriversthinkitconvenientto.Ifchargedhighenough,somedrivers toentercertainpartsofBuildingmoreroadsisnotaneffectiveway encouragemoreprivatetravelencouragemoreprivatetravelreducetrafficgobydrivespendmore30.The ernment nned IfyoulookupattheskyintheearlyfallinthenorthernpartofNorthAmerica,youmayseegroupsofbirds.Thesebirdsareflyingsouthto ceswheretheycanfindfoodandwarmthforthewinter.Theyaremigrating(迁徙).Theyoungbirdsusuallylearntomigratefromtheirparents.Theyfollowtheirparentssouth,inoneunusualcase,however,theyoungbirdsarefollowingsomethingverydifferent.Thesebirdsareyoungwhoo cranes,andtheyarefollowinganair Theyoungwhoo craneisthelargestbirdthatisnativetoNorthAmerica.Thesebirdsalmostdisappearedinthe1800s.By1941,therewereonlyabout20cranesalive.Inthe1970s,peoplewereworriedthatthesecreatureswereindangerofdisappearingcomple y.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesidentifiedwhoo cranesasanendangeredspeciesthattheyneededtoprotect.Someresearcherstriedtohelp.Theybegantobreedwhoo cranesinspecialparkstoincreasethenumberofbirds.This nwassuccessful.Therewerealotofnewbabybirds.Asthebirdsbecameolder,theresearcherswantedtoreturnthemtonature.However,therewasaproblem:Theseyoungbirdsdidnotknowhowtomigrate.Theyneededhumanhelp.In2001,somepeoplehadacreativeIdea.TheyformedanorganizationcalledOperationMigration.Thisgroupdecidedtouseverylightair nes,insteadofbirds,toleadtheyoungwhoo cranesontheirfirsttripsouth.Theypaintedeachair netolooklikeawhoo crane.Eventhepilotsworespecialclothingtomakethemlooklikecranes.Thecranesbegantotrusttheair nes,andthe nworked.Today, nesstillleadbirdsacrossapproxima y1,200 (1,931kilometers),fromtheUnitedStates-CanadianbordertotheGulfofMexico.Theyleavethebirdsatdifferentsites.Ifatripissuccessful,thebirdscantravelontheirowninthefuture.Then,whenthesebirds eparents,theywillteachtheiryoungtomigrate.ThepeopleofOperationMigrationthinkthisistheonlywaytomaintainthewhoo cranepopulation.OperationMigrationworkswithseveralotherorganizationsand ernmentinstitutes.Together,theyassisthundredsofcraneseachyear.However,someexpertspredictthatsoon,thiswon’tbenecessary.ThankstoOperationMigrationanditspartners,thecranepopulationwillcontinuetomigrate.Hopefully,theywon’tneedhumanhelpanymore. cranesmigrateinwintertoraisebaby cranes.gethumanfindwarmthandlay cranesarenativetoSouththePersianNorthOperationMigrationaimsleadyoungcranesontheirfirsttripteachadultcraneshowtobreedcranesinspecialtransportcranestotheThedistancecoveredbytheyoung cranesontheirtripsouthis IfOperationMigrationissuccessful, craneswillfollow nessoutheverylearntomigrateontheirliveinCanadaallyearbeunabletofly第二篇"LuckyLordLucanAliveorOn8thNovember1974LordLucan,aBritisharistocrat,vanished.Thedaybefore,hischildren'snannyhadbeenbrutallymurderedandhiswifehadbeenattackedtoo.TothisdaytheBritishpublicarestillinterestedinthemurdercasebecauseLucanhasneverbeenfound.Now,over30yearslater,the havereopenedthecase,hothatnewDNAtechniqueswillhelpsolvethismurder edthat"Lucky",ashewascalledbyfriends,wantedtokillhiswifehenolongerlivedwith.TheysaythatLucanenteredhisoldhouseandinthedark,killedthenannybymistake.Hisestrangedwifeheardnoises,camedownstairsandwasalsoattacked,butmanagedtoescape.Sevenmonthsafterthemurder,ajuryconcludedthatLucanhadkilledthenanny.Whathappenednextisunclear,butthereareseveraltheorieswhichfallintooneofthreecategories:hemayhavekilledhimself,hecouldhaveescapedorhemighthavebeenkilled.Itappearsthatthenightafterthemurder,"Lucky"borrowedacaranddroveit,Lucan'sfriendAspinallsaidinaninterviewthathethoughtLucanhadcommittedsuicidebysinkinghisboatintheEnglishChannel.Anotherversionofeventssaysthat"Lucky"lefttheblood-soakedcaronthecoastandtookaferrytoFrance.Hewasmettherebysomeonewhodrovehimtosafetyinanothercountry.However,afteratime,hisrescuersbecameworriedthattheywould einvolvedinthemurdertooandsoLucanwaskilled.AfurtherfascinatingtheorywasmadeinthebookDeadLuckybyDuncanMacLaughlin,aformerdetective.HebelievesthatLucantravelledtoGoa, ,whereheassumedtheidentityofaMrBarryHaplin.LucanthenlivedinGoatillhisdeathin1996.Intheendtheclaimturnedouttobeacaseofmistakenidentity.Themanwhodiedin1996wasreallyHaplin,anex-schoolteacherturnedhippy.Sowhatisthetruthabout"Lucky"?DNAtestinghassolvedmanymurdercases,butwhoknowsifitcanclosethebookonthisone.Britishpublicarestillinterestedinthemurdercasethemurdererwasanthemurderer'sDNAhasbeenthemurdererwasafamousthemurdererhasnotbeenit edthatLucankilledthenannyshewascrueltohissheattackedhisshestolehisshewasmistakenforhisAspinallthoughtLucankilledbysinkinghisinacaronthenight30yearsaftertheby intotheEnglishChannel.AccordingtotheversioninParagraph4,hadescapedbutwaskilledwasinvolvedinamurderinwascaughtinanothermethispartnersonaTheword"assumed"inthelastparagraphsettookOntheTrailoftheHoneyOnarecentfieldtriptotheKalahariDesert,ateamofresearcherslearntalotmoreabouthoneybadgers(獾).Theteamemployedalocalwildlifeexpert,KitsoKhama,tohelpthemlocateandfollowthebadgersacrossthedesert.Theirmainaimwastostudythebadgers’movementsandbehaviourasdiscreetly(谨慎地)aspossible,withoutfrighteningthemawayorcausingthemtochangetheirnaturalbehaviour.Theyalso nnedtotrapafewandstudythemcloseupbeforereleasingthem.Inviewoftheanimal’sreputation,thiswassomethingthatevenKhamawasreluctanttodo.“Theproblemwithhoneybadgersistheyarenaturallycuriousanimalsespeciallywhentheyseesomethingnewhesays.“that,combinedwiththeirunpredictablenature,canbeadangerousmixture.Iftheysenseyouhavefood,forexample,theywon’tbeshyaboutcomingrightuptoyouforsomethingtoeat.They’reactuallyquitesociablecreaturesaroundhumans,butassoonastheyfeeltheymightbeindanger,theycan eextremelyvicious(凶恶的恶的). ythisisrare,butitdoesTheresearchconfirmedmanythingsthatwerealreadyknownAsexpectedhoneybadgersateanycreaturestheycouldcatchandkill.Evenpoisonoussnakes,fearedandavoidedbymostotheranimals,werenotsafefromthem.Theresearchersweresurprisedhoweverbytheanimal’sfondnessforlocalmelonsprobablybecauseoftheirhighwatercontent.Previouslyresearchersthoughtthattheanimalgotallofitsliquidrequirementsfromitsprey(猎物).Theteamalsolearntthat,contrarytopreviousresearchfindings,thebadgersoccasionallyformedloosefamilygroupsTheywerealsoabletoconfirmcertainresultsfrompreviousresearchincludingthefactthatfemalebadgersneversocializedwitheachother.Followingsomeofthemalebadgerswasachallenge,sincetheycancoverlargedistancesinashortspaceoftime.Somehuntingterritoriescovermorethan500squarekilometers.Althoughtheyseemhappytosharetheseterritorieswithothermales,thereareoccasionalfightsoveranimportantfoodsource,andmalebadgerscanbeasaggressivetowardseachotherastheyaretowardsotherspecies.Asthebadgersbecameaccustomedtothepresenceofpeople,itgavetheteamthechancetogetupclosetowithoutbeingthesubjectoftheanimal’scuriosity—ortheirsuddenaggression.Thebadgers’eatingpatterns,whichhadbeendisrupted,returnedtonormal.Italsoallowedtheteamtoobservemorecloselysomeoftheothercreaturesthatformworkingassociationswiththehoneybadger,astheseseemedtoadoptthebadgers’relaxedattitudewhennearhumans. WhydidthewildlifeexpertsvisittheKalahariToobservehowhoneybadgersTofindwherehoneybadgersTocatchsomehoneybadgersforTofindoutwhyhoneybadgershaveabadWhatdoesKitsoKhamasayabouthoneyTheyshowinterestinthingstheyarenotfamiliarTheyarealwayslookingforTheydonotenjoy ItiscommonforthemtoattackWhatdidtheteamfindoutabouthoneyThereweresomecreaturestheydidnotTheywereafraidofpoisonousTheymaygetsomeofthewatertheyneededfromFemalebadgersdidnotmixwithmaleWhichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofmaleTheydon’trunveryTheyhuntoveraverylargeTheydefendtheirterritoryfromotherTheyaremoreaggressivethanWhathappenedwhenhoneybadgersgotusedtohumansaroundTheybecamelessaggressivetowardsotherTheystartedeatingOtheranimalsstartedworkingwithTheylostinterestin第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分） 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文TheToughGrassthatSweetensOurSugarcanewasonceawildgrassthatgrewinNewGuineaandwasusedbylocalpeopleforroofingtheirhousesandfencingtheirgardens.Graduallyadifferentvarietyevolvedwhichcontainedsucroseandwaschewedonforitssweettaste.Overtime,sugarcanebecameahighlyvaluablecommercial nt,grownthroughouttheworld. Sugarbecameavitalingredientinallkindsofthings,fromconfectionerytomedicine,and,asthedemandforsugargrew,theindustrybecamelargerandmoreprofitable.47 .Manycropswitheredanddied,despitegrowers’attemptstosavethem,andtherewerefearsthatthehealthofthe ntwouldcontinuetoInthe1960s,scientistsworkinginBarbadoslookedforwaystomakethecommercialspeciesstrongerandmoreabletoresistdisease.Theyexperimentedwithbreedingprogrammes,mixinggenesfromthewildspeciesofsugarcane,whichtendstobetougher,withgenesfromthemoredelicate,commercialtype.48. Thissugarcaneisnotyetreadytobesoldcommercially,butwhenthishappens,itisexpectedtobeincrediblyprofitablefortheBrazil,whichproducesonequarteroftheworld'ssugar,hascoordinatedaninternationalprojectunderProfessorPauloArrudooftheUniversidadeEstaudualdeCampinasinSaoPaulo.Teamsofexpertshaveworkedwithhimtodiscovermoreaboutwhichpartsofthegeneticstructureofthe ntareimportantfortheproductionofsugaranditsoverallhealth.Despitealltheresearch,however,westilldonotfullyunderstandhowthegenesfunctioninsugarThisgeneisparticularlyexcitingbecauseitmakesthe ntresistanttorust,adiseasewhichprobablyoriginatedin ,butisnowcapableofinfectingsugarcaneacrosstheworld.Scientistsbelievetheywilleventuallybeabletogrowa ntwhichcannotbedestroyedbyrust. y,however, ntstarted eweakerandmorepronetoSugarcanewasnowmuchvigorousandthesupplyofsugaristhereforemoreOnemajorgenehasbeenidentifiedbyDrAngeliqueD'HontandherteaminMontpelier,Themajorityofthewor