unit10+数字的增长与下降表达法课件

Unit10表达增长或下降的程度1.rise/goup/increase/growmoderately温和上升2.fall/drop/decrease/declineslightly略微下降3.rise/goup/increase/growsteadily稳步增长4.fall/drop/decrease/declinegradually逐步下跌5.rise/goup/increase/growsharply/dramatically迅猛增长6.fall/drop/decrease/declinebadly/steeply急剧下降具体的变化幅度1.Therewasasuddenrise/increase/growthincostsof40%.成本突然上升了40%。2.Thecostssuddenlyrose/wentup/increased/grewby40%.成本突然上升了40%。3.Thecostsfell/dropped/decreased/declinedtoUS$20,000.成本下降到2万美元。4.Thecostsfell/dropped/decreased/declinedbyUS$30,000.成本下降了3万美元。5.Therewasagradualfall/drop/decrease/declineincostsfromUS$50,000toUS$20,000.成本从5万美元下降到2万美元。SectionOneTacticsforListeningArcher:Excuseme,(1)doyouspeakEnglish?Woman:Yes,alittle.Archer:I'mlooking(2)forabank.Woman:I'msorry.(3)Couldyousaythatagain,please?Archer:I'mlookingforabank.Woman:(4)There'sabankjustroundthecorner.Icanshowyou(5)whereitis.Archer:Thankyouverymuch.That'svery(6)kindofyou.Woman:That'sallright.Archer:Your(7)Englishisverygood.Woman:I'mlearning(8)Englishat eveningclasses.Areyou(9)hereonholiday?Archer:No,I'mgiving(10)somelecturesattheuniversity.Woman:Well,Ihopeyouenjoyyourselfhere.Practice1.I’mlookingforabank.I’mlookingforapostoffice.I’mlookingfortherailwaystation.2.Couldyousaythatagain?Couldyouhelpme?Couldyouclosethewindow?3.There’sabankjustroundthecorner.There’saschooljustroundthecorner.There’satreejustroundthecorner.P2Practice1.Whataboutbooks?Doyouspendalotonbooks?Whataboutentertainment,doyougooutalot?2.Ispent1poundonthisbook.Ispendabout1.50poundsonpapers.Ispendabout5poundsaweekonthat.Newwords1.grantn.拨款；补助金2.itemn.(系列物品或清单中的)一件Anitemisoneofacollectionorlistofobjects.3.hitchhikev.搭便车（旅行）；搭顺风车Ifyouhitchhike,youtravelbygettingliftsfrompassingvehicleswithoutpaying.4.reckonv.料想;估计;认为Ifyoureckonthatsomethingistrue,youthinkthatitistrue.Hereckonedhewasstillfondofher.5.billn.（商品或服务费用的）账单Abillisawrittenstatementofmoneythatyouoweforgoodsorservices.Part2ListeningandNot-TakingWoman:Howdoyoufindlivingonagrant?Canyoumanageit?Man:Well,rentisthebiggestitemonmybudget.That'smorethan8pounds.I'mquitelucky,becauseIshareahousewithsomefriendsandit'squiteneartheUniversity,andwesharethebills,ofcourse,youknow,gas,electricityandthat.Theycometoabout

1.50pounds.Afterrentcomesfood—that'smynextbiggestexpense,Isuppose.Ofcourse,Ican'taffordtoeatinrestaurantsoranythinglikethat.Woman:Whataboutbooks?Doyouhavetospendalotonbooks?Man:Well,well,itdepends,—ImeanlastweekIspent3.25poundsjustononebook,andthat'saboutaverageforaweek,I'dsay.Woman:Doyoubuynewspapersandmagazinesmuch?Man:Well,notalot,because—well,theyhavetheminthecollegelibrary,yousee,butIreckontospendabout,urnIpound,orI.50poundsonpapers.Woman:Whataboutentertainment,doyougooutalot?Man:Well,Igotothepubnearlyeveryeveningifthat'swhatyoumean,youknow,foradrinkwithyouknow,withmyfriends,andIsmokeandwell,altogetherIspendabout5poundsaweekonthat.Woman:Soit'snotveryeasytoliveonyourgrantthen,isit?Man:No,no,notreally,Iwork,Igetajobeveryvacationasadriverorinafactoryorsomethinglikethat...There'snothingIcangiveupreally.Imean,ifIgiveupsmoking,I'llonlysaveaboutI.50poundsperweekanyway.SometimesIsaveontransport—thataveragesabout2poundsaweekusually,butifIhitchhikehometomyparentsforexample,Isaveonthetrainfare,andthat'squiteabit...NewwordsD.11.telecomn.telecommunication,电信2.showroomn.(尤指汽车、电器、煤气用具等的)商品陈列室，展销厅Ashowroomisashopinwhichgoodsaredisplayedforsale,especiallygoodssuchascarsorelectricalorgasappliances.3.appliancen.器具，器械，装置4.brochuren.（介绍产品或服务信息的）小册子Abrochureisamagazineorthinbookwithpicturesthatgivesyouinformationaboutaproductorservice.travelbrochures旅游小册子5.directoryn.人名地址录，（电话）号码簿；（计算机文件或程序的）目录6.postn.邮件；邮包；包裹7.limiteda.（公司）有限责任的Practice1.Haveyouanyideaofthetime?Haveyouanyideaofitsvalue?Haveyouanyideahowmuchitwouldcost?2.Canyoupassmeapiece(orsheet)ofpaper?Canyoupassmethebookcoverisred?Canyoupassmethesalt?3.Itopensat10a.m.andclosesat5p.m.onMondaystoFridays.Dialogue1TheNationalTelecomShowroomMrsFennel:HaveyouanyideawhattimetheNationalTelecomShowroomopens,Kate?KateMitcham:TheNationalTelecomShowroom?No,I'mafraidIhaven't.Whydon'tyouphonethem?MrsFennell:Canyoupassmethe telephonedirectory,please?KateMitcham:Yes,er...DoyouwantLtoRorStoZ?MrsFennell:LtoR,Isuppose.Thanks.Informationclerk:Goodmorning.NationalTelecomShowroom.MrsFennell:Couldyoutellmewhattimetheshowroomopens,please?Informationclerk:Certainly.Itopensat10a.m.andclosesat5p.m.onMondaystoFridays.MrsFennell:Thankyou.Andcouldyoupossiblysendmesomeinformationaboutofficesystems?Informationclerk:Ofcourse.Wehavesomebrochures.Wouldyouliketogivemeyournameandaddress?MrsFennell:Yes,myname'sFennell.F-e-doublen-e-doubleI.AndtheaddressisCommunicoLimited,138EastAvenue,LondonN19.Informationclerk:N19.Right.I'llputthatintheposttoyoutoday.Doyourequireanythingelse?MrsFennell:No,that'sall,thankyou.Answers:1.ShewantstoknowwhentheNationalTelecomShowroomopens.2.Shecanfindthetelephonenumberfromthetelephonedirectory.3.Itopensat10a.m.andclosesat5p.m.onMondaystoFridays.4.Becausehewantstosendhersomebrochuresbypost.5.Sheworksforacompany,CommunicoLimited.Newwords1.immigrationn.移民局检查处

Immigrationorimmigrationcontrolistheplaceataport,airport,orinternationalborderwhereofficialscheckthepassportsofpeoplewhowishtocomeintothecountry.2.Customsn.海关(部门)Customsistheofficialorganizationresponsibleforcollectingtaxesongoodscomingintoacountryandpreventingillegalgoodsfrombeingbroughtin.3.InformationDeskn.服务台；查号台；查讯台4.loungen.休息厅；客厅；（机场等的）等候室Dialogue2AtHeathrowAirport

ListencarefullyfortheflightnumberandtrytodeductNickandLisearewaitingforMalcolmatHeathrowAirport.Theyarelisteningtotheannouncements,butthereisalotofnoise.Lise:Couldyouhear,Nick?Didshesay"Toronto"?Nick:Idon'tknow.There'stoomuchnoise.WhattimedoesMalcolm'splanearrive?Lise:Itoldyou.At9.30,FlightAC866.Nick:Gosh,it'salmost10:15now!Theplane'sprobablylanded.Whydon'tyougoandaskattheInformationDesk?Lise:OK.Andyougoandwaitbytheexitoverthere,Nick:Hey,waitaminute!WhatdoesMalelooklike?

Lise:Oh,he'slikeme.Buthe'stallerandthinner.Andhishair'smuchdarker.Anyway,don'tworry.I'llbebackinaminute.Nick:Excuseme,areyouMalcohmAnderson?Man:What'?No,I'mnot.Nick:Oh,sorry.Male:Er...areyoulookingforMalcolmAnderson'?Nick:Yes...oh,it'syou!Butyou'renotlikeyoursister!Male:Aren'tI?Anyway,youmustbeNick,nicetomeetyou.Where'sLise?Nick:She'sjustgonetotheInformationDesk.Ah,heresheis.List:Malcolm!Whathappenedtoyou?We'vebeenhereforhours!Male:Well,firstofall

IhadtroubleatImmigration.Andthentheycouldn'tfindsomeofmyluggage.AndthentheyaskedmealotofquestionsinCustoms.Lise:Well,nevermind,you'reherenow.ButI'lljustgobacktotheInformationDesk.Answers:1.BecausehefirsthadtroubleatImmigration.Andthentheycouldn'tfindsomeofhisluggage.AndfinallytheyaskedhimalotofquestionsinCustoms.2.ProbablyshehasaskedtheInformationDesktomakeanannouncement.Nowshegoestheretotellthemnottobroadcastit.FlightnumberpracticePN6216CZ8158MU5837ZH3129KY82353U8721CZ64048L9919HX4969C8922HO1294KA1420CX6130MF8449Newwords1.patchn.补丁，补片；碎片，碎屑；斑点2.hazya.雾气腾腾的3.humidityn.湿度4.scattereda.分散的5.dropv.（使）降低;（使）下降;（使）减少6.breakthrough冲破；突破7.cleara.(天气或天空)晴朗的8.breakv.（天气的）放晴9.setin(不好的事情)产生，开始，到来，恶化10.showern.阵雨；淋浴11.fogn.雾12.rollinv.纷至沓来;涌现;滚滚而来13.chillyadj.寒冷的14.visibilityn.能见度15.forecastvt.预报16.highwindn.疾风；大风17.fresha.寒冷的;凛冽的;有风的Ifyousaythattheweatherisfresh,youmeanthatitisfairlycoldandwindy.Practice1.Thetemperatureshouldriseto20degrees.Thetemperatureshouldriseto14degrees.2.withtemperatureclimbingto25degreesbymidday.withsharepriceclimbingto5USdollarsby10a.m.today.3.withtemperaturesonlyreaching17or18degrees.withtemperaturesonlyreaching12or13degrees.4.Occasionalbreaksinthecloudmayliftthetemperatureto19degrees.Occasionalbreaksinthecloudmayliftthetemperatureto22degrees.6.Thehighwindwillkeepthetemperaturedownto15or16degrees.Theshowerwillkeepthetemperaturedownto25or27degrees.7.Temperatureswilldecreaserapidlyintheevening.Temperatureswillincreaserapidlyinthemorning.8.Temperatureswillfallto7degrees.Temperatureswillfallto5degrees.PassageIt'sfivetonineandhereistheweatherforecastfortheBritishIslesuntilmidnight.ForallareaseastofLondonandasfarnorthastheWashitwillbedrywithafewpatches*ofhazy*sunshinealongthecoastalregions.Inlandthewindswilldropandtemperaturesshouldriseto20℃althoughthereislittlechanceofthesunbreakingthrough.Alongthesouthcoastthedaywillstartclearandbright,withtemperaturesclimbingto

25

℃bymidday.However,bylateafternoon,cloudswillappearfromthesouthwestbringingthepossibilityofsomehumidity*.Inthewesternregion,coveringWalesandsouthwestEnglandasfaras

BristolheavyrainhasalreadysetinandinEnglanditisexpectedtocontinuefortherestofthedaywithtemperaturesonlyreaching17or18degrees.TheworstoftherainshouldhaveclearedPembrokeandwestWalesbymidafternoonandoccasionalbreaksinthecloudmayliftthetemperaturesto19,butfurthernorth,morerainblowingacrosstheIrishSea,withhighwinds,willkeepthetemperaturedownto15or16degrees;lowforthistimeoftheyear.Finally,fortherestofEnglandandScotland,theweatherwillbechangeable;withrainfromthewestclearingbymid-morning,andthenbrighterperiodswithscattered*showerswillcovermostoftheMidlandsandScotland.ThewindswillbefreshfromthenorthwestbecomingchillyinthenorthofScotland.Asnightfalls,fogwillrollin

fromtheNorthSeaandmostofthenortheastScottishcoastwillhaverestrictedvisibility.Temperatureswilldecreaserapidlyintheevening,insomeplacesintheextremenorthfallingto7degrees.Thatistheendoftheweatherforecast,andtheshippingforecastwillfollowshortly.Newwords1.leadinga.最重要的；卓著的；显赫的Theleadingpersonorthinginaparticularareaistheonewhichismostimportantorsuccessful.2.addressv.对付；处理；设法了解并解决3.periodicallyadv.周期性地；定期地，偶尔4.monetarya.（尤指一国）货币的，金融的Monetarymeansrelatingtomoney,especiallythetotalamountofmoneyinacountry.5.futureexchangen.外汇期货，远期外汇，期货交易所6.exchangen.交易所7.futurescontractn.期货合约8.futuresn.<商>期货（交易）；9.specifica.（表达）明确的，确切的，具体的10.commodityn.商品11.financialinstrument

金融手段；金融证券；金融工具；金融票据12.specifyv.具体说明（或规定）;明确说明;具体指定13.spotmarketn.期货现货市场14.deliveryn.n.传送，投递；[法]（正式）交付15.duea.到期的16.Over-the-counter

adj.（证券等）不通过交易所直接售给顾客的17.infrastructuren.(国家、社会、组织赖以行使职能的)基础建设,基础设施BackgroundInformation1.GroupofEightreferstoeightoftheworld'seconomicallyleadingcountriesthatmeetperiodicallytoaddressinternationaleconomicandmonetaryissues.ThecountriesareCanada,France,Germany,Italy,Russia,theUnitedKingdom,andtheUnitedStates.2.Afuturesexchangeorfuturesmarketisacentralfinancialexchangewherepeoplecantradestandardizedfuturescontracts;thatis,acontracttobuyspecificquantitiesofacommodityorfinancialinstrumentataspecifiedpricewithdeliverysetataspecifiedtimeinthefuture.3.Thespotmarketorcashmarketisapublicfinancialmarket,inwhichfinancialinstrumentsorcommoditiesaretradedforimmediatedelivery.Itcontrastswithafuturesmarketinwhichdeliveryisdueatalaterdate.Aspotmarketcanbe:anorganizedmarket,anexchangeorOver-the-counter(OTC)Spotmarketscanoperatewherevertheinfrastructureexiststoconductthetransaction.ThespotmarketformostinstrumentsexistsprimarilyontheInternet.Newwords1.financeministern.财政部长2.urgev.敦促；力劝3.callon要求;呼吁;号召4.InternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金；国际货币基金组织5.InternationalEnergyAgency国际能源机构6.speculationn.投机买卖；思考；投机活动；推断7.setv.决定，确定(日期、价格、目标或水准)8.barreln.桶NewsItem1LastSaturday,inJapan,financeministersoftheGroupofEightcountriesurgedoilproducingcountriestoincreaseproduction.ButtheyalsocalledontheInternationalMonetaryFundandtheInternationalEnergyAgencytojointlyexaminetherecentpricerise.IMFchiefDonminiqueStrauss-KahnsaidthatsomeG-Eightministerswereconcernedaboutfinancialspeculation.Howimportantitisandwhatinfluenceithasonthemarketwillbeinvestigated,hesays.AreportisexpectedinOctober.Futuresmarketsnowlargelysetthepriceofoil.Yetthesecontractsrarelyinvolveanexchangeofrealbarrelsofoil.Mostoilistradedonwhatiscalledthespotmarketorthroughothercontractsbetweenproducersandusers.Theprices,however,areusuallybasedonfuturesprices.Newwords1.callforv.要求;呼吁2.packagen.一组建议；一揽子提议3.shotn.注射4.Democratica.<美>民主党的5.Republicana.<美>共和党的6.Congressn.(由众议院和参议院组成的)美国国会7.Housen.(美国）众议院8.Senaten.（美国、澳大利亚等国议会的）参议院；9.setn.（一）套10.recessionn.经济衰退，不景气NewItem2LastFriday,PresidentBushcalledforaneconomicgrowthpackage-aplantogiveaquickshotofenergytotheslowingAmericaneconomy.Now,theadministrationhasanagreementwith

DemocraticandRepublicanleadersintheHouseofRepresentatives.PresidentBushcalledtheonehundredfiftybilliondollardeal,reachedThursday,therightsetofpoliciesandtherightsize.Heurged

Congress

topassitassoonaspossible,sayingtheeconomyurgentlyneedsaction.Hesaidtheplanwouldleadtohigherconsumerspendingandincreasedbusinessinvestmentthisyear.ThemeasuresmustbeapprovedbytheHouseandtheSenateandsignedintolawbythepresident.Manyeconomistsworrythattheworld'slargesteconomywillenterorhasalreadyenteredarecession.Newwords1.subprimea.准最低贷款利率的2.mortgagen.房屋抵押贷款3.loann.贷款；借款4.repayv.偿还，偿付(贷款或债务)5.realestaten.不动产;房地产6.takeabeatingv.挨打，受打击；被损坏；受伤；损失好多钱；损失严重7.comedownvi.（价格、温度、比率等）下降；着陆；崩塌；8.defaultn.未履行，拖欠；9.triggerv.引起;发动;促使Ifsomethingtriggersaneventorsituation,itcausesittobegintohappenorexist.10.sequencen.一系列;一连串BackgroundInformationThesubprimemortgagecrisisisthereasonforthisfinancialcrisisintheUS.Bankslentloanstopeoplewhowerenotcapableofrepayingtheirloans.Basedontheseloansalotofcomplexfinancialproductswerecreatedandsoldtoalotofpeople.WhentheUSrealestatemarkettookabeating,housepricesstartedcomingdown.Thisresultedinahighnumberofdefaultsonsubprimemortgageloans.Thistriggeredasequenceofeventswhichresultedinlossesinbillionstowhoeverwasinvolvedinthisconfusion.Newwords1.predictionn.预言；预告；预测2.slowdown放慢;放缓3.barreln.（石油工业中）一桶的量（相当于159升）4.hitv.达到（某一高点或低点）Ifyouhitaparticularhighorlowpointonascaleofsomethingsuchassuccessorhealth,youreachit.NewsItem3Worldeconomicgrowthremainedstrongin2007.TheInternationalMonetaryFundestimatedgrowthatfiveandtwo-tenthspercent.Butpredictionsfor2008callforslowergrowthintheworldeconomy.InOctobertheIMFcutitsestimateforglobalgrowththisyearbyalmosthalfapercentagepoint,tofourandeight-tenthspercent.ThereareworriesofaneconomicslowdownorpossiblyarecessionintheUnitedStates.Themostimportantissuefor2008maybetheAmericanhousingmarket.Anothermajorissuefor2008iswhateffectenergypriceswillhaveoneconomicgrowth.Thepriceofabarrelofoildoubledin2007.Andontheseconddayof2008,thepricehitonehundreddollarsforthefirsttime.Thedollarcontinueditsdropagainstmostmajorcurrenciesin2007.Newwords1.dedicatedadj.专注的，投入的2.superbadj.极好的Section3OralworkPart1Harryisajournalist.HeisinterviewingProfessorThomas,theNobelPrizeWinnerandhiswife.Harry:ProfessorThomas,areyoupleasedwiththePrize?Prof,Thomas:Well,I'msurprisedaboveall.Theprizewascompletelyunexpected.Harry:MrsThomas,areyouhappyaboutit?MrsThomas:Oh,I'mabsolutelydelighted.Harry:ProfessorThomas,doyouenjoybeingfamous?Prof.Thomas:It'sanewexperience.Infact,it'squiteunbelievable.Harry:Doyoufinditdifficulttoworkwithallyourinterviewsandpressconferences?Prof.Thomas:IndeedIdo.Ifinditquiteimpossibletoworkundersuchcircumstances.Harry:Wouldyouliketogiveupworkaltogether?Prof.Thomas:Oh,no.Theideaisutterlyridiculous.MrsThomas:Hecouldn't,evenifhewantedto.He'stotallydedicatedtohiswork.Harry:I'mgladtohearthatbecauseeveryoneisreallydelightedatyoursuccess.Prof.Thomas:Thankyouverymuch.Harry:MrsThomas,ProfessorThomasisabrilliantscientist.What'shelikeasahusband?MrsThomas:Oh,he'squiteremarkableinthisfieldtoo.Harry:Isupposeyouconsideryourselfluckytohaveamanlikethisforyourhusband.MrsThomas:You'reabsolutelyright,Ido.Harry:ProfessorThomas,whatareyourplansforthefuture?Prof.Thomas:Well,theonlyplanIhaveatthemomentistoenjoyareallysuperbdinner.Harry:MrsThomas.Professor,thankyou.Q&AI.WhyisProfessorThomassurprised'?He'ssurprisedbecausethePrizewascompletelyunexpected.2.HowdoesMrsThomasfeelaboutit?She'sabsolutelydelighted.3.DoesProfessorThomasfinditdifficulttoworkatthemoment?Yes,hefindsitquiteimpossible.4.WhatdoesProfessorThomasthinkaboutgivingupwork?Hethinkstheideaisutterlyridiculous.5.WhatdoesMrsThomassayaboutherhusband'sattitudetohiswork?Shesayshe'stotallydedicatedtohiswork.6.WhatisthereactionofeveryonetotheProfessor'ssuccess?Everyoneisreallydelightedathissuccess.7.Whatistheprofessorlikeasahusband'?He'squiteremarkable.8.WhatdoesProfessorThomasplantodonow?Heplanstoenjoyareallysuperbdinner.Newwords1.dentistn.牙科医生2.sickadj.恶心的3.cavityn.(牙科)龋洞，蛀牙洞4.achev.疼痛；渴望Part2RetellingThetoothhadbeenbotheringDavidforsometime.Heknewheshouldhavegonetothedentistearlier.Buthealwaysputoffseeingthedentist.YesterdayafternoonDavidwenttoseehisdentistbecausehecouldn'tbearthepainanymore,Davidtoldhimthatthetoothhadkepthimawakethenightbefore.Thenthedentistlookedintohismouth,buthedidnotlookonlyattheonetooth,insteadhelookedthemallover."Hmm,hesaid."I'mafraidseveralofyourteethneedseeingto."Hebegantodescribeexactlywhatneededdoing.Davidlistenedtohimwithakindofsickfeelinginthestomach."Ishouldsaythatatleastfourteethhavecavities.We'llhavetoseetothemimmediately."Davidaskedaboutthetooththathadbeenaching,"Imaybeabletosaveit,"thedentis