英语词汇学复习题5

...v.英语词汇学复习题(五)

I.Someofthefollowingstatementsaretrue,andtheothersfalse.MarkyouranswerbywritingTorFonyouranswersheet.(10%)

1.

ThegreatmajorityofthebasicwordstockoftheEnglishlanguagearenativewords,thatis,wordsofAnglo-Saxonorigin.

2.

Suffixationisdifferentfromconversioninthatitdoesnotchangetheword-classofthebase.

3.

Wordsofasemanticfieldaresynonymous.

4.

Clippinginvolvesthedeletionofoneormoresyllablesfromaword,whichisalsoavailableinitsfullform.

5.

Contentwordshavelexicalmeaningbutnogrammaticalmeaning.

6.

Aparticularcharacteristicofponentialanalysisisthatitattemptstotreatponentsintermsofbinaryopposites.

7.

Arootisthebasicunchangeablepartofaword.

8.

ManyEnglishwordscannotbeanalyzedintermsofsemanticfeatures.

9.

Allwordshaveantonyms.

10.

Theimpactofcontextonmeaningdiffersfromonewordtoanotherandfromoneinstanceorpassagetoanother.

II.Thefollowingaremultiple-choicequestions.MarkyouranswerbywritingA,B,C,orDonyouranswersheet.(20%)

11.

TheEnglishlanguagefrom______tothepresentiscalledModernEnglish.

(A)450

(B)1100

(C)1500

(D)1800

12.

Thesentence“Johnwasfiredforpettythieving.〞Isstylistically________.

(A)literal

(B)colloquial

(C)archaic

(D)neutral

13.

Ofthefollowingwords,_____isanacronym.

(A)OPEC

(B)CIA

(C)stylistic

(D)affective

14.

Thedefinitionofawordgiveninthedictionaryiscalledits_____meaning.

(A)connotative

(B)denotative

(C)stylistic

(D)affective

15.

Intermsofoppositenessofmeaning,________isapairofconversives.

(A)

“deep〞and“shallow〞

(B)

“present〞and“absent〞

(C)

“love〞and“hate〞

(D)

“above〞and“below〞

16.

Inthegroupofwords“ride,run,walk,go,fly〞,“go〞isa________.

(A)superordinateterm

(B)hyponym

(C)subordinateterm

(D)hyponymy

17.Theword“success〞usedtomean“result,oute〞,nowitmeans“afavorableouteorresult〞.Thisisanexampleof__________ofmeaning.

(A)elevation

(B)degeneration

(C)extension

(D)restriction

18.ThelanguagetheearlyimmigrantsbroughtthemtoAmericawasdifferentfrompresentEnglish;thegreatestdifferenceliesin________.

(A)spelling

(B)pronunciation

(C)grammar

(D)vocabulary

19._________servesasatypicalexampleofeuphemism.

(A)“Pious〞meaning“hypocriticallyvirtuous〞

(B)“Amentalhospital〞referringto“amadhouse〞

(C)“Alandscapearchitect〞meaning“agardener〞

(D)“Slowlearners〞referringto“underachievers〞

20.

OxfordEnglishDictionaryisa___________dictionary.

(A)pocket

(B)medium-size

(C)descriptive

(D)prescriptive

III.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingwordsisa

A)simpleword,B)poundword,C)derivedwordorD)shortenedform.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.(10%)

21.acidhead

26.fashion

22.formal

27.recycle

23.preplant

28.honesty

24.lab

29.phone

25.ready

30.ashtray

IV.Explainthefollowingtermswithappropriateexamples.Doitontheanswersheet.(10%)

31.back-formation

32.polysemy

V.Giveashortanswertothefollowingquestions.Doitontheanswersheet.(30%)

33.Whatisthedifferencebetweenamorphemeandasyllable?Illustrateyourpointswithexamples.

34.Explainconventionalityandmotivation.Giveexamples.

VI.Givealongeranswer(150-200words)tothefollowingquestion.Doitontheanswersheet.(20%)

35.Contextisveryimportantfortheunderstandingofwordmeaning.Howiscontextclassified?英语词汇学参考答案(五)

I.Someofthefollowingstatementsaretrue,andtheothersfalse.MarkyouranswerbywritingTorFonyouranswersheet.(10%)1.T

2.F

3.F

4.T

5.F

6.T

7.T

8.T

9.F

10.TII.Thefollowingaremultiple-choicequestions.MarkyouranswerbywritingA,B,C,orDonyouranswersheet.(20%)11.C

12.B

13.A

14.B

15.D16.A

17.D

18.D

19.B

20.CIII.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingwordsisa

A)simpleword,B)poundword,C)derivedwordorD)shortenedform.Markyouranswerontheanswersheet.(10%)21.B

26.A22.C

27.C23.C

28.C24.D

29.D25.A

30.BIV.Explainthefollowingtermswithappropriateexamples.Doitontheanswersheet.(10%)31.Back-formationisatermusedtorefertoatypeofword-formationbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbythedeletionofasupposedaffixfromalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.Forexample,theverb“resurrect〞wasformedfromthenoun“resurrection〞byremovingthesupposedderivativesuffix“-ion〞.

32.Polysemyisamonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages.Therearewordsthathavetwoorthreesenses,andthemostmonlyusedonescanhaveasmanyasoverahundred.However,whenawordisfirstcoined,itisalwaysmonosemic.Butinthecourseofdevelopment,thesamesymbolmustbeusedtoexpressmoremeanings,theresultispolysemy.Forexample,theword“fair〞hasvariousmeanings;(ofresults)average,quitegood〞;(ofattitude,behaviour)justandhonest;impartial〞;(oftheweather)clearandsunny〞;(ofamount)satisfactory,abundant〞,etc.

V.Giveashortanswertothefollowingquestions.Doitontheanswersheet.(30%)33.Whatisthedifferencebetweenamorphemeandasyllable?Illustrateyourpointswithexamples.Amorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitofalanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.Amorphemeisnotidenticalwithasyllable,sincethelatterhadnothingtodowithmeaning.Amorphememayberepresentedbyonesyllable,likeboyandchild,orbytwoormoresyllables,asinla·dy,croc·o·dile,andsal·a·man·der.Oftenthesyllabicstructureofawordanditsmorphemicstructuredonotcorrespond,asshownintheaboveexampleswhereamorphemeisrepresentedbymorethanonesyllable.Anothergoodexampleistheworddisagreeable,whichconsistsoffivesyllablesasagainstthreemorphemes(dis+agree+able).34.Explainconventionalityandmotivation.Giveexamples.MostEnglishwordsareconventional,arbitrarysymbols;consequently,thereisnointrinsicrelationbetweenthesoundsymbolanditssense.E.g.thethingcalled“house〞inEnglish,iscalledmaisoninFrench,房子(fangzi)inChinese,dominRussian,andcasainSpanish.Amoreconvincingevidenceofconventionalandarbitrarynatureoftheconnectionbetweensoundsymbolandmeaningcanbeillustratedbyasetofhomophones,write,rightandrite.Theyarepronouncedthesamebutconveyentirelydifferentmeanings.Motivationreferstotheconnectionbetweenwordsymbolanditssense.ThegreatmajorityofEnglishwordsarenonmotivated,sincetheyareconventional,arbitrarysymbols.However,thereisasmallgroupofwordsthatcanbedescribedasmotivated.Motivationcanariseinthreemajorways:1.Phoneticmotivation:wordsphoneticallymotivatedarecalledechoicoronomatopoeicwords,whosepronunciationsuggeststhemeaning.E.g.woofofadog,miaowofacat;2.Morphologicalmotivation:Awordismorphologicallymotivatedwhenadirectconnectioncanbeobservedbetweenthemorphemicstructureofthewordanditsmeaning.E.g.readablemeans“thatcanberead〞,modernizemeans“tomakesthmodern〞;3.Semanticmotivation:referstomotivationbasedonsemanticfactors,itisakindofmentalassociation.E.g.astonyheart,thelegofatable,etc.VI.Givealongeranswer(150-200words)tothefollowingquestion.Doitontheanswersheet.(20%)weleto.35.Contextisveryimportantfortheunderstandingofwordmeaning.Howiscontextclassified?Contextcanbeclassifiedintotwomajortypes:linguisticcontextandextra-linguisticcontext/contextofsituation.A.Linguisticcontext,whichcanfurtherbedividedintothreetypes:1)Lexicalcontext:lexicalcontextreferstothelexicalitemsbinedwithagivenpolysemousword.Forinstance,theverbmakecanbeusedinmanydifferentsenseswhenitisbinedwithdifferentlexicalitems,e.g.:Theregulationsweremade(enacted)toprotectchildren.Wemade(had)agoodlunchbeforeleaving.Thetrainwasmaking(travelingataspeedof)70milesanhour.2)Grammaticalcontext:Ingrammaticalcontext,thesyntacticstructureofthecontextdeterminesvariousindividualmeaningsofapolysemousword.Taketheverbgetforexample;itsmeaningvariesindifferentsyntacticalstructu