英语国家概况修订版-课件

英语国家概况修订版英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况修订版Geography,PeopleandLanguage英语国家概况修订版Geography

IPeopleIITheEnglishLanguageIII英语国家概况修订版1.GeographicalFeatures2.Climate3.MajorCities英语国家概况修订版Readthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannelTheRepublicofIreland英语国家概况修订版TheofficialtitleoftheUK

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（since1927)ConventionallyshortenedtoUnitedKingdomAbbreviation:UKTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(England,ScotlandandWales)NorthernIreland

Questiontoponder:Peopleoftengetconfusedwith

theterms“England”,“Britain”,“GreatBritain”,“UnitedKingdom”,and“BritishIsles”.EvensomeBritishpeoplearenotfullyawareofthepreciserealitythatthesetermsexpress.Dothesetermsmeanthesame?英语国家概况修订版EnglandManypeoplesay"England"whentheyreallymean"TheUnitedKingdom."Thisisnotcorrect!PeopleinScotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandconsideritinsultingandhatehearingBritainbeingreferredtoas“England”asitappearstoignoretheirexistence.EnglandisonlyaconstituentcountryintheUK,andapartoftheislandofGreatBritain,togetherwithScotlandandWales.英语国家概况修订版BritainStrictly,“Britain”referstothelargestislandintheBritishIsles,whichcontainsmodern-dayEngland,WalesandScotlandandislandsgovernedfromthemainland(i.e.notIsleofManorChannelIslands).However,theterm“Britain”ismorecommonlyusedasapoliticalterm:analternativenamefortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.英语国家概况修订版Great

Britain"GreatBritain"isthecollectivenameforthethreecountriesofEngland,ScotlandandWales.ItalsoincludesthesmalladjacentislandsbutitdoesnotincludetheChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan.GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandtogetherformthe"UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,orUK.英语国家概况修订版TheUnitedKingdom“TheUnitedKingdom”istheabbreviatedformfortheofficialname“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,whichcameintousein1922aftertheconstitutionoftheIrishFreeState(1922-1937),theformernameoftheRepublicofIreland.英语国家概况修订版TheBritishIsles(不列颠群岛）The"BritishIsles"isageographicaltermforagroupofislandsconsistingofGreatBritain,thewholeofIreland,andmanyothersmallersurroundingislands.TheBritishIslesarethelargestgroupofislandsinEurope.英语国家概况修订版英语国家概况修订版英语国家概况修订版英语国家概况修订版LocationoftheUK:Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49°Nand61°Nandlongitudes8°Wto2°ETotalterritory:about243,000squarekilometersInterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.

英语国家概况修订版NorthernIreland:It’smostlyhilly.

Wales:It’smostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMid-Wales.

Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.

England:Itconsistsoflowlandterrain,withsomemountainousterraininthenorthwest,northandsouthwest.

BenNevisinScotland

—

thehighestpointinUK英语国家概况修订版Thelongestriver:SevernRiver(about980kmkilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(330kmkilometerslong)ThelargestLakeintheBritishIsles:LoughNeagh（内伊湖）Thames英语国家概况修订版thelongestriverinEnglandandthesecondlongestintheUnitedKingdom(332kilometerslong)ahistoricallandmarkinthecityofLondon.AboatridealongtheThamesisalsosomethingthateveryvisitorshouldexperience.Severalboatracesandactivitiestakeplacealongorattherivereachyear.英语国家概况修订版英语国家概况修订版 "IWanderedLonelyasaCloud"

—WilliamWordsworth

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;

Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,

Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.

Continuousasthestarsthatshine

Andtwinkleonthemilkyway,

Theystretchedinnever-endingline

Alongthemarginofabay:

TenthousandsawIataglance,

Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.

英语国家概况修订版 Thewavesbesidethemdanced;butthey

Out-didthesparklingwavesinglee:

Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,

Insuchajocundcompany:

Igazed—andgazed—butlittlethought

Whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:

Foroft,whenonmycouchIlie

Invacantorinpensivemood,

Theyflashuponthatinwardeye

Whichistheblissofsolitude;

Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,

Anddanceswiththedaffodils.英语国家概况修订版Knee-lengthskirtlikegarmentthatiswornbymenasamajorelementofthetraditionalnationalgarbofScotland.HighlanddressisalsotheuniformofScottishregimentsintheBritisharmy,andkiltshavebeenworninbattleasrecentlyasWorldWarII.InBraveheart,WilliamWallace,aScottishfreedomfighter,wearshiskilthighonthethighwhileriding.英语国家概况修订版Maincharacteristics:Temperate,withwarmsummers,coolwintersandplentifulprecipitation（降水）

throughouttheyearThreemajorfeatures:WinterfogRainydaysInstability/Changeability英语国家概况修订版TheRiverThamesthecapitalofEnglandandtheUnitedKingdomthepolitical,industrial,culturalandfinancialcenterofthecountryoneoftheworld'sleadingbankingandfinancialcenters英语国家概况修订版ThePalaceofWestminster英语国家概况修订版WestminsterAbbeyBigBen英语国家概况修订版Guildhall（市政厅）英语国家概况修订版HydeParkTowerofLondon（伦敦塔）英语国家概况修订版TowerBridge

BuckinghamPalace英语国家概况修订版LondonEye英语国家概况修订版CapitalofScotlandadministrative,financial,legal,medicalandinsurancecenterofScotlandbeautifulsceneryrenownedarchitecture英语国家概况修订版oneofthemostnotedofScotland'suniversities.Itwasfoundedin1583as“theTown'sCollege”.Alumni:CharlesDarwin,SirWalterScott,thenovelistRobertLouisStevenson,andtheinventorAlexanderGrahamBell.英语国家概况修订版EdinburghCastlePalaceofHolyrood（霍利鲁德）英语国家概况修订版thecapitalcityofWalesfor58years

Europe’syoungestcapitalcityhometoanenormousamountofurbanregenerationandrestorationoneofthemostfashionablecitiesintheUnitedKingdom英语国家概况修订版CardiffCityHall英语国家概况修订版MillenniumStadium（千年球场）

Cardiff

Castle

英语国家概况修订版CityHallthelargestcityandthecapitalofNorthernIrelandanimportanthistoriccityOncethehomeoftheIrishlinenindustry,tobaccoproduction,ropemakingandtheworldfamousHarlandandWolffshipbuilders.英语国家概况修订版BelfastCastle英语国家概况修订版Overallpopulation:about63million(2012)Distribution:England:about53millionScotland:around5.2millionWales:around3.1millionNorthernIreland:around1.8million英语国家概况修订版ThemajorityofthepopulationisdescendentsoftheAnglo-Saxons.MostpeopleinWalesandScotlandaredescendentsoftheCelticpeople.TheIrishpeoplearealsoofCelticorigin.Immigrants:Italians,Greeks,Australians,NewZealanders,etc.英语国家概况修订版EthnicGroupsPercentageofTotalWhite:British 80.5 White:Other 5.4 White/BlackCaribbean0.8 White/BlackAfrican 0.3 White/Asian 0.6 OtherMixed 0.5 Indian 2.5 Pakistani 2.0 Bangladeshi 0.8 Chinese 0.7 OtherAsian 1.5 African 1.8 Caribbean 1.1 OtherBlack 0.5 Anyotherethnicgroup/Arab 1.0 英语国家概况修订版1.OldEnglish2.MiddleEnglish3.ModernEnglish4.StandardEnglish英语国家概况修订版LanguageofAngle-SaxonsInfluencedbyOldNorseLatinandGreekwordsFrench-speakingNormans

TheoriginsoftheEnglishlanguageThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagereallystartedwiththearrivalofthreeGermanictribeswhoinvadedBritainduringthe5thcenturyAD.Thesetribes,theAngles,theSaxonsandtheJutes,crossedtheNorthSeafromwhattodayisDenmarkandnorthernGermany.AtthattimetheinhabitantsofBritainspokeaCelticlanguage.ButmostoftheCelticspeakerswerepushedwestandnorthbytheinvaders---mainlyintowhatisnowWales,ScotlandandIreland.TheAnglescamefromEnglalandandtheirlanguagewascalledEnglisc---fromwhichthewordsEnglandandEnglisharederived.英语国家概况修订版BeowulfThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodisthe

epicpoemBeowulf.Hwæt!WeGar-Dena ingeardagum,þeodcyninga, þrymgefrunon,huðaæþelingas ellenfremedon.OftScyldScefing sceaþenaþreatum英语国家概况修订版StatusFrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguage,andEnglishbecamethelanguageoflowerclasspig—porksheep—muttoncattle—beefDevelopment

EnglishincreasedinimportanceaftertheBlackDeath.英语国家概况修订版GeoferyChaucer(c.1342-1400)WhanthatAprill,withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswichlicour,Ofwhichvertuengendredistheflour;TheCanterburyTales英语国家概况修订版Theprintingpress—broughtstandardizationtoEnglishSamuelJohnson’sdictionary—establishedastandardformofspellingRenaissance—assimilatedforeignw