高三英语作文概要写作上课用“十校联赛”一等奖

summary?WritingHowtowritea

WelcomeWhatisaSummary?Asummaryisashortaccount

giving

themainpointsofsomethinglongerordetailed.Summary

1.Focusonmainideasandomit(省去)examples,

details.(注重大意，省去详细的例子、细节)2.Whenyouusethewordsandphrasesintheoriginalpassage,donotincludeyourownopinion,butbesuretouseyourown

wordsinsteadofcopyingthem..(引用原文的词句,不能添加自己的见解，但是要用自己的语言概括）3.Writeitinthe

thirdperson.（第三人称）4.Controlthenumberofwordsabout30(20-40).写作步骤确定主题句寻找关键词重构/改造主题句重组支持句具体方法定时态Thepassagetellsusthat…定人称：一般用第三人称（书信则用第一、第二人称）定技巧：1重组句2段落概括3文章概括重组句1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings同义替换法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefact

thatIwasnotpatient.Ididn’tcatchanyfish_________Iwasnotpatient/impatient.2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正话反说法Youwillfail.=Youwill____________.becausenotsucceed3)Changethepartofspeech词性转换法*Patienceisveryimportant.→Patienceis__________________.**Thewritermadeavividdescriptionofthebeautyunderthesea.→Thewriter___________thebeautyunderthesea.ofgreatimportancevividlydescribed4)Changethestructureofasentence句式变化法*语态变换：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.→Childrenshould________morepraise.**简单句变复合句： Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_______willhelpthemlearnfaster..begivenwhich5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but,and,so,while,however,then,yet,for,therefore,thus,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren

__________scoldingthem.6)Changetheorderofthewords.词序改变法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.________was___________________.insteadofPatiencethesecretofsuccess1.Asamatteroffact,I’lldowhatIcantopullhimthrough.

____________,I’ll______topullhimthrough.2.Zhouqu,whichwascalledthemostbeautifulplaceinGanshu,wasdestroyedbymud-rockflowsinonenight.

Zhouqu,________________________inGanshu,wasdestroyedbymud-rockflowsinonenight3.Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.

________was___________________.Task1:

Rewritethesentences.ActuallytrythemostbeautifulplacePatiencethesecretofsuccess(同义替换法)（句式变换法）(语序改变法）4.Thefloodscutoffnotonlytheroadbutalsothecommunication.Thevillagerscouldn’tmakecontactwithpeopleoutside.

Thevillagerscouldn'tmakecontactwithpeopleoutside__________thefloods.5.Whathehadsaidleftadeepimpressiononthechildrenpresent.

Hiswordsdeeply_________thechildrenpresent.6.ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.MoreandmorepeopleprefertheInternetshopping.（使用精而短的衔连词）(改变词性)（句意理解法）becauseofimpressed

Task1:Findouthowtocompress(精练)paragraphsSkill1:Omit(省略)thedetailsSkill2:OmittheexamplesSkill3:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具体的)wordsSkill4:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech(间接引语)段落概括Example:Then,youcanthinkofawaytomakebothsideshappy.Herearesometips:1.Maketimetotalk.Youcouldtalkaboutyourschoollifeandyourplansforthefuture.2.Keepadiary.Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.3.Showyourparentsyouaregrowingup.Washyourownclothesandhelparoundthehouse.Pleasefollowtheexampletochoosetheproperskillfromtheones.>>Therearesometipsforchildrentofollowsothattheycangetonwellwiththeirparents.Skill1:Omitthedetailseg:Sometimes,kidsdon’tthinktheirparentsarefairtothem.Whenyouwanttodressinamodernway,yourmumdoesn’tlikeyouwearingamini-skirt.Whenyouaremakingphonecallstofriends,theyaskwhetheryou’respeakingtoaboyoragirl.

>>Itisquitenaturalthatchildrenlookatthesameproblemdifferentlyfromtheirparents.Skill2:Omittheexamples.eg:KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,“Youusetoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul.It’snotatallgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned,“Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn’thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful…likeeatingcardboardorsand…justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit!”>>KatesuggestedthatPaulshouldeatlesssalt.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.

Skill4:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech.4.eg:ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.>>Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.Skill3:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具体的)words.Task2:findouthowtosummarizethewholepassage①段意合并法②要素串联法③主题概括法

1.Fillintheblanks.2.Matchthemainideawiththeproperskill.记叙文◆写作方法—串联要素法写作方法—串联要素法记叙文的概要,一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。当然,不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素,但“某人做了某事,结果如何”是应当包括的。因此,要写好概要,须找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(whodidwhat)(2)结果如何？(whatwastheresult)如果是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。narrationthesixelementsofanarrativepassage

whowhenwhere

What

(event)How(process)whyHi,IamMike.Ijustwentthroughmyfirstyearofcollege.Thetoughestpartonmeatfirstwasthegeneraladjustment.Iwenttoaverysmallhighschoolwheremymomwasateacherandshedidpracticallyeverythingforme.ButatthecollegeIneedtoknowsomebasiclifeskills,suchasbalancingacheck-book,laundry,andthethingsyouhavetobeabletohandlethatIneverthoughtofinthehighschool!ItwasreallytoughformeatfirstandIgotbadlyhomesick.OncethatfirstsemesterwasoverandIgotusedtothecollegelife,Iloveit—goodfacilities,helpfulinstructors,andagoodlibrary.Thestudent’sUnionorganizesvariouspartieseveryweek.Ialsogotocinemasandconcerts,andoftenspendSaturdaynightsinpubsandclubs.OnethingIthinkisimportantistogetyourselfactiveinthings.Iwasondanceteamincollegeandmetatonofpeoplethatway—itwassomucheasiertomakefriendswhenyouhadacommonground.thesixelementsofanarrativepassage

who

When/where/What

How(process)Atfirst:

Then:

Atlast:

why

MikeHisfirstyearofcollegetoughest…adjustmentgotusedtoitlovethecollegelifeGethimselfactiveinthingsThewriterMiketellsushisexperienceinthefirstyearofcollegeinthepassage.Atfirst,withouthismother’stakingcareofhim,hefeltittoughtoadapttothelifethere.Butafterhegothimselfactiveinthingsandmadesomefriends,hegotusedtohiscollegelifeandevenlovedit.Tryit!议论文◆写作方法

议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论,因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(thetopicsentences)、支撑句(supportingsentences)和结论句(conclusionsentences)。其中最主要的是找准主题句。概要模板：论点+论据(+结论)Whenwemeetwithdifficultiesinlife,wenoticethatsomeofuschoosetoburyheadsinthesand.Unfortunately,however,thisattitudewilldoyounogood,becauseifyouhavenocouragetofacethem,howcanyouconquerthem?Thus,beoptimistic;asitcangiveyouconfidenceandhelpyouseeyourselfthroughthehardtimes.Keepingoptimistic,youwillbeabletorealize,inspiteofsomehardship,there’salwayshopewaitingforyou,whichwillleadyoutotheultimatesuccess.ThomasEdisonisoptimistic;ifnot,thelightofhopeinhisheartcouldnotgivelighttothewholeworld.AlfredNobelisoptimistic;ifnot,theexplosivesandtheNobelPrizewouldnothavecomeintobeing.Arosemaybebeautiful,ormaybenot.Thatdependsonyourattitudeonly.Sodoessuccess,andsodoeslife.Difficultiesdoexist,butifyouareoptimistic,thentheyareonlyepisodes(插曲)onyourlongwaytosuccess;therearemorebridgesthanobstacles!ThegreatBritishpoetShelley’slinessay,“Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?Bygivingexamplesoftwosuccessfulscientists,theauthorsuggeststhatwhenmeetingwithdifficultiesinlife,insteadofpretendingthattheydon’texist,weshouldholdanoptimisticattitude,whichcangiveusconfidence.Thereasonisthatitdependsontheattitudewhetherwecan/Onlyinthiswaycanweconquer/overcomedifficultiesandachievesuccessintheend.说明文◆写作方法

我们根据说明文的不同类型,分别给出三种参考模板：1.描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+利好”：

(Inthepassage)thewriterintroduces...(对象)tous,especiallyits...(性质或功用),fromwhichweknow...(对象带来的利好).2.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”：

Thepassagetellsus...(问题),andthesolutionsincluding...(方法1),...(方法2)and...(方法3).3.介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+结果”：

(Thepassagetalksabout)...(现象),because/but...(原因/本质1),and...(原因/本质2).在高考读写任务中,多为说明某种社会现象的说明文。特别提醒：

Eyecareisanimportantfactorinallofourlives.Withouteyes,weseemtobeabletodonothing.But,whatcanwedototakecareofeyes?Firstly,weshouldeathealthyfoods.Secondly,don’tsitbeforeacomputerscreenorTVfortoolongtimeandtakeregularrestatintervalssoastorelaxtheeyemuscles.Thirdly,havingenoughsleepisthebestrestforeyes.Besidesthosenotices,youshouldbeawareofsomethreatstoeyesindailylives.Excessiveexposuretobrightsunlightisharmfultoeyes,therefore,whengoingout,especiallyinsummertime,putonapairofqualifiedsunglasses.Stayawayfromsmoking.Someingredients

incigarettesarecarcinogenesis(致癌的).Lastbutnotleast,takeregularmedicalexaminestocheckoutthepotentialeyediseaseandpreventitsdeterioration(退化).Eyesarethemostimportantsenseorgansandoneshouldusepropereyecareproductstoavoidfurtherirritations(刺激)andensurelongevity[解题过程]

本文在指出眼睛重要后,紧接着提出问题“为保护眼睛,我们可以做些什么呢”,然后分点说明应该做些什么。因此,我们可以套用“问题+解决方法”模式：

Oureyesareimportantforus,sotheauthortellsushowtotakecareofoureyes,

includingeatinghealthyfood,givingthemenoughtimetorest,knowingsomethreats,andtakingfrequenteyeexaminations.写作训练ItmusthavebeenabouttwointhemorningwhenIreturnedhome.Itriedtowakeupmywifebyringingthedoorbell,butshewasfastasleep,soIgotaladderfromtheshedinthegarden,putitagainstthewall,andbeganclimbingtowardsthebedroomwindow.Iwasalmosttherewhenasarcasticvoicebelowsaid,“Idon’tthinkthewindowsneedcleaningatthistimeofthenight.”IlookeddownandnearlyfellofftheladderwhenIsawapoliceman.IimmediatelyregrettedansweringinthewayIdid,butIsaid,“Ienjoycleaningwindowsatnight.”“SodoI,”answeredthepolicemaninthesametone.“Excusemyinterruptingyou.Ihatetointerruptamanwhenhe’sbusyworking,butwouldyoumindcomingwithmetothestation?”“Well,I’dprefertostayhere,”Isaid.“Yousee,I’veforgottenmykey.”“Yourwhat?”hecalled.“Mykey,”Ishouted.Fortunately,theshoutingwokeupmywifewhoopenedthewindowjustasthepolicemanhadstartedtoclimbtowardsme

Summary:Onarrivinghomeatabouttwo

inthemorning,thewriterfailedtowakeuphiswifebythedoorbell.Hetriedtoclimbtowardsthebedroomwindow,butwasfoundby

apoliceman.Soonhisshoutingwokehiswife.Skill:

②要素串联法（常用于记叙文）

Studentsshouldthinknowaboutwhatextracurricular(课外的)activitiesthey'dliketoparticipatein.Participatinginextracurricularactivitiesmayhelpyoudeepenyourphysical,creative,social,political,andcareerinterestsbybringingyouintocommunicationwithotherlike-mindedpeopleyoudidn’tpreviouslyknow. Youcanjoingroupsasawaytogetsupportfromotherstudents.Acluborgroupcanalsobeagreatwaytomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.Lotsofyouthprogramsbringpeopletogetherwiththosewhoaredifferentasawaytobreakdownthebarriersbetweenpeople.Participatinginextracurricularactivitieshelpsyouinotherways,too.Itlooksgoodoncollegeandjobapplicationsandshowsadmissionsofficersandemployersyou'rewell-roundedandresponsible.Specificactivitieshelpwithspecificgoals. Themostbasicreasonforjoiningacluborteamisthatitgivesyousomethingbettertodothanstaringatthewall,wanderingthehall,orsleepingallafternoon.Peoplewhoareparticipatingarelesslikelytopickupbadhabits,likesmokingordrinking.

Theauthor(Thepassage)talksaboutthebenefitofextracurricularactivities.

Firstofall,itisagoodwaytowidenthestudents’socialcircle(或helpstudentsmakefriendswithotherpeople).Besides,ifwehaveparticipatedinlotsofactivities,itwillgiveagoodimpressionontheemployerwhenweapplyforalob.Aboveall,takingpartinextracurricularactivities,studentsaremorelikelytoliveahealthierlife.Advertisingcanbeaservicetocustomers.Thisistruewhenadvertisementsgivereliableinformationaboutthegoodsadvertised.Suchinformationisneededifthecustomeristomakeasensiblechoicewhenhebuyssomething.Itisusefulinthatitletshimknowofthekindsofgoodsintheshops.Printedadvertisementsdothisjobbest.Customerscancollectthemandcomparethem.Theycanbetakenalongtotheshopsandtheirstatementscanbecheckedagainstandactualgoodsintheshops.

Someadvertisementsarenotveryusefultothecustomers.Insteadofhelpingthecustomertosatisfyhisrealneeds,theysetouttomakehimwantthings.Theysetouttomakeusbelievethatwhattheyadvertisewillmakeuscleverer,prettier,morehandsome,ifonlyweuseit.ThevoiceonTVsays,“GetawaypeopleuseXYZpetrol.”Thescreenshowsapictureofpetrolpumpforafastexpensivecarownedbyaboywithaprettygirlfriend.Theydriveofftothewonderfulcountryoralovelybeach.Somepeoplemayfeelthatclever,successfulpeopleuseXYZpetrol.Somemightchoosethatpetroleverytimetheyfilluptheircars.

Summary:Advertisingcanbeusefulwhenitprovidescustomerswithreliableinformation，withwhichtheycandosomecomparisonbeforetheybuythegoodtheyreallyneed.However,

someadvertisementsarenotthecaseastheyareproducedonlytopersuadecustomerstobuywhattheydon’tneed.

Skill:①段意合并法(topicsentencesorkeywords，ifnotopicsentences)

PartIII.概括大意时应注意的几个事项1.不可忽略,忘记写.概括要点占5分.2.不可一字不漏地完全照抄原文.(但可以灵活地抄，特别对基础差的同学)3.不可加入自己的观点.必须忠于原文、忠于作者.4.不要概括太广，缺乏针对性，也不要只针对原文某个细节太狭窄.5.不要用列举、描绘性语言当成概括性语言.6.不要只用一个简单句来概括.或写得太多句子（单词）。7.要注意文体特征.文体不同,概括的方式也不同.8.不要把概括跟下文写成一起。（即要求分段）9．不要用序号标概括和下文，注意概括和下文构成一个不可分隔、完整的文章。10.卷面书写要求如下：1)贴底线书写，保持字母大小基本一致，字母主体部分占行线约一半大小为宜；2）单词间距保持基本一致，一般为1个字母的空间；3）错词只用一条横线或斜线划掉，尽量不要重复涂写同意字母或单词；4）每段前空格约4个字母的空间。Howtowritecomposition正文部分2.摘要后过渡语:在写完摘要之后,要有过渡词或过渡句,才使上下文自然衔接记叙文的过渡语(引出类似的经历)Thisstoryremindsmeofanotherstorythathappenedto…Thisstoryremindsmeofasimilarexperienceof…Ialsowentthroughsuchanexperience.Ihaveasimilarexperience.….have/hasasimilarexperienceas….如何提高作文档次(1)表达精练简洁:表达不要罗嗦,若能用非谓语动词做定语或状语就不要用定语从句或状语从句.(2)避免低级错误:避免语法和拼写的低级错误,避免被扣印象分.(3)保证赏心悦目:注重字体的美化,保持卷面整洁,提高印象分.(4)句子错落有致:根据表达需要,交叉使用长句与短句,简单句与复合句.(5)句式多种多样:多样化句式,方能显示较强的语言功底,大大提高作文档次.多样化句式(1)用itis/was…that…强调句式.(2)用作状语的介词短语开头的完全倒装句或用以onlyinthisway等开头的部分倒装句.(3)用with的复合结构(with+宾语+宾补)作状语.(4)用非谓语动词简化状语从句或并列结构.(5)用what引导的名词性从句.(6)用独立主格结构.(7)恰当运用感叹句,被动句等.(8)适当使用插入语,如tobehonest,Iguess,Ithink,personally等.(9)尽量用短语代替单词来表达同样的意思.(10)恰当使用关联词语,除使用复合句的连词外,写作中经常用到的关联词:举例:forexample;forinstance,suchas等列举:foronething…andforanother…一来…,二来…等.转折:however(然而),but(但是),afterall(毕竟)等.总结:inaword(总之),inbrief(总之),inconclusion(最后)等.因果:thanksto,asaresult(of…),dueto,therefore,so等.强调:indeed(确实),certainly(一定),aboveall(尤其)等.对比:inthesameway(同样地),justas(正如),comparedwith…(与…相比),ontheonehand…andontheotherhand…一方面…,另一方面….等.递进:then(然后),besides(此外,还有),what’smore(而且)等.备考策略:1.打好词汇语法基础2.阅读注意概括要点3.关注社会现象和社会热点,学会用英语表达想法4.每天一篇作文训练(25分钟)5.积累“万能”句型,写作常用到的正确句型.6.建立词句“错题集”7.保证卷面整洁美观丰富的句式：(常用到的句型结构）利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。e.g.What

akindboyheis!

How

disappointedhewas!

感叹句强调句e.g.It

wasthisyoungboythat

helpedtheoldgranny.Idohopeyoucancomeifpossible.e.g.Onlyinthiswaycanyou

solvethisproblem.There

comesthepolicecar.

Hardly

hadtheygottothestation

when

theymettheyoungman.e.g.Theyreadwhilewalkingorridingonabus.Cometomeifnecessary.e.g.Isawayoungladywalkingslowlyinthestreet

withahandbaginherhand.倒装句省略句with短语e.g.Inmyopinion,cybercafesshouldbeaplacewherewecan

findmuchusefulinformation.