语法复习特殊句式(主谓一致)

#/91/9一、语法一致不可数名词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火很危险。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Whethertheywillholdapartyornothasnotbeendecided.他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。Whenandwheretobuildthefactoryisnotdecidedyet何时何地建厂还未定下来。由and连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如：TomandMaryhavebeenmarriedfortenyears汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。Thebreadandthebuttertastegood.奶油和面包很好吃。注意事项：当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式(这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词)。ThepoetandwriterhasgonetoBeijing那位诗人兼作家去北京了。Thereisaknifeandforkonthetable.桌上有一畐U刀叉。Hereisaneedleandthreadforyou.这是给你的针线。Breadandbuttertastesgood.奶油面包很好吃。Timeandtidewaitsfornoman.岁月不待人。and所连接的连个名词前分别有every,each,no,manya等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting.没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。Eachteacherand(each)studentwasgivenabook.每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasspokenatthemeeting.在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。当主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,accompaniedby,like,except,but,besides,nolessthan,aswellas,including,inadditionto,ratherthan等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudentsiswatchingTV.老师和学生们正在看电视。Thegirlsaswellastheteacheraredancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。NobodybutTomandJackknowsthesecret除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。不定代词either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等作主语时，谓语用单数。如：Somebodyisaskingforyou.有人在找你。Everyoneishere.大家都来了。Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.没有的自行车有点毛病。注意事项：each本身作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词则用复数。如：Eachofthemhasadictionary他们每人有本词典。Theyeachhaveadictionary.他们每人有本词典。当noneof后面接的是可数名词时，谓语动词用单复数都可以；如接的是不可数名词，就只能用单数形式。如：Noneofusare(is)perfect.人无完人。Noneofthemoneywaspaidtome.连一分钱也没有付给我。all作主语，指人时，谓语用复数；指物时，谓语用单数。如：Allhavegonehome.大家都走了。Allthatglittersisnotgold.发亮的不一定都是金子。“manya(an)+名词”和“morethanone+名词”做主语，谓语用单数。ManyastudentisinterestedinEnglishgrammar.很多学生对英语语法感兴趣。Morethanonepersonwasinvolvedinthecase.不止一人卷入这个案子。在四则运算中谓语单复数均可(常用单数)。Threeandfouris(are)seven.3加4等于7.Twotimestenis(are)twenty.2乘10等于20.当kindof,typeof,sortof,pairof等做主语时，谓语与of前的kind,pair,type等保持一致。如：ThispairoftrouserswasmadebyMasterLi.这条裤子是李师傅做的。Thekindoftheappletastesdelicious.这种苹果很好吃。Somekindsofbamboogrowveryfast.有些种类的竹子生长的非常快。注意事项：“名词+ofthiskind”结构作主语，谓语与其中的名词保持一致。如：Applesofthiskindarehighlypriced.这种苹果定价很高。Menofthiskindaredangerous.这种人很危险。由“someof，plentyof，alotof，lotsof，mostof，therestof，allof，halfof，partof或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。如：Therestofthelectureisdull.讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。Therestofthebicyclesareonsaletoday.剩余的自行车今天出售。Halfoftheappleisrotten.这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。Halfoftheapplesarerotten.这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。注意事项：当“anumberof/avarietyof/varietiesof+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但“thenumberof(表数目)和thevarietyof(表种类)等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Anumberofnewhouseshavebeenbuiltthere.在那儿已建起许多新房子。Thereareavarietyofgoodsonsaleintheshop.那个商店出售各种各样的商品。Thenumberofthepeoplewhoknowthesecretisverylimited.知道这个秘密的人数很有限。Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleintheshopissurprising.那个商店商品的品种多得惊人。“alargeamountof+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“largeamountsof+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。“alargequantityof+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“alargequantityof+复数名词”作主语，谓语常用复数。“largequantitiesof+不可数名词/复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。“agood/greatdealof+不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。如：Alargeamountofcleanwateriswastedeveryday.每天有大量干净的水被浪费掉。Vastamountsofmoneyarebeinginvestedinthelocalmarket大量的资金投在当地的市场上。Largequantitiesofbeerareconsumedinthecityeveryyear.这个城市每年要消费大量的啤酒。Alargequantityofmoneywasspentonthebridge.很多钱花在建这座桥上。Alargequantityofmaterialswerespentonthebuilding.建这个大楼耗费了大量的建筑材料。Agooddealofworkhastobedonetoday.今天有大量的工作要做。9•在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，从句谓语单复形式根据先行词来判断：若是oneof结构，定语从句谓语用复数；若是theonlyoneof结构，定语从句谓语用单数。如:Maryisoneofthegirlswholikehiking.Maryistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspassedtheexam.10.“oneandahalf+复数名词”或“a/one+单数名词+andahalf"作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Oneandahalfmonthshaspassed.已经过去了一个半月。Amonthandahalfhaspassed.已经过去了一个半月。但是，国外一些词书则认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数：Oneandahalfmonthshavepassed.已经过去了一个半月。Amonthandahalfhaspassed.已经过去了一个半月。11.“oneortwo+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Oneortwostudentswereplantingtreesyesterdayafternoon．昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。【练习一】(09陕西)Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,(be)goingtovisitBeijingthissummer.(2012湖南)Allthescientificevidence(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming(be)damagingourhealth.3(.11安徽卷)Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich(be)savedforotherpurposes.(11湖南卷)Onethirdofthecountry(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens(be)blackpeople.(10全国)Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho(wear)eveningdress.(10湖南)Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts(have)causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.(10四川)SuchpoetsasShakespeare(be)widelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,some(be)difficulttounderstand.(09山东)ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities(be)risingsteadilysince1990.(08陕西)一Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea(be)invited.10(.06江苏)Apoetandartist(be)comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.11(.05山东)Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth(wash)awayeachyear.12.(07江西)ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhereyet.A.hasn'tbeendecidedB.haven'tdecidedC.isn'tbeingdecidedD.aren'tdecided二、意义上一致表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、长度、价值、数目等名词作主语时，尽管其形式是复数，但在概念上通常把这些名词看作是一个整体，因此根据意义一致的原则，谓语动词多用单数形式。如：Twenty-fivedollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt．25美元买那件衬衣太贵了。Fiftyminutesisn'tenoughtofinishthistest．50分钟完成这个测试是不够的。Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.对我来说，10英里步行似乎很远。当然，在许多情况下，也可根据语法一致的原则，把这些名词复数看作一个个的个体，使用复数动词。如：TenyearshavepassedbeforeIrealizedit不知不觉10年过去了。2•当“the+形容词(过去分词)”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。Thepoorliveahardlife.穷人的日子不好过。Thesickandwoundedweresenthome.病人和伤员被送回家。Thebeautifullivesforever美是永存的。Thewoundedisourheadmaster那个伤员是我们的校长。当maths（mathematics）,politics,physics等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Politicsishisfavoritesubject.政治学是他最喜欢的学科。Mathsisasubjectthatisdifficulttolearn数学是一门很难学的课程。4•书名、报刊名以及某些以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：Rootswasanovelaboutaslavefamily.《根》是一本有关奴隶家庭的小说。ArabianNightsisfullofinterestingstories.《一千零一夜》充满了有趣的故事。TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry美国是个发达国家。当集合名词audience,family,class,army,group,team,enemy,government,public,couple等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果强调其中的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。Myfamilyisabigone.我们家是个大家庭。Myfamilyareallmusiclovers.我们家全是音乐爱好者。Thefootballteamisthebestoneinthisarea.这只球队是这个地区最好的一支球队。Thefootballteamarehavingabath.球员们正在洗澡。但有些集合名词，如police,cattle,people等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数。如：Thepeoplehopetoliveahappylife.人民希望过上好日子。Thepolicehavecaughtthecriminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。Cattlefeedongrass.牛以草为食。6•有的名词是单数、复数相同，如sheep,deer,aircraft,means,fish,works,species等，作主语时，如表示复数意义，动词用复数；如表示单数意义，动词用单数。例如：Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried•每种方法都尝试过了。Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.所有方法都尝试了。Thecrossroadsis/aredangerous.这个（些）十字路口很危险。Therearetwoironandsteelworksinourprovince•我省有两家钢铁厂。Asheepisoverthere•那边有只羊。Somesheepareoverthere.那边有些羊。7.由两个对称部分组成一个物体的名词，如trousers,shoes,glasses,compasses,jeans,pants,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。如：Hisblacktrousersaretoolong.他的黑裤子太长。Yourglassesareonyournose你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。注：如果在这类名词前用了量词pair,piece等时，其谓语动词应与pair,piece等的单复数相一致。如：Apairofglassescostsquitealotnow现在一副眼镜值很多钱。Therearetwopairsofglovesonthedesk.桌上有两副手套。有些以-ch,-sh,-ese结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与定冠词the连用，指整个民族，表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。如：TheEnglisharesaidtobeconservative.据说英国人是保守的。TheChinesearekindandfriendly中国人民友好善良。当姓氏复数前加定冠词表示一家人时，谓语动词用复数。如：TheSmithswerealsoinvited.斯密斯夫妇也受到邀请。【练习二】【真题再现】(07江西)Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts(show)thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek(be)goodforone'shealth.(00上海春)Everypossiblemeans(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.三、就近一致1•由or,either・・or,neither・・nor,notonlybut(also)连接两个或多个并列主语时，谓语动词应根据就近一致的原则，与其靠近的一个相一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsaretoblame.或者老师或者学生们应受到指责。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherdoesn'tknowaboutit．不仅学生们不知道这件事，他们的老师也不知道。Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit学生和老师都不知道这事.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。在therebe结构中和here开头的句子，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的那个主语相一致。如：Thereisabook，twoball-pensandseveralnotebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一本书、两支圆珠笔和几个笔记本。Therearefourchairsandatableintheroom.房间里摆有4把椅子和一张桌子。【练习三】(09湖南)Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary(be)tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.(89)【巩固练习】NobodybutJane(know)thesecret.(86)Allbutone(be)herejustnow.(87)Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks(offer)tothenationasagift.(90)Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory(not;decide)yet.(91)Eitheryouortheheadmaster(be)tohandouttheprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting(1994上海)Thenumberofpeopleinvited(be)fifty,butanumberofthem(be)absentfordifferentreasons.(96)E-mail,aswellastelephones,(play)animportantroleinourdailylife(1999上海)(2000全国春)Allthepreparationsforthetask(complete),andwearereadytostart.(2000NMET)Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict(be)coveredwithtreesandgrass.(2000上海春)ItoldhimwhatIwassurprisedat(be)hisattitudetowardshisstudy.(2001上海)Asaresultofdestroyingtheforest,alargequantityofdesert(have)coveredtheland.(02上海春)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho(be)awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(04福建)Shehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook(reach)50million.(04上海春)NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI(know)thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.(04广东)Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager(encourage)toworkonlineathome.(04北京)Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,(be)visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.(05辽宁)Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especiallythosefromthecountryside,(work)intheclothingindustry.05上海)ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,(work)ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.(05山东)Thecountrylifehewasusedto(change)greatlysince1992.(06浙江)Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third(be)usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.(06安徽)MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths(be)alsotrueoftheJohnsons.(06辽宁)Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.(07湖南)Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeo