2023年初升高暑期话题阅读专练：卫生与健康（含解析）

第第页2023年初升高暑期话题阅读专练：卫生与健康（含解析）2023年初升高暑期话题阅读专练：卫生与健康

（共9题）

一、阅读理解题（共9题）

SmokingforLife

InEurope,over215millionpeoplesmokeeveryday.Itisabadthing.Everyoneknowstheyshouldn'tsmokebecausesmokingisreallybadforthehealth.SowhydopeopledoitThetruthisthatnearly95%ofadult(成年人)smokersstartedwhentheywereteenagers(青少年).Peopledon'tusuallystartsmokingaftertheageof20.Butbecausesmokingisveryaddictive(使人上瘾的),it'shardtostopafteryoustart.Soifyoustartsmokingasateenager,you'llfinditdifficulttogiveupasanadult.Andalmosteveryadultwhosmokeswishestheyhadneverstarted.

Althoughpeopleknowaboutthedangersofsmoking,psychologists(心理学家)andparentsstillcan'tfindawaytostopteenagersdoingit.IntheUnitedStates,about3,000teenagerstrytheirfirstcigaretteeveryday.That'sonemillionnewteenagesmokerseveryyear.

Teenagersunderstandthatsmokingisbadforthembutjustdon'tusetheircommonsense.Manyteenagersbelievethatsmokingmakesthem"cool"and"adult"(成熟的).Somedoitjustbecausetheirfriendsaredoingit.

"Unfortunately(不幸地),whenanadultseesyousmoking,it'slikewearingabig'I'maStupidTeenager'sign(符号、指示牌)aroundyourneck,"saysMarshallBraininhisbook,ATeenager'sGuidetotheRealWorld."Adultsdon'tdecidetostartsmoking.Ifyoustartsmokingasateenager,you'llhaveahabitthatisdirty,expensive,unhealthyandunwantedfortherestofyourlife."

Thegoodnewsisthatthenumberofteenswhosmokeisfalling.Iamveryhappyaboutit.Today,intheUS,onlyabout22%ofteenagerssmoke,downfrom36%just7yearsago.Ihopethenumberwillcontinuetofall.

(1)Thewriterthinks_____.

A．it'seasyforteenagerstostopsmoking

B．teenagerswanttobespecialbysmoking

C．teenagersdon'tknowtheharmofsmoking

D．smokingisanexpensiveandcoolhabitforteenagers

(2)Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout_____.

A．whymanyteenagerssmoke

B．whatadultscandoforteenagers

C．howteenagerscanstopsmoking

D．howmanyteenagersaresmoking

(3)Whatisthewriter'smainpurpose(目的)inwritingthispassage

A．Toshareabookaboutteenagerssmoking.

B．Toexplainreasonsaboutteenagerssmoking.

C．Tointroducesomebadpointsaboutcigarettes.

D．Tomaketeenagersstayawayfromthecigarettes.

MollyLindaMark

Swim√××

Rideabike√√×

Rideahorse×√√

Playfootball√×√

Playtennis×√×

(1)()MollyandLindacanrideabike.

(2)()Markcan'tswim,rideabikeorplaytennis.

(3)()Mollycanrideahorseandplaytennis.

(4)()Lindacanrideahorse,rideabike,butshecan'tplaytennis.

(5)()MollyandMarkcan'tplaytennis.

Wewanttobehealthy.Weknowfoodisveryimportant.Thereislotsofhealthyfood.Wecanhavemoreapples,bananas,oranges,carrotsandtomatoesbecausefruitandvegetablesaregoodforus.Thereisasaying"Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway."Wecan'teattoomuchice-cream.Itisnotgoodforus.

Sportscanalso(也)keepushealthy.Domoresportseveryday.Wewillbehealthyandhappy.

(1)Arefruitandvegetableshealthyfood

(2)Whycan'tweeattoomuchice-cream

(3)Whatcankeepushealthy

(4)短文中划线单词“It”指的是“”

(5)从文中找出和下列句子划线部分意思相近的词语

Itisbadtoeatmuchchocolate.

Tom'seatinghabits

breakfastlunchdinner

√×√×√×

(1)Forbreakfast,Tomlikes,buthedoesn'tlike.

(2)请仿照以上句型和图片提示写出Tom午餐和晚餐的喜好。

(3)请仿照以上句型写两个关于自己的三餐饮食喜好的句子。

It'sveryimportantforustohaveahealthyeatinghabit.Agoodeatinghabitmakesyouhealthyandstrong.Butwhatismyhealthyeatinghabit

Iliketoeatnoodles,rice,bread,eggsandmilkeveryday.Theygivemeheat.Therearealotofvitaminsinvegetablesandfruit.SoIhavevegetableseighttoeleventimesaweek.Ieatfruitseventoninetimesaweek.Idon'teattoomuchfishandmeat.Ionlyhavefishandmeatthreetofourtimesaweek.Inevereatjunkfood.It'sbadformyhealth.Andthemostimportanteatinghabitistoeatlessformysupper,becausebeforesleeping,eatingtoomuchisbadforourhealth.

Let'shaveahealthyeatinghabittokeepourselvesfit!

(1)Whatisimportantforus

(2)Whatdoesthewritereateveryday

(3)Whydoesheeatvegetablesandfruit

(4)Howmanytimesdoesheeatvegetables

(5)What'sthemostimportanteatinghabit

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

(1)HowoftendomoststudentsofGrade8exercise

A．Everyday.B．Onceortwiceaweek.

C．Threeorfourtimesaweek.

(2)HowmanystudentsofGrade8exerciseatleastthreetimesaweek

A．32.B．48.C．80.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

Karenalwayssaidthatshedidn'tlikeherhouseatall.OnedayIaskedwhyshedidn'tlookforanotherhouse.Karenanswered,"IwilllookforanotheronewhenIcomebackfromvacation."

Samhatedhisjob.However,helovedtakingphotos,andwastakingatwo-yearcoursetomakehimbetteratit.Everydayhesaidhisworkwasboring.Iaskedhimwhyhedidn'tgiveuphisjobandstartabusinessoftakingphotos.Hisreplywas,"WhenIfinishmycourse,Iwillstartabusiness."

Harryworkedforacompanythatallowedhimtoretire(退休)early,buthehadtogetlessmoneyafterheretired.NowHarrybecameveryweakandfounditdifficulttodealwithhiswork.Iwasworriedabouthishealthbecausetoomuchworkwasbadforhim."Whydon'tyouretire,HarryDosomethingthatyouwanttodo,"Isaid."IfIwereolder,Iwouldgetmyfullpay.Whenthenextsummercomes,maybeIwill,"Harryreplied.

Thereisanoldsayingthatsays,"IfandWhenwereplanted,andNothinggrew."Ayearlater,Karenisstilllivinginthehouseshehates.Samisstillbusywithhisboringjobandhasn'tfinishedhiscourse.Harryisstillworkingandhishealthisevenworse.Thesepeoplehadalotofstressintheirlivesandcouldn'tchangethesituationsbythinking"iforwhen".

Lifeistooshortfor"ifsandwhens".Thenexttimeyoufindyourselfthinking"iforwhen",rememberthesaying:"IfandWhenwereplanted,andNothinggrew."

(1)HowdidKarenlikeherhouse

A．Shelikedit.B．Shehatedit.

C．Shevaluedit.D．Shedidn'tmindit.

(2)WhatcoursewasSamtaking

A．Tour-guiding.B．Advice-giving.

C．Picture-taking.D．House-painting.

(3)Whydidn'tHarrywanttoretire

A．Becausehewasverystrongandhealthy.

B．Becausehewasn'tallowedtoretireearly.

C．Becausehisworkwasinterestingandrelaxing.

D．Becausehewantedtogetfullpayafterretirement.

(4)WhichofthefollowingisTRUE

A．Samhasfinishedhiscourse.

B．Karenlivesinanewhousenow.

C．Harryisstillworkinginthecompanynow.

D．Theydidn'thaveanystressintheirlivesatall.

(5)Theunderlinedoldsayingwantstotellus_____.

A．whentogrowplantsB．totakeactionatonce

C．tostopworkinghardD．howtochangeyourself

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

MybrotherandIlikesportsverymuch.Welikerunning,playingbasketball,swimmingandsoon.Ofallthesportswelikeswimmingbest.Swimmingisreallyinteresting.Ifyouswiminthepool,youwilllooklikealovelyfish.Verycool!Youwillbehappyifyoucanswim.Ifyouoftenswim,youwillbehealthy.Swimmingcanbringyoualotoffun.Comeandenjoyswimmingwithusinthefollowingtwoclubs.

CityClub

SwimmingMon.~Sun.8:00p.m.~9:00p.m.

BasketballMon.~Sun.8:00a.m.~5:00p.m.

VolleyballSat.~Sun.10:00a.m.~6:00p.m.

Tel:865-2236http://www.

CoolClub

SwimmingMon.~Fri.3:00p.m.~8:00p.m.

BasketballMon.~Sun.8:00a.m.~6:00p.m.

Tel:662-3368

(1)Whichsportdothewriterandhisbrotherlikebest

A．Sports.B．Basketball.C．Football.D．Swimming.

(2)Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutswimmingoften

A．Veryboring.B．Likeacoolfish.

C．Excited.D．Goodforhealth.

(3)IfthewriterwantstoswimonSunday,wherecanhego

A．CityClub.B．CoolClub.

C．BothAandB.D．Hecan'tswimonSunday.

(4)Ifyouwanttojointheminswimmingintheafternoon,wherecanyoufindthem

A．CityClub.B．CoolClub.

C．BothAandB.D．Youcan'tfindthem.

(5)Whichclubhasawebsite(网站)

A．CityClub.B．CoolClub.

C．BothAandB.D．Neither.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

Influenza,orflu(流感),isatypeofvirus.Itspreadsfromonepersontoanotherquickly.Whensomeonewhohastheflucoughsorsneezes,littledropletsfromtheirlungs(肺)spreadoutintotheair.Anyonenearbycangetsick.Evenapersonwhotouchessomethingwiththevirusandthentoucheshisorhermouth,eyes,ornose,canbecomeinfected(感染).

Theoutbreakofthe1918influenzainfectedabout500millionpeopleworldwide.Itkilledfrom20millionto50millionpeople.ItwasfirstseeninEurope,theunitedStates,andpartsofAsia.Itthenspreadquicklyaroundtheworld.Manypeoplewhobecamesickwereyoung,healthyadults.Atthetime,notreatmentsworkedinthepreventionofthespreadofthekillerflu.Peoplewereorderedtowearmasks.Schools,theatresandotherpublicplaceswereclosed.

Whenthefirstwave(波)inthespringof1918hit,itdidn'tseemserious.Peoplewhowereinfectedfelttheusualflusymptoms(症状),whicharechills,fevers,andfeelingtired.Thosewhogotsickgenerallygotbetterafterseveraldays.Notmanydied.However,asecond,highlycontagious(传染的)waveofinfluenzaappearedinthefallofthatsameyear.Victimsdiedshortlyaftertheywereinfected—withinhoursordays.Theirskinturnedblueandtheirlungswerefilledwithliquid(液体),makingitverydifficulttobreathe.

Bythesummerof1919,theflupandemic(大流行病)cametoanend.Sickpeoplehadeithergotwellordied.Almost90yearslater,in2023,researchersannouncedthey'ddiscoveredwhythe1918fluwassodeadly.Thefluvirusinflamed(使……恶化)thelungs,causingthemtofillwithliquid.

Since1918,therehavebeenseveralotherinfluenzapandemics,althoughnonehasbeenquiteasdeadly.

(1)Whatinformationaboutthe1918fluismentionedinthepassage

A．Thereasonwhyitwassodeadly.

B．Thereasonwhyitended.

C．Thechangeitcausedtomedicalresearch.

D．Theplaceinwhichitwaslastseen.

(2)Allthepeoplethatwereinfectedwiththe1918flu_____.

A．hadblueskinthatledtotheirdeath

B．hadtouchedsomeonewiththevirus

C．diedastheirlungswerefilledwithliquid

D．hadthevirusintheirbodiesthatmadethemsick

(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthe1918fluisTRUEaccordingtothepassage

A．Wearingamaskwasthebestwaytotreatit.

B．Ayoungerpersonhadalowerriskofbeinginfectedwithit.

C．Peopleexpectedthecomingofitssecondwave,butcouldn'tstopit.

D．Itwasdeadlierthananyotherinfluenzapandemicinmodernhistory.

答案

一、阅读理解题（共9题）

1.【答案】

(1)B

(2)A

(3)D

【解析】

(1)推理判断题。根据Manyteenagersbelievethatsmokingmakesthe"cool"and"adult"(成熟的)。许多青少年认为吸烟使他们“冷静”和“成熟”。

(2)段落大意题。本段大意：青少年明白吸烟对他们不利，但只是不使用他们的常识。许多青少年认为吸烟使他们“冷静”和“成熟”。有些人只是因为他们的朋友正在做这件事。可知是在解释青少年吸烟的原因。

(3)主旨大意题。根据Today,intheUS,onlyabout22%ofteenagerssmoke,downfrom36%just7yearsago.Ihopethenumberwillcontinuetofall.今天，在米国，只有约22%的青少年吸烟，低于7年前的36%。我希望这个数字会继续下降。可知是希望青少年远离烟。

2.【答案】

(1)错误

(2)正确

(3)错误

(4)错误

(5)正确

3.【答案】

(1)Yes,theyare.

(2)Becauseice-creamisnotgoodforourhealth.

(3)Healthyfoodandsportscankeepushealthy.

(4)ice-cream

(5)lotsof

【解析】

(1)细节理解题。根据第一段第四句话“Wecanhavemoreapples,bananas,oranges,carrotsandtomatoesbecausefruitandvegetablesaregoodforus.”可知，水果和蔬菜都是健康食物，题干为一般疑问句，因此答句要用“Yes，主语+系动词”的结构。主语“fruitandvegetables”是复数形式，因此答句应当使用they避免重复。

(2)细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句话“Wecan'teattoomuchice-cream,Itisnotgoodforus.”可知，冰淇淋对我们的身体不好，所以不能吃太多冰淇淋。

(3)细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句话“Weknowfoodisveryimportant.Thereislotsofhealthyfood.”和第二段第一句话“Sportscanalsokeepushealthy.”可知，健康的食物和运动都能让我们保持健康。

(4)词义猜测题。根据前文“Wecan'teattoomuchice-cream.”可知，表示我们不能吃太多冰淇淋，结合语境可推知，这是因为冰淇淋对我们身体不好，因此可知，it是代指上文出现的ice-cream。

(5)细节理解题。原句划线部分意为“许多”，much只能修饰不可数名词，原文第一段第三句话“Thereislotsofhealthyfood.”中，lotsof意为许多，与much同义，且可以修饰不可数名词，可以与much互换。

4.【答案】

(1)bread;eggs

(2)Forlunch,Tomlikesrice,buthedoesn'tlikecarrots;Fordinner,Tomlikeschicken,buthedoesn'tlikeapples.

(3)略。

5.【答案】

(1)Tohaveahealthyeatinghabit.

(2)Noodles,rice,bread,eggsandmilk.

(3)Therearealotofvitaminsinvegetablesandfruit.

(4)Eighttoeleventimesaweek.

(5)Eatinglessforsupper.

Toeatlessforsupper.

6.【答案】

(1)B

(2)C

【解析】

(1)此题是细节理解题。答案出处：饼图中的灰色部分。75%：onceortwiceaweek百分之七十五：一周一次或两次。

因此，正确答案是B。

(2)此题是推理判断题。答案出处：饼图中的橙色部分。15%：threeorfourtimesaweek百分之十五：一周三次或四次。饼图中的蓝色部分：10%：everyday百分之十：每天。ExercisehabitsofGrade8(320students)八年级的运动习惯（320名学生）。计算方法为：320×（15%+10%）=80。

因此，正确答案是C。

7.【答案】

(1)B

(2)C

(3)D

(4)C

(5)B

【解析】

(1)此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Karenalwayssaidthatshedidn'tlikeherhouseatall.Karen总是说她一点也不喜欢她的房子。

因此，正确答案是B。

(2)此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Samhatedhisjob.However,helovedtakingphotos,andwastakingatwo-yearcoursetomakehimbetteratit.Sam讨厌他的工作。然而，他喜欢拍照，并参加了一个为期两年的课程，以使他更好地做到这一点。

因此，正确答案是C。

(3)此题是细节理解题。答案出处：IfIwereolder,Iwouldgetmyfullpay.如果我年纪大些，我就能拿到我的全部工资了。

因此，正确答案是D。

(4)此题是细节理解题。答案出处：NowHarrybecameveryweakandfounditdifficulttodealwithhiswork.Iwasworriedabouthishealthbecausetoomuchworkwasbadforhim.现在Harry变得非常虚弱，觉得很难处理他的工作。我担心他的健康，因为工作太多对他有害。

因此，正确答案是C。

(5)此题是句意理解题。答案出处：Thereisanoldsayingthatsays,"IfandWhenwereplanted,andNothinggrew."Ayearlater,Karenisstilllivinginthehouseshehates.Sa