交通运输汽车剖析课件

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SOLUTIONSCHALLENGESINTRODUCTIONMEASURES

实例分析研究的方法与技术路线OTHERSOLUTIONSCHALL

MEASURES

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SOLUTIONSCHALLENGESINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONCurrentsituationCurrentsituationCurrentsituationCurrentsituationCurrently,transportationsystemsareanindispensablepartofhumanactivities.Itwasestimatedthatanaverageof40%ofthepopulationspendsatleast1hontheroadeachday.Aspeoplehavebecomemuchmoredependentontransportationsystemsinrecentyears,transportationsystemsthemselvesfacenotonlyseveralopportunitiesbutseveralchallengesaswell.MEASURESOTHERSOLUTIONSCHALLINTRODUCTIONMEASURESOTHER

SOLUTIONSCHALLENGESCHALLENGESONETWOTHREEONETWOTHREEFirst,congestionhasbecomeanincreasinglyimportantissueworldwideasthenumberofvehiclesontheroadincreases.Forexample,Beijing,China,hadatotalof4millionvehiclesatthebeginningof2010andaddedanother800000inthatyear.Congestioncanleadtoanincreaseinfuelconsumption,airpollution,anddifcultiesinimplementingplansforpublictransportation.Itcanalsoincreasetheriskofheartattack,asindicatedbyamedicalreport.Second,accidentrisksincreasewiththeexpansionoftransportationsystems,particularlyinseveraldevelopingcountries.Itwaspointedoutbysomearticlesthatalmostthreefourthsofalltrafficaccidentscanbeattributedtohumanerror.

Third,landresourcesareoftenlimitedinseveralcountries.Itisthusdifculttobuildnewinfrastructuresuchashighwaysandfreeways.Thecompetitivenessofacountry,itseconomicstrength,andproductivityheavilydependontheperformanceofitstransportationsystems.INTRODUCTIONMEASURESOTHERSOLUCHALLENGESINTRODUCTIONOTHER

SOLUTIONSMEASURES

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Forexample,duringthe2008BeijingOlympics,thecitygovernmentofBeijing,China,imposedarestrictiononcarownersbasedonodd/evenlicenseplatenumberstokeep50%ofprivatecarsofftheroad.Thisapproachhascertainlyalleviatedcongestionandtheairpollutionproblemtosomeextent.Ingeneral,theapproachworksforspecialeventsbutmaynotbeappropriateundernominalcircumstances.

Anotherstrategyistoaddadditionalinfrastructurebyconstructingnewroadsand/ortoimprovetheexistinginfrastructuresuchaswideningtheroads.Thisapproach,however,canbecostlyanddemandingfortheuseofalreadyverylimitedlandresources.

Thethirdstrategyistooptimizetheuseoftheexistingtransportationsystembyanalyzingthedatathatarecollectedfromalargeamountofauxiliaryinstruments,e.g.,cameras,inductive-loopdetectors,GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)-basedreceivers,andmicrowavedetectorsCHALLENGESINTRODUCTIONOTHERSO经验总结法

主题总结科研道德意义科研道德实例分析科研道德原则OTHER

SOLUTIONSIntelligentTransportationSystemsIntelligenttransportationsystems(ITS)haveemergedasanefcientwayofimprovingtheperformanceoftranspo