虚拟语气讲解-Jack高考英语课件

TheSubjunctiveMood

虚拟语气的考点

1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气

1）概念

虚拟语气用于条件句中。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2）在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。

句型条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.

willrain

B.rains

C.rained

D.is虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去相反的假设与将来相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语＋should,would，might,could＋动词原形1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋动词原形，IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋have＋过去分词，Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldbeenhavesaved.IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.

非真实条件句3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：If主语＋过去式/should/wereto＋do，主语＋should（could…）＋原形do，如：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.

混合条件句

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反Ifithadrainedlastnight（过去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday（现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：

Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.

WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.

Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.Note：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。２．省略句

在条件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should

提到句首，变为倒装句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.名词性从句虚拟语气在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋（should）＋动词原形.MotherinsistedthatJohngotobedat9o’clock.Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.Note:在这种句子中不出现“would”“must”“could”等

（1）用于宾语从句１、wish后面的宾语从句中。

一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表将来would,might,could＋动词原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”should可以省略．（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形我们有必要出去散散步。

It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2

她这样做是很自然的。

It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.3

重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.（3）虚拟语气在在主语从句中B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中从句也常用(should)+动词原型

It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.

1.

Itis(high/about)timethat…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．三、虚拟语气在其他从句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态

IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!3.wouldrather+从句动词用过去式或过去完成时

Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.

4.

asif(asthough)看起来常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).Hetreats/treatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit5.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.四情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以---mighthavedone本来可能---should/oughttohavedone本来应该做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不该做--

你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做---

比较：didn’tneedtodo没必要做也没有做---我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做----我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldB.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.wasCAAA5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.shoulddo;beset

D.haddone;mustbesetBA7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A.are

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen8.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.would

B.shouldhave

C.may

D.haveBc

含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:

1.条件暗含在短语中。如：

WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(条件暗含在分词短语withoutyou中)

Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中)

Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含条件是butforyourhelp)

Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.(条件暗含在分词短语happeninginwartime中)Hemusthavethestrengthofahippopotamus,orhenevercouldhavevanquishedthatgreatbeast.(暗含条件是连词or)Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.(暗含条件是alone)2.条件暗含在上下文中。如：

Youmightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)

Wewouldhavesucceeded.(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)

Yourreputationwouldberuined.(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)

Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime)

3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：

Youwouldn’tknow.你不会知道。

Iwouldliketocome.我愿意来。

Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.

这是我做梦也不会想到的。

Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witness.

他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样.虚拟语气时态的判定注意:

假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致情况下的虚拟语气（混合条件句，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整）。

如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在）如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去）Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。

1.如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了．

Iftheweather____________finer,thecrops_______________________stillbetter.2.如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医院里了．

Ifyou_______________theteacher’sadvice,you______________inthehospital.3.如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作的．

Ifyou

inbetterhealth,we_________________youtogotheretohelptheirwork.hadbeencouldhaveallowedwouldbegrowinghadfollowedwouldn’tbewere虚拟语气1.Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissed B.hadmissedC.wouldmiss D.missed2.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.A.hadmet B.metC.wouldmeet D.wouldhavemetMoreExercisesAD虚拟语气3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!(ButIdidn’t.) A.listened B.hadlist