比较级和比较结构-课件

比较等级与比较结构ComparisonandComparativeConstruction2020/10/281讲解提纲形容词与副词的比较等级比较结构的三大类型as…as…more…than…themost…比较结构的其它形式2020/10/282精品资料2020/10/283形容词与副词的比较等级三个等级：原级

Positive/AbsoluteDegree比较级

ComparativeDegree最高级

SuperlativeDegree比较级和最高级的形式规则不规则2020/10/284规则形式综合形式SyntheticForm加后缀-er；-est分析形式AnalyticForm在原级前加more；most2020/10/285构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词tallfasttallerfastertallestfastest结尾为辅音闭音节单音节词bigbiggerbiggest双音节clevercleverermoreclevercleverestmostclever结尾为辅音字母+y的双音节词easyeasiereasiest多音节词importantmoreimportantmostimportant规则形式2020/10/286不规则形式原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestwellbadworseworstilloldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2020/10/287没有比较等级的词语right,wrong,excellent,perfect,final,whole,ultimate,entire,fatal,spontaneous,univeral,extreme,etc.2020/10/288比较结构类型as…as…more…than…themost…2020/10/289as…as…基本形式as+adj/adv原级+as分句否定形式notso/as+adj/adv原级+as分句less…than…Examples:JohnisasbrightasBob.Johnisnotas/sobrightasBob.JohnislessbrightthanBob.2020/10/2810as…as…变体形式asmuch/many+名词+as分句e.g.Hetookasmuchbutterasheneeded.Shehaswrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother.as+adj.原级+名词词组+as分句e.g.GeorgeisasefficientaworkerasJack.=Georgeisaworker(whois)asefficientasJack.2020/10/2811基本用法主语不同，比较项目相同(不同事物的同一方面)e.g.Thegirlwasasbrilliantashersister.Johndoesn’tbehaveas/sopolitelyasBob.主语相同，比较项目不同（同一事物的两个方面）e.g.Thegirlwasasbrilliantas

shewasbeautiful.Heisnotsowiseasheiswitty.主语不同，比较项目也不同（不同事物的不同方面）e.g.Thisswimmingpoolisn’ttwice

aswideasthatoneislong.Hisunclewasasbaseandunworthyashisfatherhadbeenuprightandhonorable.2020/10/2812as…as与bad,much连用时，常置于句首，引导让步状语从句。译为“尽管……”：As/Sobadasheis,hehashisgoodpoints.

Asmuchasshehatedcruelty,shecouldn’thelpwatchingthefight.2020/10/2813asgoodas（此处不涉及比较级）=ineffect,practically,译为“实际上（等于）”。例如：Whathesaidhasasgoodasshownhisattitude.

Theyhaveasgoodaspromisedtohelpus.Thepatientisasgoodascured.

2020/10/2814more…than…基本形式adj/adv比较级+than分句否定形式less…than…notso/as+adj/adv原级+as分句JohnisbrighterthanBob.Thiscarrunslessfastthanthatone.(Thiscarrunsslowerthanthatone.)Thiscardoesn’trunso/asfastasthatone.2020/10/2815比较级前可加数词表示确切的度量e.g.Heistwoinchestallerthanhisfather.Hecametwentyminutesearlierthantheothers.2020/10/2816不定冠词/零冠词+形容词比较级+n.+than分句e.g.JohnisamoreefficientworkerthanJack.=JohnisaworkermoreefficientthanJack.=JohnismoreefficientaworkerthanJack.Mybrotherhasalargerhousethanmine.=Mybrother’shouseislargerthanmine.2020/10/2817the+adj/adv比较级+of词组e.g.Johnisthebrighterofthetwoboys.Theblackoneisthebetterofthetwopens.只适用于两者比较more…than…变体形式2020/10/2818more/lessofa+可数名词单数+than分句e.g.Heismore/lessofasportsmanthanhisbrother.=Heismore/lesssportsmanlikethanhisbrother.HewasmoreofafoolthanIthoughthewas.HewasasmuchofafoolasIthoughthewas.Hewastoomuchofafool.2020/10/2819基本用法比较两个事物的同一方面e.g.Thistaskismuchmoredifficultthanlastone.比较同一事物的两个方面(“与其…不如…”)(与其说John脑子灵活，不如说他胆子大)e.g.Johnismoredaringthanquick-witted.Thepresentcrisisismuchmoreapoliticalthananeconomiccrisis.(当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机)用less…than…表示相反的含义2020/10/2820themost+比较范围适用于三个或三个以上事物进行比较

Johnisthebrightestofthethreeboys.比较范围（431）：可以为介词词组也可为关系分句或非限定分句It’stheworstthingI’veeverknown.=Itcan’tbeworse.Georgedidthemostworkthismorning.=Georgedidmoreworkthismorningthananyoneelse.2020/10/2821有些最高级结构并不是与其它事物相比e.g.Pleaseacceptmydeepestgratitude.Ishalldoitwiththegreatestpleasure.2020/10/2822最高级themost的反义可用theleast或原句形容词或副词的反义词的最高级e.g.ThisistheleastdifficultbookI’veeverread.=ThisistheeasiestbookI’veeverread.Hebehavedtheleastpolitelyofthethree.=Hebehavedthemostrudelyofthethree.2020/10/2823比较结构的其它形式（1）AistoBwhatCistoDA对于B就像C对于D一样e.g.Youaretomewhatwateristolife.

Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.

2020/10/2824（2）notso…as…notsomuch…as…（less…than…）e.g.Londonisn’tsolargeasTokyo.=…issmallerthan…Itwasn’tsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.=IlikedhisappearancelessthanIlikedhispersonality.

=IlikedhispersonalitymorethanIlikedhisappearance.2020/10/2825Notsomuch…..as与其……不如（否定前者，肯定后者）与其说成功在于运气，不如说在于辛勤劳动与其说他是个学者，不如说他是个书呆子。Successliesnotsomuchinluckasinhardwork.Heisnotsomuchascholarasapedant2020/10/2826（3）e.g.JohnisnotbetterthanTom.JohnisnobetterthanTom.→TomisbetterthanJohn.→

JohnisasbadasTom.notmorethan

不多于nomorethan

只是，仅仅noricherthan=aspoorasnobiggerthan=assmallas2020/10/2827nomore…than…

与…一样(不)；既不…也不…(=not…anymorethan)morethan

不只是e.g.Awhaleisnomoreafishthanahorseis.IwouldnomorecallyouthanIwouldwritetoyou.=Iwouldnotcallyou,justasIwouldnotwritetoyou.2020/10/2828morethan的几种特殊用法：⑴“morethan+名词”=notonly，可译为“不仅仅”：Butworkismorethanaccomplishmentandprideinbeingabletocommandthejob,…

但是工作不仅仅是成就和能够胜任工作的自豪，……

我的北方之行并非观光而已。Mytriptothenorthismorethansightseeing.

2020/10/2829⑵“morethan+形容词”（常用于口语）=very,可译为“非常”、“十分”。例如：

Theyweremorethangladtohelp.

他们非常乐意帮忙。

听说你成功了，我们非常高兴。Wearemorethanhappytohearofyoursuccess.他对结果十分满意。Heismorethanpleasedwiththeresult.2020/10/2830⑶“morethan+副词/代词”=notlimitedto.可译为“不止”。例如：Hewasdressedmorethansimply.他穿的岂止是朴素，简直是破烂了。（他穿得过于寒酸。）

类似情况不止一次发生。Ithappenedmorethanonce.

2020/10/2831⑷“morethan+数词”=over,可译为“多于”,“大于”：Ittookmorethan100,000mentwentyyearstobuildtheGreatPyramid.十多万人花费了二十年时间才建成了这座大金字塔。

这家公司有100多人是大学生。Morethan100workersinthiscompanyarecollegestudents.2020/10/2832II.LearningPoints注意：less…than也可表示“与其说……，不如说……”的含义。但more…than结构否定的是“后者”，而less…than则否定的是“前者”。试比较：

Shewasmorehurtthanfrightened.

Shewaslesshurtthanfrightened.与其说她吓坏了，不如说她受了伤。与其说她受了伤，不如说她吓坏了。2020/10/2833II.LearningPoints⑺“more+名词+than”一般翻译为“与其说……，不如说……”。例如：Heismoreapoetthanaphilosopher.与其说他是哲学家，不如说他是诗人。⑻“more+介词短语+than”结构常译为“主要是……，而不是……”。例如：Hewasascholarmoreinnamethaninreality.他这个学者当得有名无实。2020/10/2834Hissuccessliesmoreindiligencethaninintelligence.他的成功主要在于勤奋，而不在于聪明。他似乎更关心他的狗，而不是他的孩子。Heseemstocaremoreforhisdogsthanforhischildren.2020/10/2835⑼“more…than…can”结构是英语中一种含蓄的表达方法。从表面看，该结构是肯定形式，实际上表达的是否定意义，可译为“不是……所能的……”或“简直无法”。例如：ThatismorethanIcando.

我力所不能及。布朗先生的钱多得用不完。Mr.Brownhasmoremoneythanhecanspend.他读不了那么多书。Hehasmorebooksthanhecanread.=Hecannotreadsomanybooks.

2020/10/2836II.LearningPoints

⑽“nothingismorethan/nothingmorethan/nothingmore…than”这三种形式是英语中最高级的一种委婉表达法，一般译为“最……莫过于”：

Nothingismorepreciousthantime,yetnothingislessvalued.

最宝贵的莫过于时间，而最不值钱的也是时间。

2020/10/2837II.LearningPoints⑾“nomorethan”结构=only,just，可译为“只不过”或“仅仅”。修饰数量词时，强调“少”：Ihavetakennomorethansixcoursesthissemester.

这学期我只选了六门课程。我只不过是一个普普通通的人。Iamnomorethananordinaryman.这仅仅是个开端。Itisnomorethanabeginning.2020/10/2838II.LearningPoints⒀“notmorethan”结构=atmost,译为“充其量”或“至多”，只说明事实：

Hewrotenotmorethanthreenovels.

他写得小说至多不超过三部。Therearenotmorethantenticketsleft.

剩下的票不超过10张。⒁“notmore…than”结构用于比较时,not只否定前者，可译为“并不比……更”或“不如”：Theneweditionisnotmoreexpensivethantheoldedition.新版本并不比旧版本贵。Heisnotmorefoolishthanyou.

他并不比你傻。2020/10/2839nolessthan=asmuchas“竟有…之多，多达”强调多noless…than

前后均为肯定，“不亚于，和…一样”、“正如、正是”notless