第1 2012年高考英语试卷讲解一

1Listening

（105分II卷（13页，13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在

Directions：InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Ata B.Ataho C.AtaD.AtanA. D.A.DoctorandC.Secretaryand

B.ShopownerandD.Receptionistand

7.A.BothofthemdrinktoomuchB.Thewomandoesn'tlikecoffeeatC.TheyhelpeachotherstopdrinkingD.Themanisuninterestedinthewoman'sA.Hewouldhavethrown$300around.enoughfortheconcert.C.Sandyshouldn'thavegiventhatmuch.madwiththemoney

A.Hedoesn'tmind theHehesitateswhethertohelporHe'llhelpifthewomandoesn'tHecan'thelpmovetheA.Shelivesclosetotheman.atlast.C.Shewillturntohermanager.man'soffer. B.3．

B.Shechangesher

A. nningtofindanewHepreferstokeephishouseinaHe'stoobusytocleanhisHehasalreadycleanedhisnewA.Shedoesn'tagreewiththe1Sheisgoodatfinding cetoShecouldhardlyfindtheShehadnotravelexperienceinBritain.SectionB

A.Employeesgainfull oneanother.C.Employees'childrenarehappy.workingthere.

B. InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.

A.Reward. B.Safety. C.Trust. D.HonestyQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassagepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswers

A.Canadahadasmaller

B.Landwascheaperyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowing

C.TheywantedtocontinuetheRevolution. againstBritain.A.Use 'sC.Makedecisionsfor

B.GiveorderstoD.ActasBigA.TheystandardizedCanadianB.TheysettledthereaftertheC.TheyenjoyaveryhighsocialD.TheymakeupasmallpartoftheA.Itisconsidereduniquetosomeextent.influencedbyFrench.C.ItismainlylinkedtoBritishculture.tothelate17thcentury.Section

B.ItisD.Itdates

answerBlanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform. WriteONEWORDforeachanswer. InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard. Writeyouranswersonyour

Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform. WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.2 randVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

passion,peoplewon'thavethemotivationorthejoynecessaryforcreativethinking.A. C. D.Ishonestythebest ?We thatitiswhenwearewill B. C.areD.willbeAsJacklefthismembershipcardathome,hewasn'tallowedintothesportsclub.A. B.to C. D.Thenewlawstatesthatpeople driveafterdrinkingA. B. C. D.Onlywiththegreatestofluck toescapefromtherisingfloodwaters.managed B.she C.didsheD.shedid—IhearthatJason nningtobuya—Iknow.Bynextmonth,he enoughforausedwillhave B.willbe C.hasD.Whenhetookhisglovesoff,Inoticed

Ihaveatightbudgetforthetrip,soI'mnotgoingtoflytheairlineslowerticketprices.A. B. C. D.WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshastrouble therightthingstosay.thinking B.tothink C.thoughtD.thinkThereismuchtruthintheidea kindnessisusuallyservedbyfrankness.hadhisnamewritten B. C.D.

A.C.

B.D.3Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom receivedgifts?A. B. C. D.Theclub, 25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.

—We'veonlygotthissmallbookcase.Willthat—No, IamlookingforissomethingmuchbiggerandA. B. C. D."Genius"isacomplicatedconcept, manydifferentC.being

D.tobe

A. B. C.to D.—Wasitbycuttingdownstaff _shesavedthe—No,itwasbyimprovingworkA. B. C. D.

Themapisoneofthebesttoolsamanhas hegoestoa C.

D.SectionDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.Filmgoersshouldbetoldhowmanycaloriesthereareinthepopcorn,icecreamandsoftdrinksthattheybuyincinemas,accordingtotheFoodStandardAgency.

Smallerpopcornbucketsanddrinkcupsshouldalsobemade41,thenutritioninspectorsaid.TimSmith,chiefexecutiveoftheagency,toldTheTimescinemasshouldhelptodealwiththecountry'soverweight ."Thereisamisbeliefthatpopcorniscalorie-,butthatnotthecase.Itisa43tous,"hesaid."Portionsizesarealsoabigissue,andthereseemstobeincreasinglybigpacksonsale."HespokeasanumberoffoodchainssuchasPretAManger,WimpeyandTheRealGreek44toputcaloriecountsonalltheirs.Atrialscheme（试行方案）with21foodcompanies lastsummer,and arethatconsumersalteredtheirA.A.B.GI.4habitswhentheyrealisedthenumberofcaloriesinaAconsultation(征询意见)onthetrialendsnextmonthbutMrSmithisalreadynningtheseconddriveforAmerican-stylecaloriecountsandis46towinsupportfromcinemasandotherentertainmentces,fromfootballgroundstoconcerthalls.ernment47suggestthattwothirdsofadultsandathirdofchildrenareoverweight.Iftrendsarenot48 ,thiscouldrisetoalmostnineintenadultsandtwothirdsofchildrenby2050,puttingthemat riskofheartdisease,cancerandotherdiseases.SectionA Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagethereare

wordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.PeopleonacollegecampusweremorelikelytogivemoneytotheMarchofDimesiftheywereaskedforadonationbyadisabledwomaninawheelchairthanifaskedbyanondisabledwoman.Inanother50,subwayridersinNewYorksawamancarryingastickstumble（绊脚）andfalltothefloor.Sometimesthevictimhadalargeredbirthmarkonhis51;sometimeshedidnot.Inthissituation,thevictimwasmorelikelyto 52aidifhisfacewasspotlessthanifhehadanunattractivebirthmark.In53theseandotherresearchfindings,twothemesare54:wearemorewillingtohelppeoplewelikeforsomereasonandpeoplewethink55assistance.Insomesituations,thosewhoarephysicallyattractivearemorelikelytoreceiveaid.56 ,inafieldstudyresearchers cedacompletedapplicationtograduateschoolina ephoneboxattheairport.Theapplicationwasreadytobe 57 ,buthadapparentlybeen"lost".Thephotoattachedtotheapplicationwassometimesthatofavery andsometimesthatofalessattractive .Themeasureofhel waswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.Resultsshowedthatpeopleweremorelikelyto59 theapplicationif inthephotowasphysicallyattractive.Thedegree 60betweenthepotentialhelperandtheinneedisalsoimportant.Forexample,peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthana

foreigner.Inonestudy,shoppersonabusystreetinScotlandweremorelikelytohelpa wearinga(n) 61 wearingaT-shirtprintedwithoffensivewords.Whethera receiveshelpdependsinpartonthe"worth"ofthecase.Forexample,shoppersinasupermarketweremorelikelytogivesomeone.62 tobuymilkratherthantobuys,probablybecausemilkisthoughtmoreessentialfor63 s.PassengersonaNewYorksubwayweremorelikelytohelpamanwhofelltothegroundifheappearedtobe64ratherthandrunk.A.study B.way C.word 5A.

B.B.

C.

58.A.C.A.send

D.hard-B.throw

B. C. B. C. B. C. B.Above C.In D.B. C.

C.fillA.C.A.C.A.C.A.C.

D.turnB.D. D.B.D.B.D.A.C.Section

B.D.

moneyforcharity,whichhedid.Heraised~70,000fortheBritishcharity,Oxfam.White'ssecondreasonformakingthetripwastobreaktheworldrecordandethefastest tocyclearoundtheworld.HeisstillwaitingtofindoutifhehasbrokentherecordDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.PhilWhitehasjustreturnedfroman18,000-,around-the-worldbicycletrip.Whitehadtworeasonsformakingthisepicjourney.Firstofall,hewantedtousethetriptoraise

WhitesetofffromTrafalgarSquare,inLondon,on19thJune2004andwasback299dayslater.Hespentmorethanl,300hoursinthesaddle（车座）anddestroyedfoursetsoftyresandthreebikechains.HehadtheadventureofhislifecrossingEurope,theMiddle ,Asia,Australia,NewZealandandtheAmericas.Amazingly,hedidallofthiswithabsoluynosupportteam.Nojeepcarryingfood,waterandmedicine.Nodoctor.Nothing!Justabikeandavery,verylongroad.6Thejourneywaslonelyanddesperateattimes.Healsohad

WhenPhilWhitereturnedfromhistrip, fighthiswayacrossdeserts,throughjunglesandovermountains.Hecycledthroughheavyrainsandtemperaturesofupto45

A.broketheworldC.destroyedseveral

B.collectedmoneyforD.travelledabout1,300alltohelppeopleinneed.Therewereotherdangersalongthe

Whatdoestheword"epic"inParagraphlmostprobablyInIran,hewaschasedbyarmedrobbersandwasluckytoescapewithhislifeandthelittlemoneyhehad.Theworstthing

A.VeryslowbutC.Verysmoothbut

B.VerylongandD.VerylonelyandhappenedtohimwashavingtocycleintoaheadwindonaroadthatcrossesthesouthofAustralia.For1,000kilometreshebattledagainstthewindthatwasconstantlypushinghim.Thispartofthetripwasslow,hardworkanddepressing,buthemadeitintheend.NowMr.Whiteisbackandintendstowriteabookabouthis

Duringhisjourneyaroundtheworld,PhilWhite foughtheroicallyagainstrobbersinexperiencedtheextremesofheatandmanagedtorideagainstthewindinhadateamofpeoplewhotravelledwithWhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribePhilA. B. C. D.

Thevalue-packed,all-inclusivesight-seeingpackagethatcombinesthebestofSydney'sharbour,city,bayandbeach

ImaginebrowsingatDarlingHarbour,samplingthefamousseafoodatWatsonsBayorenjoyingthecitylightsonaneveningferrycruise.ThepossibilitiesandnsareendlesswithaSydneyPass.Whereveryoudecidetogo,rememberthatbookingsarenotrequiredonanyofourservicessoticketsaretreatedonafirstin,firstseatedbasis.ASydneyPassgivesyouunlimitedandflexibletravelontheExplorerBuses:the'red'SydneyExplorershowsyouaroundourexcitingcitysightswhilethe'blue'BondiExplorervisitsSydneyHarbourbaysandfamousbeaches.Taketothewaterononeofthreemagnificentdailyharbourcruises(游船).YoucanalsotravelonregularSydneyBuses,SydneyFerriesorCityRailservices(limitedarea),soyoucangotoeverycornerofthisbeautiful

SydneyPassesareavailablefor3,50r7daysforuseovera7calendardayperiod.Witha3or5daypassyouchooseonwhichdaysoutofthe7youwanttouseit.AllSydneyPassesincludeaAirportExpressinwardtripbeforestartingyour3,5or7days,andthereturntripisvalid(有效的for2monthsfromthefirstdayyourticketwasused.SydneyPass7*Achildisdefinedasanyonefromtheagesof4yearstounder16years.Childrenunder4yearstravel **Afamilyisdefinedas2adultsandanynumberofchildrenfrom4tounder16yearsofagefromthesamefamily.ASydneyPassdoesn’tofferunlimitedrideson

WithaSydneyPass,atraveller savefaresfromandtothetaketheSydneyExplorertoenjoythefamousseafoodreserveseatseasilyina71.If5-dayticketsweretobemendedtoamotherwhotravelledwithhercolleagueandherchildren,aged3,6and10,whatwouldthelowestcostbe?A. B. C.D.A.theExplorerC.regularSydney

B.theharbourD.CityRail

ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexinwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstress-relateddisorders.Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame"fight-or-flight"reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysical ("fight"),ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation("flight").However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefight-or-flightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled"tendandbefriend."Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsby

protectingandnurturingtheiryoung("tend"),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers-especiallyotherfemalesScientistshavelongknownthatinthefight-or-flightreactiontostress,animportantroleisyedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletend-or-befriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone.Thishormone,calledoxytocin,hasbeenstudiedinthecontextofchildbirth,butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Theprincipalinvestigator,Dr.SeyE.Taylor,exinedthat"animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious."Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌）oxytocin,itseffectsare8reducedbymaleIntermsofeverydaybehavior,theUCLAstudyfoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelythanmentoseeksocialcontactwhentheyarefeelingstressed.Theymayphonerelativesorfriends,oraskdirectionsiftheyarelost.

highbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetend-and-befriendregulatory(调节的)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexinwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthanmen.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostress,menaremorelikelythanwomento.Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressful

A.turntofriendsforC.findanescapefrom

B.solve D.seekcomfortfromdayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,cowithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirThedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexinthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstress-relateddisorderssuchas

WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtotheMenhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomenOxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandBothanimalsandpeoplehavehighlevelsofOxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonWhatcanbelearnedfromtheMalehormoneshelpbuildupthe toInafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherBiologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralresponsestoTheUCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchWhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleoftheHowmenandwomengetoverHowmenandwomensufferfromHowresearchersestressHowresearchershandlestress-related

SectionDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.WhenWhenachildshouldlearntoreadWhyitisfuntoteachchildWhatifachildhasreadingproblemsHowyouprepareayoungchildforreadingWhatisthebestway9teachachildF.Whetherreadingearlypromiseslaterachievements76.Learningtoreadearlyhaseoneofthoseindicators—inparents'mindsatleast–thattheirchildissmart.Infact,readingearlyhasverylittletodowithwhetherachildissuccessfulacademically.Researchhasshownthatdifficultywithreading

manyschoolsbeginteachinginformallyinkindergartenandpre-kindergarten.Ifparentsstarttooearlytoencouragereading,andachilddoesnotimmediaysucceed,theparenthasahardtimerelaxingandlettingthechildgoathisorherownpace.Overtheyears,researchhasprovedthattheuseofboththe“wholelanguage"methodandthe"phonic"methodworksbestoftenduenottoinferiorinligencebuttodifferencesinthedevelopmentalwiringofeachindividualchild.Insomecases,thereareneurologicalproblemsanddevelopmentallagsthatcanbeewithpropertraining.Traditionally,Americanschoolsteachchildrenatagesix,

achildtomasterreading.Whilethewholelanguagewhichincludesreadingtochildrenandgettingtheminterestedinboththeactivityofreadingandthestorytheyarereading,ishelpful,phonicsmustbetaught.Childrenmustbetaughtthatoneofthesquigglestheyseeisa"p"andanothera"b".Gettingtheprintoffthepagerequiresadifferentabilitythanbeingabletounderstandthemeaningofwhatiswritten.Youcanstartdevelo theskillsneededinreadingataveryyoungagewithoutputtinganypressureonchildren.Besidesreadingtothem,parentscanstart"eartraining"theirchildbyyingthymegames.Thisdevelopsthechild'sabilitytorecognizedifferentsounds.Inreadingtochildren,parentsalsocanpointtowordsastheygo,teachingthechildthatthefunnylinesonthearethewordsyouaresaying.Allthisshouldbeafunactivity.Onceachildisinschool,thelearningofreadingismoreserious.Forchildrenwhohavesomekindofreadingdifficulty,youmustgetaprofessionaldiagnosis.Whiletheteachermightsay

thechildismerelydisinterestedbutwillgetoverit,disinterestorpoorperformanceinreadingcanstemfromanumberofthings,somebeingveryspecificlearningdisabilitiesthatcanbeidentifiedandworkedon.Butitisverytrickyforparentstodealwiththeirownchild'slearningdisabilities.SectionDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Whilecontactbetweenadolescents(betweentheagesoffifteenandnineteen)andtheirpeers(同龄人)isauniversalcharacteristicofallcultures,thenatureandthedegreeofsuchcontactvaryagreatdeal.InAmericancontemporarysociety,adolescentsspendmuchmoretimewiththeirpeersthanwithyoungerchildrenorThispatternofagesegregation( )inAmericansocietydidnoteusualuntilthebeginningoftheindustrializedsociety.Chang