【高考英语语法】第一课时-名词课件

第一讲通晓七大词类语法奠基篇（第一课时名词）第一讲通晓七大词类语法奠基篇（第一课时名词）内容索引·高频考点突破·分层综合演练内容索引·高频考点突破·分层综合演练高考考什么名词是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空题型中。名词部分主要考查：①名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)

②名词和冠词的搭配③抽象名词的具体化

④名词的词性变化⑤名词的词义辨析高考考什么名词是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法第一课时

名词语法脉图第一课时名词语1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化高频考点突破名词的数考点1情况方法例词一般情况加－sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加－esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化高频考点突破名词的数考点1情情况方法例词以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为I再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y结尾加－sboys，toys以f或fe结尾

多变f或fe为v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives

少数加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，hiefs

以o结尾

通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos

有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes

情况方法例词以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为I再加－esfamil【名师指津】①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es：“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿”，即Negroes，heroes,potatoes，tomatoes。②以－f或－fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves：“为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半”，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。【名师指津】①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es：“黑人英雄爱吃(2)不规则变化自身变化的名词child孩子→children，man男人→men，tooth牙→teeth,foot脚；英尺→feet，mouse老鼠→mice，phenomenon现象→phenomena，medium传播媒介→media单复数同形名词Chinese中国人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits合成名词son－in－law→sons－in－law，passer－by→passers－by,story－teller→story－tellersEverypossiblemeanshasbeentried，butnonehasworked.每一种可能的方式都已经被尝试了，但是没有起作用的。(2)不规则变化自身变化child孩子→children，m①Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe____________(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)②Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall____________(cause)．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)即时训练1单句语法填空seasonscauses①Later，theylearnedtoworkwi③FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese____________(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.(2018·浙江卷语法填空)④Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadsomeunintendedside____________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑤Shehasturneddownseveral____________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)disheseffectsinvitations③FewpeopleIknowseemtohav2.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词) (1)只用作不可数名词的名词：advice，furniture，fun，information，news，weather，progress，wealth等。 (2)抽象名词具体化：抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为具体的动作、行为或类别等概念。单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物2.不可数名词(物质名词和抽象名词)单词抽象名词意义具体化名单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事

failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情

shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的人或事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义danger危险危险的人或因素1.－'s所有格：①and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－'s或'；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－'s或'。

②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 Tom'sandJim'srooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间 TomandJim'sroom汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间 atthebarber's在理发店

名词所有格考点21.－'s所有格：①and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时2.of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 thecontentofthenovel小说的内容 thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字3.双重所有格：“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。 aplayofShakespeare's莎士比亚的一个戏剧 aphotoofmine我的一张照片2.of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关①Canyou_________________________(给我一些建议)onhowtodriveacar?②WecangotothelibraryorsurftheInternetfor_____________________________________(各种各样的信息)．③__________________________(房子的窗户)werebrokenduringthebigstorm.即时训练2补全句子givemesomeadvicevarious/allkindsofThewindowsofthehouseinformation①Canyou_____________________1.动词转化为名词的后缀动词、形容词与名词之间的词形转换考点3后缀例词－ion/－tion/－sion/ationcorrect→correction改正

celebrate→celebration庆祝(活动)attract→attraction吸引；有吸引力的人或事物conclude→conclusion结论；结束

discuss→discussion讨论；论述

decide→decision决定

admit→admission承认；准许加入permit→permission允许，许可

invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释

graduate→graduation毕业expect→expectation期望1.动词转化为名词的后缀动词、形容词与名词之间的词形转换考点后缀例词－er/－orsail→sailor海员，水手drive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥；售票员后缀例词－er/sail→sailor海员，水手后缀例词－mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备govern→government政府astonish→astonishment惊奇后缀例词－mentpunish→punishment惩罚后缀例词

－ance/－enceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；表现exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考，查阅－ure/turefail→failure失败；倒闭press→pressure压力depart→departure离开；出发mix→mixture混合(物)后缀例词

appear→appearance出现；外貌－ur后缀例词－inghear→hearing听力，听觉begin→beginning开始build→building建筑－yrecover→recovery恢复，痊愈discover→discovery发现scare→scarey害怕其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势后缀例词－inghear→hearing听力，听觉－yrec2.形容词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词－ageshort→shortage－cyefficient→efficiency效率fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私－domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智；智慧2.形容词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词－ageshort→sho后缀例词－encedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默evident→evidence证据－nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈，友好careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力气；优势warm→warmth温暖；热情后缀例词－encedifferent→difference差后缀例词－y/－ty/－itysafe→safety安全disable→disability缺陷；伤残responsible→responsibility责任honest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难后缀例词－y/－ty/－itysafe→safety安全①Historical____________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②Filledwith____________(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)③ChineseNewYearisa____________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)即时训练3单句语法填空accuracycuriositycelebration①Historical____________(accu④Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting__________(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)⑤Wabastressedthatasan____________(educate)itisrighttogoaboveandbeyondfortheirstudentsinthistoughtime.(2020·山东省潍坊市高三二模)competitioneducator④WhentheywerefreefromworkⅠ.单句语法填空1.Itwas____________greatpleasureforthefamilytomovetoahousewithaverybiggarden.2.Anew____________(collect)ofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.3.Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstandyou'llfeelarealsenseof____________(achieve)．分层综合演练acollectionachievementⅠ.单句语法填空1.Itwas____________4.Recent____________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.5.IhadtodeclineJack's____________(invite)tohisbirthdaypartybecauseitconflictedwithanimportantconference.6.GoingtoCambridgeUniversityisadreamofmine，foritisoneofthetop____________(university)intheworld.7.Some________________________(organize)havebegunworkinghardtosavethem.(2021·南宁市高三毕业班适应性测试)studiesinvitationuniversitiesorganizations/organisations4.Recent____________(study)s8.Readingabookcanopenthedoortoawonderfulnewworldofmagicand____________(discover)，whichiswhypeopleallaroundtheworldlovetoread.(2021·深圳市高三第一次调研)9.Theywere____________(tour)fromtheinlandofthecountry，andhadneverseenanAmericanbefore.(2021·许昌市高三第三次质量检测)10.AlthoughIhavesaid“Thankyou”tothemseveraltimes，Istillthinkitisnotenoughtoexpressmydeep____________(appreciate)．(2021·皖南八校高三第三次联考)discoverytouristsappreciation8.ReadingabookcanopentheⅡ.语法填空Ahighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus，“Ifyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool，youwillbemostlucky.1.____________truefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.”【语篇解读】本文主要讲如何加深友谊(howtodeepenfriendships)。1．A

[由语境可知，此处指类别，泛指“一个”真正的朋友，故填不定冠词a，另在句首要大写。]Ⅱ.语法填空AhighschoolhistoryteExperienceshowedthathewasright.Good2.____________(friend)arejustnoteasilyformed.Tomostofus，friendshipsarethoughtveryimportant，butweneedtohavethekindsoffriendshipswewant.Aretheytobecloseorkeptatarm's3.__________(long)?2．friendships

[在句中作主语，用名词形式；根据谓语动词areformed可知，主语应为复数形式，故填friendships。]3．length

[在名词所有格后，要用名词形式。keepsbatarm’slength意为“不使自己太靠近某人；与某人保持距离”。]ExperienceshowedthathewasDowewanttoshareourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople，manyfriendshipsonthesurfacearequiteenoughandthat'sallright.Butatsomepointweneedtomakesurethatourexpectationsarethesameasour4.____________(friend)expectations.Thesharingof5.____________(person)experienceisthesurestway6.____________(deepen)friendships.Butitmustbeundertakenslowlyandcarriedononlyiftherearesignsofinterestandactioninreturn.4．friends’

[根据语境，应当指“我们的朋友的”，故填friends’。]5．personal

[在名词前作定语，用形容词形式。]6．todeepen

[在way后用不定式作定语。]DowewanttoshareourselvesWhataresomeofthe7.____________(difficult)informingfriendships?Thegreatestistoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationshipstaketime.Anothermaindifficultyisthe8.____________(selfish)tothinkone“owns”theother，includinghistimeandattention.Similarly，friendshipsneedactionsinreturn.Inotherwords，youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareofeachother.7．difficulties

[此处用difficulties指具体困难。]8．selfishness

[在冠词后要用名词。]Whataresomeofthe7._______9.____________youspendreasonabletimetogether，talkingonthephone，writing10.____________(letter)ordoingthingstog