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SEIBOFGDUFS1国际贸易实务（英文版）周瑞琪王小鸥徐月芳编著对外经济贸易大学出版社SEIBOFGDUFS1国际贸易实务（英文版）SEIBOFGDUFS1国际贸易实务（英文版）SEIBINTERNATIONALTRADE
PRACTICEByZhouRuiqiWangXiaoouXuyuefangofSchoolofEnglishforInternationalBusiness
GuangdongUniversityofForeignStudiesINTERNATIONALTRADE
PRACTICEBINTERNATIONALTRADE
PRACTICEBChapterOneGeneralIntroductionChapterOneGeneralIntroductioChapterOneGeneralIntroductioSEIBOFGDUFS4LearningObjectivesAfterlearningthischapter,youshouldbeabletodefinewhatismeantbyinternationaltradeexplainthereasonsforengagingininternationaltradeidentifythebenefitsofinternationaltradetellthedifferencesbetweendomesticandinternationaltradeunderstandthemajorprocedureinvolvedininternationaltraderealizetheimportanceofcontractSEIBOFGDUFS4LearningObjectiSEIBOFGDUFS4LearningObjectiSEIBOFGDUFS5ConceptofinternationaltradeInternationaltrade/worldtrade/foreigntrade/overseastradeThefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Concerningtradeoperationsofbothimportandexport
Includingthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.SEIBOFGDUFS5ConceptofinterSEIBOFGDUFS5ConceptofinterSEIBOFGDUFS61.1ReasonsforinternationaltradeResourcereasonsNaturalresourcesHumanresourcesTechnologyEconomicreasonsBenefitsComparativeadvantage(DavidRicardo)EconomiesofscaleOtherreasonsPoliticalreasonsDifferenttasteandpreferenceSEIBOFGDUFS61.1ReasonsforSEIBOFGDUFS61.1ReasonsforSEIBOFGDUFS71.2DifferencesfromdomestictradeInternationaltradeinvolvesforeignlanguagesanddifferentculturesforeignlaws,customsandregulationsorinternationalrulesforeigncurrencieshigherrisks:Politicalrisks,Commercialrisks,Financialrisks,andTransportationrisksmorecomplexbusinessproceduresbroaderrangeofmanagementskillsSEIBOFGDUFS71.2DifferencesSEIBOFGDUFS71.2DifferencesSEIBOFGDUFS81.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthedirectionofcargoflowExporttrade domesticmarket→internationalmarketforsaleImporttrade foreigncountries→domesticmarketforsaleTransittrade producingcountries→viaathirdcountry→consumingcountrySEIBOFGDUFS81.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS81.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS91.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeTypesoftransittradeDirecttransittradeCommoditiesfurthertransportedtowardoutsidealongthedomestictransportationlinewithoutbeingplacedinthebondedwarehouse3rdcountryearnsprofitbyimposingimp.andexp.dutiesIndirecttransittradeCommoditiesfirstplacedinthebondedwarehousebeforebeingtransportedfurtherwithoutanyprocessing3rdcountryearnswarehousingcharges+imp.andexp.dutiesSEIBOFGDUFS91.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS91.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS101.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthenumberofparticipantsinvolvedDirecttradeTwopartiesinvolved:theimporterandtheexporterIndirecttradeThreepartiesinvolved:theexporter,theimporterandtheintermediatepartyEntrepôttradeOnepartyinvolved:whoistheimporter,theprocessorandalsotheexporterSEIBOFGDUFS101.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS101.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS111.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromtheformofthegoodsVisibletrade/tangiblegoodstradeMostlyconsuminggoods:cars,wines,shoesetc.NeedscustomsdeclarationInvisibletrade/intangiblegoodstradeservicesandtechnologyNeedsnocustomsdeclarationSEIBOFGDUFS111.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS111.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS121.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromsettlementinstrumentinvolvedBartertradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithoutaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyTheoldestfromoftradeFree-liquidationtradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyCashtradeisoneformofitSEIBOFGDUFS121.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS121.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS131.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFrommodeoftransportationTradebyRoadwayTradebySeawayTradebyAirwayTradebyMailOrderSEIBOFGDUFS131.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS131.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS141.4ExportandimportproceduresThepreparationofatransactionThenegotiationofthecontractTheperformanceofthecontractThesettlementofdisputesSEIBOFGDUFS141.4ExportandSEIBOFGDUFS141.4ExportandSEIBOFGDUFS151.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionSelectingtherightmarketRelevantinformationofthemarketCulturalbackgroundandeconomicsituationsPoliticalclimateCurrentimportandexportstatisticsGovernmentpolicyoninternationaltradesuchastradebarriersandrestrictionsSourcesofinformationDomesticorganizations:MinistryofCommerceanditsprovincialcommitteesOverseasorganizations:ChineseEmbassy,theLocalbanks,theagentandthelocalnewspaper/journalarticlesSEIBOFGDUFS151.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS151.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS161.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionFindingthepotentialpartnerSourcesofinformationReferenceprovidedbytheforeignpartnersThenearestconsulateofficeInternationalorlocalchamberofcommerceConsultingfirmsForeignexchangebanksTradedirectoriesandpublicationsSEIBOFGDUFS161.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS161.4.1Theprepa17可编辑17可编辑17可编辑17可编辑SEIBOFGDUFS181.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionStudyingcreditabilityofthepartnerCreditreferencefromthelocalbankorcorrespondentbankbusinessrangeandannualsalesvolumesalesliteratureandpricelistsmajorcustomersbusinesscultureSEIBOFGDUFS181.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS181.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS191.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionApplyingforExportorImportLicenseCheckingwhetherthegoodstobetransactedarewithincertainexportorimportcontrolssuchaslicenseorquotaIfunabletoapplyorgettheimportandexportlicensesTheexporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderEXWtermTheimporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderDDPtermSEIBOFGDUFS191.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS191.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS201.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractTwoformsofbusinessnegotiation
inwords,i.e.face-to-facenegotiationinwriting,i.e.businesscorrespondenceFourmainstepsinvolved:Enquiry:askingforpricebyeithersellerorbuyerOffer:ananswertoenquiryorinitiatedbyeithersellerorbuyerbindingforceupontheoffererwithinthevaliditycounter-offer:addition,modificationorrefusaloftheofferAcceptance:theunconditionalacceptanceoftheofferAcontractisconcludedwhenanacceptancebecomeseffectiveSEIBOFGDUFS201.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS201.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS211.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractDefinition:Atradecontractisanagreementwhichisconcludedbetweensellerandbuyerbasedonanacceptedofferandwhichsetsforthbidingobligationsofthepartiesconcerned.Governingrule:theUnitedNationsConventiononContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods1980(CISG1980)Acontractcanbeformal,informal,simpleorcomplicated,writtenororal.SEIBOFGDUFS211.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS211.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS221.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractAsalescontractnormallyincludes:(seeSpecimen1.1-1.2)fullname,addressandothernecessaryinformationofthesellerandthebuyerdescriptionofthecommodityinvolved,includingname,quality,quantityandpackagingetc.alltermsagreedupon,includingprice,delivery,transportation,insurance,payment,inspection,claims,forcemajeure,arbitration,etc.dateonandplaceatwhichthecontractissignedandthesignatureofthebuyerandthesellerSEIBOFGDUFS221.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS221.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS231.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractContractvs.confirmation
AcontractismoreformalandcontainsmoredetailsthanaconfirmationButequallybindingonthepartiesconcernedImportanceofawrittencontractItistheonlydocumentbetweenSellerandBuyerthatevidencestheirrespectiverightsandobligations.Itservesasthebasisfortheperformanceofthecontractandalsothesettlementofdisputes.SEIBOFGDUFS231.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS231.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS241.4.3TheperformanceofthecontractExportprocedure(businessunderCIFonL/C)ExaminingL/CUrgingandexpeditingtheopeningofL/CExaminingL/CwithreferencetothesalescontractGettinggoodsreadypreparinggoodsaccordingtothename,quality,quantity,packingandmakingrequiredinthecontractApplyingformandatoryinspectionForgoodsrequiredinspectionbythegovernmentsorinthecontractDocumentsSubmitted:commercialinvoice,copyofsalescontract,L/C,etc.SEIBOFGDUFS241.4.3TheperfoSEIBOFGDUFS241.4.3TheperfoSEIBOFGDUFS25ExportprocedureReceivingimporter’sinspectionbeforeshipmentBookingshippingspaceafterreceivingL/CandgettinggoodsreadyClearinggoodsforexportAfterthegoodsareinspectedandbeforethegoodsareloadedDocumentssubmittedforexportcustomsclearance:commercialinvoice,exportlicense,copyofsalescontract,inspectioncertificates,shippingorder,etc.SEIBOFGDUFS25ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS25ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS26ExportprocedureGettinggoodsloadedDeliveringgoodstocarrierforloadingafterthegoodsareclearedforexportReceivingB/LfromthecarrieraftershipmentObtaininginsuranceUnderCIF,insuranceisamustforsellerMinimumcoverageSEIBOFGDUFS26ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS26ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS27ExportprocedurePresentingdocumentsforbanknegotiationDocumentsrequiredfornegotiationcommercialinvoice,packinglist,billingoflading,insurancepolicy,inspectioncertificates,etc.Otherdocumentsrequiredforissuingimportlicenseortocalculatingimportcustomsduty:theCertificateofOrigin,theConsularInvoice,etc.IfdocumentsareinstrictlinewithL/C,theexporterwillreceivepaymentsfromthebankSEIBOFGDUFS27ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS27ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS281.4ExportProceduresSEIBOFGDUFS281.4ExportProcSEIBOFGDUFS281.4ExportProcSEIBOFGDUFS291.4.3TheperformanceofthecontractImportprocedure(businessunderFOBonL/C)OpeningL/CApplyingintimeAmendingL/CinthecaseofdiscrepanciesBookingshippingspaceAfterbookingshippingspace,thebuyershouldnotifytheexportersufficiently:thenameofthevessel,theloadingpoint,thedeliverytimeInspectingandsupervisingattheportofshipmentObtaininginsuranceUnderFOB,insuranceisnotanobligationbutausualpracticeSEIBOFGDUFS291.4.3TheperfoSEIBOFGDUFS291.4.3TheperfoSEIBOFGDUFS30ImportprocedureExaminingdocumentsandmakingpaymentCarefulexaminationbeforemakingpaymentReceivingshippingdocument(B/L)afterpaymentClearingthegoodsforimportNecessarydocumentsforimportcustomsclearance:commercialinvoice,inspectioncertificateetc.TakingdeliveryandinspectingAfterarrivalofthegoods,theimportercantakeitfromthecarrierwithB/LTheimportershouldinspectthegoodscarefullyIfthereareanyinconformity,theimportercanlodgeclaimsagainstrelevantpartiesforcompensationSEIBOFGDUFS30ImportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS30ImportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS311.4.4ThesettlementofdisputesInthecaseofcomplaintsordisputes,thepartysufferinglosswilllodgeaclaimagainsttherelevantparties:theotherpartyofthesalescontract,thecarrierortheinsurancecompanyFourwaystosettledisputesNegotiationMediationArbitrationLitigationSEIBOFGDUFS311.4.4ThesettlSEIBOFGDUFS311.4.4Thesettl32可编辑32可编辑32可编辑32可编辑SEIBOFGDUFS33国际贸易实务（英文版）周瑞琪王小鸥徐月芳编著对外经济贸易大学出版社SEIBOFGDUFS1国际贸易实务（英文版）SEIBOFGDUFS33国际贸易实务（英文版）SEIBINTERNATIONALTRADE
PRACTICEByZhouRuiqiWangXiaoouXuyuefangofSchoolofEnglishforInternationalBusiness
GuangdongUniversityofForeignStudiesINTERNATIONALTRADE
PRACTICEBINTERNATIONALTRADE
PRACTICEBChapterOneGeneralIntroductionChapterOneGeneralIntroductioChapterOneGeneralIntroductioSEIBOFGDUFS36LearningObjectivesAfterlearningthischapter,youshouldbeabletodefinewhatismeantbyinternationaltradeexplainthereasonsforengagingininternationaltradeidentifythebenefitsofinternationaltradetellthedifferencesbetweendomesticandinternationaltradeunderstandthemajorprocedureinvolvedininternationaltraderealizetheimportanceofcontractSEIBOFGDUFS4LearningObjectiSEIBOFGDUFS36LearningObjectSEIBOFGDUFS37ConceptofinternationaltradeInternationaltrade/worldtrade/foreigntrade/overseastradeThefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Concerningtradeoperationsofbothimportandexport
Includingthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.SEIBOFGDUFS5ConceptofinterSEIBOFGDUFS37ConceptofinteSEIBOFGDUFS381.1ReasonsforinternationaltradeResourcereasonsNaturalresourcesHumanresourcesTechnologyEconomicreasonsBenefitsComparativeadvantage(DavidRicardo)EconomiesofscaleOtherreasonsPoliticalreasonsDifferenttasteandpreferenceSEIBOFGDUFS61.1ReasonsforSEIBOFGDUFS381.1ReasonsforSEIBOFGDUFS391.2DifferencesfromdomestictradeInternationaltradeinvolvesforeignlanguagesanddifferentculturesforeignlaws,customsandregulationsorinternationalrulesforeigncurrencieshigherrisks:Politicalrisks,Commercialrisks,Financialrisks,andTransportationrisksmorecomplexbusinessproceduresbroaderrangeofmanagementskillsSEIBOFGDUFS71.2DifferencesSEIBOFGDUFS391.2DifferencesSEIBOFGDUFS401.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthedirectionofcargoflowExporttrade domesticmarket→internationalmarketforsaleImporttrade foreigncountries→domesticmarketforsaleTransittrade producingcountries→viaathirdcountry→consumingcountrySEIBOFGDUFS81.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS401.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS411.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeTypesoftransittradeDirecttransittradeCommoditiesfurthertransportedtowardoutsidealongthedomestictransportationlinewithoutbeingplacedinthebondedwarehouse3rdcountryearnsprofitbyimposingimp.andexp.dutiesIndirecttransittradeCommoditiesfirstplacedinthebondedwarehousebeforebeingtransportedfurtherwithoutanyprocessing3rdcountryearnswarehousingcharges+imp.andexp.dutiesSEIBOFGDUFS91.3ClassificatiSEIBOFGDUFS411.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS421.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromthenumberofparticipantsinvolvedDirecttradeTwopartiesinvolved:theimporterandtheexporterIndirecttradeThreepartiesinvolved:theexporter,theimporterandtheintermediatepartyEntrepôttradeOnepartyinvolved:whoistheimporter,theprocessorandalsotheexporterSEIBOFGDUFS101.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS421.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS431.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromtheformofthegoodsVisibletrade/tangiblegoodstradeMostlyconsuminggoods:cars,wines,shoesetc.NeedscustomsdeclarationInvisibletrade/intangiblegoodstradeservicesandtechnologyNeedsnocustomsdeclarationSEIBOFGDUFS111.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS431.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS441.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFromsettlementinstrumentinvolvedBartertradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithoutaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyTheoldestfromoftradeFree-liquidationtradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyCashtradeisoneformofitSEIBOFGDUFS121.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS441.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS451.3ClassificationofinternationaltradeFrommodeoftransportationTradebyRoadwayTradebySeawayTradebyAirwayTradebyMailOrderSEIBOFGDUFS131.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS451.3ClassificatSEIBOFGDUFS461.4ExportandimportproceduresThepreparationofatransactionThenegotiationofthecontractTheperformanceofthecontractThesettlementofdisputesSEIBOFGDUFS141.4ExportandSEIBOFGDUFS461.4ExportandSEIBOFGDUFS471.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionSelectingtherightmarketRelevantinformationofthemarketCulturalbackgroundandeconomicsituationsPoliticalclimateCurrentimportandexportstatisticsGovernmentpolicyoninternationaltradesuchastradebarriersandrestrictionsSourcesofinformationDomesticorganizations:MinistryofCommerceanditsprovincialcommitteesOverseasorganizations:ChineseEmbassy,theLocalbanks,theagentandthelocalnewspaper/journalarticlesSEIBOFGDUFS151.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS471.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS481.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionFindingthepotentialpartnerSourcesofinformationReferenceprovidedbytheforeignpartnersThenearestconsulateofficeInternationalorlocalchamberofcommerceConsultingfirmsForeignexchangebanksTradedirectoriesandpublicationsSEIBOFGDUFS161.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS481.4.1Theprepa49可编辑17可编辑49可编辑17可编辑SEIBOFGDUFS501.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionStudyingcreditabilityofthepartnerCreditreferencefromthelocalbankorcorrespondentbankbusinessrangeandannualsalesvolumesalesliteratureandpricelistsmajorcustomersbusinesscultureSEIBOFGDUFS181.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS501.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS511.4.1ThepreparationofatransactionApplyingforExportorImportLicenseCheckingwhetherthegoodstobetransactedarewithincertainexportorimportcontrolssuchaslicenseorquotaIfunabletoapplyorgettheimportandexportlicensesTheexporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderEXWtermTheimporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderDDPtermSEIBOFGDUFS191.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS511.4.1TheprepaSEIBOFGDUFS521.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractTwoformsofbusinessnegotiation
inwords,i.e.face-to-facenegotiationinwriting,i.e.businesscorrespondenceFourmainstepsinvolved:Enquiry:askingforpricebyeithersellerorbuyerOffer:ananswertoenquiryorinitiatedbyeithersellerorbuyerbindingforceupontheoffererwithinthevaliditycounter-offer:addition,modificationorrefusaloftheofferAcceptance:theunconditionalacceptanceoftheofferAcontractisconcludedwhenanacceptancebecomeseffectiveSEIBOFGDUFS201.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS521.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS531.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractDefinition:Atradecontractisanagreementwhichisconcludedbetweensellerandbuyerbasedonanacceptedofferandwhichsetsforthbidingobligationsofthepartiesconcerned.Governingrule:theUnitedNationsConventiononContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods1980(CISG1980)Acontractcanbeformal,informal,simpleorcomplicated,writtenororal.SEIBOFGDUFS211.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS531.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS541.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractAsalescontractnormallyincludes:(seeSpecimen1.1-1.2)fullname,addressandothernecessaryinformationofthesellerandthebuyerdescriptionofthecommodityinvolved,includingname,quality,quantityandpackagingetc.alltermsagreedupon,includingprice,delivery,transportation,insurance,payment,inspection,claims,forcemajeure,arbitration,etc.dateonandplaceatwhichthecontractissignedandthesignatureofthebuyerandthesellerSEIBOFGDUFS221.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS541.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS551.4.2ThenegotiationofasalescontractContractvs.confirmation
AcontractismoreformalandcontainsmoredetailsthanaconfirmationButequallybindingonthepartiesconcernedImportanceofawrittencontractItistheonlydocumentbetweenSellerandBuyerthatevidencestheirrespectiverightsandobligations.Itservesasthebasisfortheperformanceofthecontractandalsothesettlementofdisputes.SEIBOFGDUFS231.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS551.4.2ThenegotSEIBOFGDUFS561.4.3TheperformanceofthecontractExportprocedure(businessunderCIFonL/C)ExaminingL/CUrgingandexpeditingtheopeningofL/CExaminingL/CwithreferencetothesalescontractGettinggoodsreadypreparinggoodsaccordingtothename,quality,quantity,packingandmakingrequiredinthecontractApplyingformandatoryinspectionForgoodsrequiredinspectionbythegovernmentsorinthecontractDocumentsSubmitted:commercialinvoice,copyofsalescontract,L/C,etc.SEIBOFGDUFS241.4.3TheperfoSEIBOFGDUFS561.4.3TheperfoSEIBOFGDUFS57ExportprocedureReceivingimporter’sinspectionbeforeshipmentBookingshippingspaceafterreceivingL/CandgettinggoodsreadyClearinggoodsforexportAfterthegoodsareinspectedandbeforethegoodsareloadedDocumentssubmittedforexportcustomsclearance:commercialinvoice,exportlicense,copyofsalescontract,inspectioncertificates,shippingorder,etc.SEIBOFGDUFS25ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS57ExportprocedurSEIBOFGDUFS58ExportprocedureGettinggoodsloadedDeliveringgoodstocarrierforlo
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