阅读还原技巧点拨

阅读还原技巧点拨一、题型特点在近两年各省中考试题阅读理解中，出现了这样一种题型—阅读还原。阅读还原类题目常见的形式：在一段200-300词的短文中留出四、五个空白，要求考生从所给的五个或六个选项中选出正确答案，补全短文，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯。这类题目中空白处需填的选项常常是表示过渡、总结或转折性的句子，段首段尾一般不留空，并且做错一题很可能导致全盘皆输。二、考核内容纵观各选项与文中空白，此题型主要考查：1、细节与细节的关系：一般空白出现在文章中间，主要考文中句子与句子之间的关系。2、主题与细节的关系：答案线索一般就在挖空的那一段中寻找。3、大主题与小主题的关系：一般需要通读全文寻找答案，首先必须明确文章大意。三、技巧点拨解答阅读还原题的关键在于理解文章大意，理清逻辑关系，研究选项内容。即“读懂文章、读懂逻辑、读懂选项”。1、读懂文章。如果是记叙文，在通读全文后应了解故事的主人公、主要情节以及故事的发展过程；如果是说明文，就要弄清楚文章的说明对象、说明顺序；议论文则要明确作者的论点及如何论证论点。2、读懂逻辑。明确文章的大体内容后，首先要理清文章的逻辑关系。例如：记叙文通常以时间的发展为线索，说明文往往以“总—分—总”或“并列式”的结构来说明问题，而议论文常以“总—分”或“分—总”的形式出现。作者把某句放在它所在的位置一定是有道理的，通常是不能随意更改的；其次要弄清各段之间是如何过渡、如何照应的，又是如何形成一个有机整体的。文章中的起始句、过渡句、结尾句以及各段的主旨句尤为重要，它们即“路标句”。找到了路标，题目做起来就会简单很多。3、读懂选项。有的同学会困惑，看似凌乱的选项该如何读懂？其实快速解决这类题目的秘诀就在于读懂选项。选项中通常会出现两种句子，一种是支撑文章的细节句，一种是概括文章的主题句。细节句使文章更加丰富，使故事情节更流畅；主题句让读者快速了解主旨，辅助读者阅读，通常与文章的细节无直接联系。因此，在浏览完选项后，考生应该在心中大致分类，哪一句是细节句，哪一句是主题句。这样，对它们的大致位置也可以做到心中有数了。做好分类工作后，我们要细读选项，找出各句的关键词（常常是表示指代性的词），然后确定它们在文中的指代。这些关键词将成为路标，与上下文一一对应。如：（2012广西桂林）EarthHourstartedinSydneyonMarch31,2007.Itcallsonfamiliesandbuildingstoturnoffthelightsfrom20:30to21:30onthelastSaturdaynightofMarch.66Ayearlater,onMarch29,EarthHour2008becameaglobalactivityandwassupportedby50millionpeoplefromthirty-fivecountries.OnMarch28,2010over2100citiesinanothereightcountriestookpartinit.67In2012inChina,thereweremanycitiestakingpartinthisactivity,especiallysomelargecities,suchasBeijing,Shanghai...Manycitizensconsciously（有意识地）turnedofflightsinthehour.68Incollegessomestudentsheldsomeactivitiestomakeallthestudentsleavetheirdormitories.Inwas20:30,Beijingtime.69InShanghaisomepeopleweretakingawalkwiththeirfamiliesorfriends.AndinNingbosomeyoungpeoplewereholdingapartyinapark,singinganddancing.70EarthHourhasavarietyofactivities,butthefinalgoalisthesame,thatisfocusingon（聚焦）climatechangeandprotectingtheenvironmentforindividuals.请根据以上内容，从下列五个选项中选择适当的句子还原到短文中，使短文完整与正确。将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。（每小题2分，共10分）Thepeoplefromthethreecitiesfeltveryrelaxed.In2007morethan2.2millionhomesandbusinessesturnedofftheirlights.Andwithoutlights,theycouldalsoenjoythemselves.SomepeopleinBeijingwerehavinganicetalkwiththeirfriends.EarthHourcametoChinaonthatday,too.【解析】1、读懂文章。本文是一篇说明文，简单介绍了“地球一小时”的诞生及发展，重点提到中国的一些大城市，如北京、上海、宁波等，对此活动作出的积极响应。2、读懂逻辑。了解文章大意后，纵观全文可知，本文是按照“总—分—总”的结构来说明“地球一小时”这个活动的。第一段综述“地球一小时”这一活动的诞生以及随后的发展。从时间顺序上可知，66空应该选B；67空应该选E,作为一个过渡句，它起到承上启下的作用；第二、三段分述中国各地参与此活动的情况以及在熄灯后采取的各种休闲方式，故可推知68空需填C,因为上文提到熄灯这一举措；69空选D,上文提到北京，接下来就讲到北京熄灯后人们的活动，联系下文上海熄灯后人们的活动也可判断出答案；70空选A,作为对此段的总结。3、读懂选项。先看5个空的位置，67和70两个空在段末，66、68、69三个空在段落中间。认真阅读5个选项后，发现A句为概括性的主题句，E为承上启下的过渡句，而B、C、D三个句子是细节句，是对文章内容的说明和补充。[答案：B—E—C—D—A]如：（2012吉林）ImetRose,mynewclassmateonthefirstdayofcollege.Tomysurprise,shewasalready87yearsold.‘‘Whyareyouincollegeatsuchayoungage?”Ijoked.‘‘I'mheretomeetarichman,getmarried,havetwochildren,andthenretireandtravel,”sheanswered.（81）Likeyoungstudents,Rosewasoutgoing,kindandhelpful.（82）Soon,shebecameasuperstarinourcollege.Attheendoftheterm,Rosewasinvitedtogiveusaspeech.Iwillneverforgetwhatshesaidtous,‘‘Thereareonlyfoursecretstostayingyoungandachievingsuccess.”‘‘First,youhavetolaughandfindhumor（幽默感）everyday.Then,youneedtohaveadream.（83）Next,findanychancetochangeyourself.Finally,peopleshouldn'thaveregrets（遗憾）forthingstheydidn'tdo.”(84)Over2,000studentswenttoherfuneral(葬礼)toexpresstheirlovetothewonderfulwoman.Thegreatwomandidn'tliveinthisworldanylonger,butshegaveusanunforgettablelessoninlife.Thatis-(85)Don'tyouthinkso?从方框内选择适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，结构完整。Whenyouloseyourdream,youdie.Shealwayshadfriendsaroundher.Nevertoooldtolearn.Oneweekaftershefinishedhercollege,shediedinhersleeppeacefully.Bothofuslaughed,becauseweknewwhatshesaidwasn'ttrue.【解析】第一步：通读全文，了解故事的情节及发展。本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我的大学新同学87岁的老太太Rose，乐观、善良、幽默的性格让她很受同学们欢迎。她的演讲告诉大家保持年轻，获取成功的四大秘诀：笑对每一天；拥有梦想；改变自己；不留遗憾。她给我们留下了宝贵的精神财富：活到老学到老。第二步：读选项，将选项分类，先易后难。主题句：C选项。细节句：A、B、D、E选项。分类后，很容易确定C项是放在第85空。它总结全文，是对主人公的生活理念的诠释，也是这篇文章的升华总结。第三步：找出各句关键词，对应原文确定选项。Whenyouloseyourdream,youdie.Shealwayshadfriendsaroundher.Oneweekaftershefinishedhercollege,shediedinhersleeppeacefully.Bothofuslaughed,becauseweknewwhatshesaidwasn'ttrue.划出关键词后，再把它们放到文章中看一看，对应上下文，很容易就能找到答案，因为文章有明显提示：81题，由老太太的话，87岁要结婚生孩子可以判断选E。82题，根据本段第一句的outgoing,kind,helpful和下句的superstar可知她有很多朋友，故选B。83题，由上句youneedhaveadream可推出此项选A。84题，根据下句的葬礼一词很容易推断出老人过世，故选Do第四步:复读文章，仔细检查。完成后将选项全部放入文章的空白处，再次检查逻辑性与连贯f生确认无误。【答案：E—B—A—D—C】阅读还原模拟训练Passage1Doyouhavetheproblemof“inoneearandouttheother”?Can'tholdanythinginyourmemory?Herearesometipsonhowtodealwiththeproblem.Takeexercise.Whenyouexercise,yourbodytakesinmoreoxygen（氧气）..Oxygenmakesyourbrainactive.___1______2___Tellyourselfthatyouwanttolearnwhatyouneedtoremember.Ifyoukeepthinkingabouthowbadyourmemoryis,yourbrainwillnotbeactive.Thinkpositive!Trytobemorerelaxed.___3___Ifyouwantyourmemorytoimprove,trytobemorecheerful.Goodsleepinghabitsareimportant.___4___Ifyoudon'thaveenoughsleep,youwillbetiredandunabletoconcentrateduringtheday.___5___Trytotakemorevitamins（维生素）,likeBvitamins,especiallyB6,B12,andfolicacid（叶酸）.Theyprotectneurons（神经细胞）andmakeredbloodcells（细胞）withoxygen.Thesenutrientsareinspinach（菠菜）andotherdarkleafygreens,broccoli,strawberries,melons,blackbeansandsoybeans（大豆）.Sleephelpsyourmemory.Somefoodscanalsohelp.Beactiveandhaveapositiveattitude.Itmakesbrainchemicalsmoreactiveandhelpsprotectbraincells.Scientistshavefoundthatstressmakesitdifficultforpeopletoconcentrate.Passage2Itisoftensaidthatlearninganewlanguagecanopenupanotherworld.___1___Englishisthemostwidelyspokenforeignlanguageintheworld.___2___ArecentsurveyfoundthatBritonsaretheworstlanguagelearnersinEurope.Itfoundthatjustone-thirdofthoseaskedwereabletospeakasecondlanguage.___3___Childrenspendanhouraweeklearningthelanguage.SomeschoolsgoonadaytriptoFrancetopracticespeaking.Whenchildrenreachhighschool,theycontinuetheirFrenchstudies.TheyarealsogiventhechancetolearnGerman（德语）.Incertainschools,childrenalsolearnLatin.Thislanguageisnolongerspoken,butmanyEnglishwordsandstructures（结构）comefromit.___4___MostchildreninBritaindonotenjoylearninglanguages.___5___Also,becausesomanyspeakEnglish,manyBritishchildrenthinktheydon'tneedtobother（烦恼）learningasecondlanguage.A.That'swhyBritishpeoplearelazywhenitcomestolearningnewlanguages.InBritain,childrenbeginlearningtospeakFrenchinjuniorschool.Youareabletotalkwithnewpeople,exploreanewcultureandunderstandanewwayoflife.D.SowecansaythathavingagoodknowledgeofLatinhelpsimproveone'sEnglish.Theythinktheyaremoredifficultandlessfunthanothersubjects.Passage3WC,toilet,lavatory,bathroom,restroom,john—Englishhasmanywordsforthelittleroomweallhavetogotoeveryday.___1___IntheUS,youwillgetwhereyouneedtogoifyouaskwherethe“bathroom”is.Ifyou'reinashoppingmall,youshouldaskdirectionstothe“restroom”.___2___Itcomesfromthenameofthe19thcenturyBritishmanwhoinventedtheflushtoilet（冲水马桶）.InBritainthemostcommonlyusedwordsare“toilet”and“bathroom”.___3___Apublictoiletisa“publicconvenience”.Youoftenusedtoseethewords“Ladies”and“Gentlemen”abovetheentriestopublictoilets,but“Men”and“Women”aremorecommonnow.Australianssay“loo”.ItisalsoquitepopularintheUK.Canadiansusetheword“can”.NewZealanders“bog”,andSouthAfricans“want（to）gotothebathroom”.4Well,it'sfromtheFrench“toilette"—towashyourself.PeoplefromEnglish-speakingcountriesalsousesomewitty（智慧的）words.Forexample,“throne”（王座）todescribethetoiletand“throneroom”forthebathroom.“WC”,whichstandsfor“watercloset”,and“lavatory”,arealsoused.Herearesomeofthewordsthatareusedindifferentcountries.CAmericansalsousetheword“john”.Toiletisconsideredtobeamorecommonexpression.Wheredoesthewordtoiletitselfcomefrom?Passage4Weeatpastasalmosteveryday,especiallyatlunch.Italian“noodles”aredifferentfromChinesenoodles.Italianscookfoodsodeliciouslythatyou'llwanttoeattheplate.Ilikesaucesmadewithtomatoandbacon.___1___Italianpeoplemakepastasthatlooklikeshells,bows,ribbons,flowersandmanyothershapestoholdsaucesbetter.___2___Itcanbered,greenorblack,withvegetables,spices,eggsorman-madecolouringinit.Sauceisimportantinservingpasta.___3___Peopleusenotonlyporkorvegetables,asyoudowithChinesenoodles,butalsocream（奶油）,olives（橄榄）andseafood!Itissaidthattherearemorethan500kindsofItalianpasta.___4___YoucookChinesenoodlesandItalianpastasimilarly（相似地）,exceptthatyouletthewatergobeforemixingthepastawithsauce.Ifyou'renotsurewhetherpastaisdone,justthrowapieceatthewall.Ifitsticks（粘住）,it'stimetoprepareplates!Butifyouadddifferentsauces,thenumbercouldbemorethan1,000.Italianpastacomesinalargenumberofforms,notjustlongstrands（细条）.DeliciouspastahasmadeItaliankidsthefattestinEurope.Somesayit'sthesaucethatmakesItalianpastaspecial.Pastaalsocomesindifferentcolors.Passage5Breadiscertainlytheoldeststaplefoodinmanypartsoftheworld.Mainlyit'smadeofwheat.Peoplegrindup（磨碎）wheattomakeflour.Thentheyaddwatertotheflourtomak