陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句

句子（陈述句，疑问句，感叹句，祈使句）一、陈述句：是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。1、谓语动词是be动词，助动词have,has,will,情态动词can等时，只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。eg.Lilyhasalreadyreadthisnewbook.（改为否定句）Lilythisnewbook.2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助动词，一般现在时加助动词do，第三人称单数加does，一般过去时加did，再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是：don't,doesn't,didn't后都用动词原形。Jillhaslunchatschooleveryday.（改为否定句）Jilllunchatschooleveryday.2）Thechildrenhadagoodtimeattheparty.（改为否定句）Thechildrenagoodtimeattheparty.3）Rosedidn'tdrinkanymilkthismorning.（改为肯定句）Rosemilkthismorning.二、疑问句：是用来提出问题的句子。A.—般疑问句：以be动词，have/has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头，以yes或no来回答的问句。它的基本结构是：Be/Have/Has/Did等助动词（包括情态动词）+主语+谓语（包括表语）回答常用简略回答。1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首，句末改成问号。eg.There'ssomethingwrongwithhisbike.（改成疑问句）wrongwithhisbike2、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does（三单）、Did（过去式）加上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。eg.1）Edisonbuiltasciencelabhimselfwhenhewasten.（改成疑问句）Edisonasciencelabhimselfwhenhewasten2）ThoseJapaneselikeChinesefood.（改成疑问句）thoseJapaneseChinesefood注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候，要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。B.特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词＋陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what,who（whom）,whose,which,when,where,how,why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。1）对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用whatThetwinsweremakingakitewhentheirmothercamein.（划线提问）thetwinswhentheirmothercameinMrsTurneraskedhersontobuysomeeggsforsupper.（划线提问）MrsTurneraskherson2）对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且必须和名词连用。I'mgoingtotaketheshirtontheright.（划线提问）areyougoingtotake3）对指人名词或代词提问用who，作宾语时提问用whom。Ping,they,hisfather4）对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。eg.LiPing'scoat—Whosecoatmyfather—Whosefather5）对具体时间提出疑问，如inthemorning,lastSunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用whattime。6）对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。Thepupilsarehavingapicnicatthefootofthehill.（划线提问）thepupilshavingapicnic7）对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。XiaoChengdidn'tgotothefarmwithusbecausehewasill.（划线提问）XiaoChenggotothefarmwithus8）对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。eg.gobybikelikeverymuch9）对数量提出疑问，疑问词为Howmany，要注意howmany必须跟名词的复数形式。eg.twohundredsheep—Howmanysheep10）对价格提出疑问，疑问词用Howmuch。eg.Ipaidfiftyyuanforthesweater.didyoupayforthesweater11）对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用Howlong。eg.I'veworkedinthatfactoryfortwoyears.（划线提问）youworkedinthatfactory12）对时间频率，女口onceayear,twiceaweek等提问，疑问词用Howoften。13）对具体次数，如once,twice,threetimes等提问，疑问词用Howmanytimes。eg.didhecallyouthedaybeforeyesterdayTwice.timemanytimesmuchlong14）对in+—段时间提问，疑问词一般用Howsoon。eg.Janeandherbrotherwillfinishtheworkintwohours.（划线提问）Janeandherbrotherfinishthework15）对距离提出疑问，疑问词用Howfar。eg.It'sabouttwokilometresfromheretothecountry.（划线提问）fromheretothecountry16）另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用What'sthedateWhatdayisit如果是过去时间，就用was代替is。What'stheweatherlike练习题1）Shedoesexercisesathomeintheevening.（改成否定句、一般疑问句）Sheexercisesathomeintheevening.sheexercisesathomeintheevening2）Hesaidsomethingimportantatthemeeting.（改为否定句,一般疑问句）Heimportantatthemeeting.heimportantatthemeeting3）It'lltakethemthreeweekstofinishthework.（划线提问）ittakethemtofinishthework4）1havetowashalltheplatesandthingsaftermeals.（划线提问）youhavetowashalltheplatesandthings5）Thewomanintheredcoatishermother.（划线提问）ishermother6）LiPingspenttwentyyuanonthedietionary.（划线提问）LiPingonthedictionary思考题1）Theworker'svisitedthefaetoryalready.（改成否定句、一般疑问句）Theworkerthefaetory.theworker___thefaetory__2）Bothofhisparentsareworkers.（改成否定句）___ofhisparentsaworker.3）Hewenttotheparkwithhissister.（划线提问）hegotothepark4）Wereallyenjoyedworkingonthefarm.（划线提问）Whatyoureallyenjoy5）Shewritestoherparentsonceaweek.（划线提问）shewritetoherparents6）Ourteaeherhasbeenatthisschoolsincehecame.（划线提问）ourteacherbeenatthisschool选择疑问句：指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择的句子。它的基本结构是：一般疑问句+or+—般疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略）。回答时，不用yes或no回答，而是选择其中一种回答。eg.Wouldyoulikechickenorbeef回答时用I'dlikebeef.填入〃or〃或〃and"：AretheysittingstandingintheclassroomThestudentsstoppedtalkinglaughingwhentheteachercamein.Meimeilikesboating.（用swim改成选择疑问句）Meimei____boating反意疑问句：提出情况和看法来问对方是否同意的句子。它由两部分构成：前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的附加问句。如果前一部分是肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式；如果前一部分是否定形式，后部分通常用肯定形式。两部分的人称和时态必须一致。附加问句的主语应用相应的代词，不能用名词。附加问句动词的否定应用缩略形式。1）Bill'ssisterisgoingtoworkinParisnextmonth.（改成反意疑问句）Bill'ssisterisgoingtoworkinParisnextmonth,2）TheReadsdon'tenjoylivinginChina.（改成反意疑问句）TheReadsdon'tenjoylivinginChina,___注意：1、对于反意疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，则用yes来回答，事实是否定的，则要用no回答。eg.LiLeinevergoestoschoollate,doeshe李雷上学从不迟到,是吗不，他迟到。（事实是迟到的，则用yes回答.Yes,hedoes.）是的，从不迟到。（事实是不迟到，则用no回答.No,hedoesn't.）2、当陈述部分中含有no,noone,nobody,nothing,never,little,few,hardly,too…七。等否定词时，附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。Hisauntatenothingforbreakfastthismorning.（改为反意疑问句）Hisauntatenothingforbreakfastthismorning,2）There'snothingwrongwiththecomputer.（改为反意疑问句）There'snothingwrongwiththecomputer,3、反意问句中要注意到有些词的缩略形式。eg.'s既是has也是is的缩略形式。’d既是would也是had的缩略形式。eg.①He'salreadyfinishedhishomework.（改成反意问句）He'salreadyfinishedhishomework,He'salreadyalittleweakinEnglish.（改成反意疑问句）He'salreadyalittleweakinEnglish,He'softentoldtocomehere.（改成反意疑问句）He'softentoldtocomehere,4、当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时，附加问句的主谓一般应与主句保持一致。但是如果主句动词是think时，附加问句的主谓一般应与从句主谓保持一致，如果think是否定形式，附加问句的谓语应是肯定形式。eg.saidthattheywouldcallus.（改成反意疑问句）Theysaidthattheywouldcallus,don'tthinkhewillcome.（改成反意疑问句）Idon'tthinkhewillcome,5、陈述部分主语是everyone,someone,noone,something,anything等不定代词时，指人的不定代词，附加部分主语多用he来代替，指物的不定代词主语多用it来代替。6、当陈述部分为therebe句型时，附加问句部分用bethere结构的肯定或否定形式。三、感叹句：用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句，句末用感叹号。1、一般用感叹词how或what引导，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词。2、how引导的感叹句，基本结构是：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!（主谓可省略）eg.Howbeautifultheparkis!3、What引导的感叹句：基本结构是：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词（单数）+主语+谓语！（主谓可省）eg.Whatanicegirl（sheis）!What+形容词+可数名词复数（或不可数名词）+主语+谓语！eg.Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare！注意：What感叹不可数名词时，名词前面不能加不定冠词a/an。eg.Whatagoodnewsitis！类似的有：Whatbadweather!Whathardwork!Whatdeliciousfood!等练习题:（一）1）goodkindgirlsheis!aa2）badweather!Ihopeitwon'tlastlong.aa3）theyarelisteningtotheteacher!carefulcarefulcarefullycarefully练习题:（二）1）Hehadlunchathome.（用atschool改选择问句）helunchathomeatschool2)He'sneverlateforclass.(改反意疑问句)He'sneverlateforclass,MrBrownhasfewfriendsinthistown.(改反意疑问句)MrBrownhasfewfriendsinthistown,练习题：(三)选择How或What(a/an)填空：.goodnewsforallofus!.interestingbookhehasinhishand!.badlyhehurthimself!.friendlysheistoeveryone!思考题IsBruceanAmericananAustralianwonderfultimewehavehad.aamoderncinematheworkersarebuilding.aaThetwinscouldswimwhentheywerefour.(改为反意问句)Thetwinscoul