简述睡眠癫痫的症状表现及特征

Briefsleepsymptomsandcharacteristicsofepilepsy（简述睡眠癫痫的症状表现及特征）Withthepopularizationofhealthknowledge,peoplehaveacertainunderstandingofepilepsy.Mentionsleepepilepsyorsomeconfused,epilepsyshouldnotattackintheawakeWhat?Whyistheresleepepilepsydo?随着健康知识的普及，人们对癫痫症有了一定的了解。但提及睡眠癫痫，人们还是有些糊涂，癫痫不应该是在清醒的时候发作么？为什么会有睡眠癫痫呢？Sleepepilepsynamesuggests,epilepticseizuresduringsleep.Sleepistheclinicalonsetofepilepsyandabnormaldischargeactivationfactors.Clinicalseizurescanoccurduringsleep.Thestudyshowedthatabout25%to30%oftheseizuresoccurredmainlyinthesleepperiod,typeofepilepsyisgenerallyreferredtoassleepepilepsy.睡眠癫痫故名思意，睡眠过程中发作的癫痫。睡眠是癫痫临床发作和异常放电的重要激活因素。临床上任何癫痫发作均可发生于睡眠中。研究表明，大约25%〜30%的癫痫发作主要出现于睡眠期，这类癫痫被普遍称为睡眠癫痫。Thesymptomsandcharacteristicsofsleepepilepsy睡眠癫痫的症状及特征Thegeneralsymptomsofseizures,associatedwithlackofenergyorabnormalbehavior.Thecommonsleepepilepsysymptomsincludesuddenlyopeneyesinsleep,wakeup,orpanicperformance,andmorewithdystoniaorothermovementdisorders,asmallnumberofcasesofsleep-relatedaggressivebehavior.一般症状表现为发作性，伴发精神不振或行为异常等。常见的眠型癫痫症候包括睡眠中突然睁眼、唤醒，或有惊恐表现，多伴肌张力不全或其他运动障碍，少数病例出现睡眠相关性攻击性行为。Sleep-relatedepilepsyandsleepdisordernarcolepsydisease,nightterrors,nightmares,OSAShasalotincommon:theyalloccurredinthesleepperiod,performanceismostlyepisodic,maybeassociatedwithlackofenergyorabnormalbehavior.However,theprincipleoftreatmentisdifferentprognosisarequitedifferent.Oncethediagnosisofsleep-relatedepilepsy,whichnormallytakesregularantiepileptictherapy,orrecurrentepisodesmayaffectneuropsychiatricfunction.Andothersleepdisorderssuchasnightterrors,nightmares,generalNeedlesstospecialtreatment,mostlyself-limitingcharacteristics.Somesleepdisorders,suchasnarcolepsydiseasewithOSAS(obstructivesleepapneasyndrome),areneededtogiveadrugordeviceinterventions,theprognosisismostlygood.Therefore,theunderstandingofthesleep-relatedepilepsyisthedifferentialdiagnosiswithothercommonsleepdisorders,inordertoavoidthewrongtreatment.睡眠相关性癫痫和发作性睡病、夜惊、梦魇、OSAS等睡眠障碍具有诸多共同点：它们均发生于睡眠期，表现也多为发作性，可伴发精神不振或行为异常等。但治疗原则迥异，预后也有很大差异。睡眠相关性癫痫一旦确诊，一般需进行正规抗癫痫治疗，否则反复发作有可能影响神经精神功能。而其他睡眠障碍，如夜惊、梦魇等，则一般勿需特殊治疗，大多具有自限性特征。有些睡眠障碍如发作性睡病、OSAS(阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征)，虽需要给予药物或器械干预，预后也大多良好。因此对睡眠相关癫痫的认识主要在于与其他常见睡眠障碍的鉴别诊断，以避免错误的治疗。Publishedin1989bytheInternationalLeagueAgainstEpilepsyclassificationofepilepsyandepilepticsyndromes,someepilepsysyndromeoralloftheepisodesinthesleepperiod.Forexample,childrenwithbenignepilepsywithcentrotemporalspikes(BECT)wakinggeneralizedtonic-clonicseizures,epilepsywithcontinuousspikewaveofslow-wavesleep(CSWS).Inrecentyears,studieshaveshownthatfrontallobeepilepsyaremoreepisodesduringsleep,theThetypicalexamplesusualautosomaldominantnocturnalfrontallobeepilepsy(ADNFLE),theonsetofalmostalloccurredinthenighttimesleep.Somespecialtheepileptiformdischargesstylealsomorecommoninsleep,suchassleepepilepsypowertograntcontinuedstate(ESES).TheESESvisibleonmultipleepilepsysyndrome,suchasepilepsywithcontinuousspikewaveofslow-wavesleep,BECT(centraltemporalspikespediatricbenignepilepsy),Landau-Kleffnersyndrome(acquiredepilepticaphasia).国际抗癫痫联盟1989年发表的癫痫和癫痫综合征分类中，有些癫痫综合征主要或全部发作于睡眠期。例如，儿童良性癫痫伴中央颞区棘波(BECT)、觉醒期全身性强直阵挛癫痫、癫痫伴慢波睡眠期持续棘波(CSWS)等。近年研究证明，额叶癫痫也更多地在睡眠期发作，典型的例子如常染色体显性夜间额叶癫痫(ADNFLE)，其发作几乎均发生于夜间睡眠中。某些特殊的痫样放电式样也多见于睡眠期，例如睡眠期癫痫电发放持续状态（ESES）。ESES可见于多个癫痫综合征，例如癫痫伴慢波睡眠期持续棘波、BECT（中央颞区棘波的小儿良性癫痫）、Landau-Kleffner综合征（获得性癫痫性失语）等。Repeatedepisodesofepilepsygreatnerve,braindysfunction,sleepepilepsyduetotheonsetofsleep,easilymisunderstoodorignored,andthereforeshouldattractattention.Suchasfoundtheabnormalperform