湖南省怀化市凯文中学2022-2023学年高三英语下学期期末试题含解析

湖南省怀化市凯文中学2022-2023学年高三英语下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Thenewteacherwassowell-organizedthatshebegan________westoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwasleftout.

A.

when

B.

inwhich

C.

how

D.

where参考答案：D

【分析】句意：这位新老师条理非常清楚，她从我们昨天停止的地方开始，没有遗漏要点。这里不是定语从句，因为没有先行词，所以不能用inwhich；表示昨天我们停止的地方，表地点，要用where，故选D。

【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及where引导的地点状语从句。2.Withtimegoingby,_____onceseemedvitalinourlifeisnolongerasimportantnow.A.which B. how

C.what

D. whether参考答案：C【知识点】考查主语从句的用法。句意：随着时间的流失，我们的一生中从前看起来很重要的现在不再那么重要了。主语从句中缺少主语，只能填what；which、whichever在主语从句中一般作定语；how在主语从句中作方式状语。故选C。3.Theybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen,they_____toeachotherfornearly

two

years.A.didn’tspeak

B.haven’tbeenspeaking

C.haven’t

spoken

D.hadn’tspoken参考答案：D略4.Throughouttheworld,themajorityoftheemployersareplanningtocutdownonwages_______theeconomiccrisis.

A.withregardto

B.indefenseof

C.bymeansof

D.inreactionto参考答案：C略5.______atfailinginthemathexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.

A.Disappointed

B.Tobedisappointed

C.Disappointing

D.Havingdisappointed参考答案：A略6.——IcanhardlymakemyselfunderstoodinChinese.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomehelp?

——

.Wearetryingtohelpyou.

A.Takeyourtime

B.Takeitaway

C.Takeiteasy

D.Takeitover参考答案：C7.Theideaoftravellingabroadreally_______alotofChinesepeople.That'swhyeveryyearwitnessesmorepeopleapplyingforpassports.A．takesto

B．attendsto

C．appealsto

D．Catersto参考答案：C8.Nowadaysmanygirlstudentseagerlytookthecourseto______themselvesforacareerinnursing.

A.devote

B.defend

C.establish

D.equip参考答案：D略9.Duringthefloodsthecaps，trainsandbuildingscouldnotsurvive，

thepeoplewhostoodintheway．

A．orrather

B．letalone

C．moreorless

D．besides

参考答案：B10.Ididn’tknowyouraddress;otherwiseI_____havesenttheboxtoyouyesterday.

A.must

B.should

C.would

D.need参考答案：C略33.Tomtookataxitotheairport,only________hisplanehighupinthesky.

A.finding

B.tofind

C.beingfound

D.tohavefound参考答案：B略12.TheTownHall____inthe1880'swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.

A.completed

B.havingbeencompleted

C.tobecompleted

D.beingcompleted参考答案：A略13.Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,_______thecolor1ofhisskin.A.exceptfor

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof参考答案：D14.LastnightonmywayhomeIsawanoldladydrivingaBMWcarat__________Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.how参考答案：C【知识点】名词性从句解析：从句中Ithought是个插入语，从句缺少主语，故用关系词what。句意：昨天晚上在我回家的路上，我看到一位老太太开了一辆宝马车，我认为她开车的速度非常危险。15.Inhershortstory,Helendescribednotherownexperience,but______writer’s.A.theothers

B.another

C.other

D.others参考答案：B16.______thatthecountryhadtostartahugerescueoperation.A.Soseveredidtheearthquake

B.SoseveretheearthquakedidC.Soseverewastheearthquake

D.Soseveretheearthquakewas参考答案：C二、新的题型17.Extremesportsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Infact,activitiessuchasmountainbiking,snowboardingandskateboardingcontinuetoattractlargernumbersofpeopleeveryyear.Atthesametime,adeclinehasbeennoted,foryearsonend,inotheroutsideactivitiesthatareconsideredtobemoretraditional,includingbasketball.Thisismostlikelylinkedtoseveralfactors,rangingfromtheincreasedadrenaline（肾上腺素）allthewaytothepositivementalandphysicalhealthaspectsofparticipatinginanextremesport.Extremesportscanpushyoutoyourphysicalandmentallimits.Individualswhoregularlyperformfeats（超群的技艺）suchasgoingbungeejumpingactuallychangethechemicalmakeupoftheirmind.Whenthishappens,youbecomemorecapableofstayingcalmandcenteredinstressfulsituations.Inotherwords,extremesportscanmaketherestofyourlifeeasytomanage.Besides,thosewhoparticipateinextremesportsareabletoturntheirfearsintopositiveexperiences.Thereprobablyaren’ttoomanypeopleintheworldwhowon’tfeelfearfulthefirsttimetheygobungeejumping.Butseeingthatyoumanagetodothemwillhelpyoureduceyourfearresponse.Wealldocertainmovementsduringtheday;however,you’veprobablyfeltsoreafterdoingsomethingthatisn’tonyourtypicaldailyschedule.Thisisbecauseyouhaveaskedyourmusclestomoveinanunusualwaywhenyouareworkingout.Althoughthiscancausesoreness,itcanalsobegoodforyouroverallphysicalfitness.Whenyouembraceanextremesport,youwillbuildupdifferentmusclesofyourbody,andthiswill

beapositivethingforyourhealth.Extremesportstaskyouwithovercomingdifficultphysicalchallenges.Ifyoucancompletethesechallenges,yourrewardswillbemuchmorethanmerelyphysical.Studieshavefoundastronglinkbetweenextremesportsandahigherlevelofself-confidence.Thismakessensewhenyouconsiderthefactthataccomplishingatasksophysicallydaunting（使人畏缩的）issomethingthatyoushouldfeelproudof.Theself-confidenceincreasecanhaveapositiveimpactoneveryaspectofyourlife,whichmakesextremesports

agoodideaforeveryonewhoisphysicallycapableofmeetingthegreatchallenges.However,beforeyoubeginanyextremesport,ensureyou’rephysicallyandmentallycapableofperformingthenecessarytasks.Onceyou’rereadytobegin,you’llbeabletochoosefromalonglistofadventuroussportsthatarecertaintogetyouradrenalineflowing.ExtremesportsIntroductionEveryyear____51____agrowingincreaseinextremesportsanda

___52___declineintraditionaloutsideactivities.Reasonsforenjoying___53___

You’llfindinner

___54___andfocusonyourtaskinastressfulsituation.You

will___55___respondtoyourfearsaftersucceedingindoingextremesports.Youcan___56___differentmusclesofyourbodyandchangeyourhealthforthe

___57___.Overcomingphysicalchallenges___58___youtogainself-confidence,thusappealingtothosewhocan

___59___onchallenges.SuggestionMakesurethatyouare

well___60___physicallyandmentallyforanextremesport.

参考答案：51.sees/witnesses

52.continuous

53.popularity/currency

54.calmness

55.positively/bravely

56.strengthen

57.better

58.allows/enables/helps

59.take

60.prepared本文是一篇说明文。极限运动正变得越来越受欢迎。事实上，像山地自行车、滑雪板和滑板这样的活动每年都会吸引更多的人。与此同时，多年来人们注意到，包括篮球在内的其他被认为比较传统的户外活动也在减少。【51题详解】根据第一段中Infact,activitiessuchasmountainbiking,snowboardingandskateboardingcontinuetoattractlargernumbersofpeopleeveryyear.可知，极限运动每年都在增加，而传统的户外活动却在不断减少。故答案为sees/witnesses。【52题详解】根据第一段中Atthesametime,adeclinehasbeennoted,foryearsonend,inotheroutsideactivitiesthatareconsideredtobemoretraditional,includingbasketball.可知，极限运动每年都在增加，而传统的户外活动却在不断减少。故答案为continuous。【53题详解】根据第一段中Thisismostlikelylinkedtoseveralfactors,rangingfromtheincreasedadrenaline（肾上腺素）allthewaytothepositivementalandphysicalhealthaspectsofparticipatinginanextremesport.可知，此处在说“享受受欢迎的理由”，故答案为popularity/currency。【54题详解】根据第二段中Whenthishappens,youbecomemorecapableofstayingcalmandcenteredinstressfulsituations.可知，你会在压力下找到内心的平静并专注于你的任务。故答案为calmness。【55题详解】根据第二段中thosewhoparticipateinextremesportsareabletoturntheirfearsintopositiveexperiences.可知，在极限运动成功后，你会积极/勇敢地回应你的恐惧。故答案为positively/bravely。【56题详解】根据第三段中Whenyouembraceanextremesport,youwillbuildupdifferentmusclesofyourbody,andthiswill

beapositivethingforyourhealth.可知，你可以加强你身体的不同肌肉，让你的健康变得更好。故答案为strengthen。【57题详解】根据第三段中Whenyouembraceanextremesport,youwillbuildupdifferentmusclesofyourbody,andthiswill

beapositivethingforyourhealth.可知，你可以加强你身体的不同肌肉，让你的健康变得更好。故答案为better。【58题详解】根据第四段中Extremesportstaskyouwithovercomingdifficultphysicalchallenges.Ifyoucancompletethesechallenges,yourrewardswillbemuchmorethanmerelyphysical.Studieshavefoundastronglinkbetweenextremesportsandahigherlevelofself-confidence.可知，克服身体上的挑战能让你获得自信，从而吸引那些能接受挑战的人。故答案为allows/enables/helps。【59题详解】根据第四段中Theself-confidenceincreasecanhaveapositiveimpactoneveryaspectofyourlife,whichmakesextremesports

agoodideaforeveryonewhoisphysicallycapableofmeetingthegreatchallenges.可知，克服身体上的挑战能让你获得自信，从而吸引那些能接受挑战的人。故答案为take。【60题详解】根据最后一段中However,beforeyoubeginanyextremesport,ensureyou’rephysicallyandmentallycapableofperformingthenecessarytasks.可知，确保你已经为极限运动做好了身体和精神上的准备。故答案为prepared。三、阅读理解18.Youknowthosenutritionguidelinesthegovernmentissueseveryfewyears?Itturnsoutthatfollowingthemisn'tjustgoodforyourhealth.It'sgoodfortheplanet,too.“Whatwefoundisthatimpactsvaryacrossnations,butinthehigh-impactnations,ingeneral,youcanseethat,ifyoufollowanationallyrecommendeddiet,despitethefactthatthesedietsdon'tmentionexplicitly—ormostofthemdon'texplicitlymention—environmentalimpacts,thatyouaregoingtohavelowerenvironmentalimpactsduetothat.Sothat'ssortoffairlyclearacrossallthehigh-incomenations.”saidPaulBehrens,anenvironmentalscientistatLeidenUniversityintheNetherlands.Thefoodweeattakesabigtollontheenvironment.Athirdoftheice-freelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhuman-causedgreenhousegasemissions.Fertilizerrunoffalsoleadstootherproblems,likethealgaebloomsinLakeEerieandtheDeadZoneintheGulfofMexico.However,followingdietaryguidelineswouldreducethoseimpacts,especiallyinwealthycountriesliketheUS.“Mostofthereductionscomefrommeatanddairy，”whichhaveanoutsizedimpactonlanduseandpollution,andareamajorsourceofgreenhousegases.(That'spartlyduetocowfarts.Seriously.)Followingthesuggestionswouldalsomeaneatingfewercalories,sincemanypeoplehereeatmorethantheyneed.Overall,inhigh-incomecountries,Behren'steamestimatesthatfollowingtherulescouldresultinasmuchasa17percentreductioninlanduse,a21percentreductioninnutrientpollution,anda25percentdropinagriculturalgreenhousegasemissions.Cuttingdownonhowmuchfoodwewaste—whichisroughlyathirdintheUS—couldhelpevenmore.TheresultsareintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Ofcourse,peoplearenotoriouslybadatfollowingdiets.But:“Thesenationallyrecommendedguidelinesdoactuallyhaveaknock-oneffectonotherareasofpolicymaking.SoifI'mdevelopinganewhealthy-eating-for-schoolsprogramthenthat'sgoingtobebasedoffalotofdetailthatIgetfromthenationallyrecommendedguidelines.Sowhileitmightnotnecessarilybethecasethatpeoplefollowdirectly…

theyactuallyarequiteinfluentialonthepreparationofotheradvice.”Itseemsthatasmallerenvironmentalfootprintandahealthierlifestylecouldgohandinhand.58.WhichofthefollowingstatementwillPaulBehrensapproveof?A.Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcanhavesimilarimpactsindifferentcountries.B.Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcandogoodtoourhealth.C.Notallthecountrieshaverecommendeddietsinanexplicitmanner.D.Somehigh-incomenationsdon'tmentionthedietexplicitlyforitsimpactscanbeignored.59.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takesabigtollon”inparagraph3probablymean?A.showssignsof B.hasabadeffectonC.takesfulladvantageof D.makesupfor60.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Foodproductioncanleadtoabout20percentofhuman-causedgreenhousegaswithonlyathirdoftheice-freelandused.B.Itisestimatedthatfollowingdietaryguidelinescanleadtodecreaseinmorelandusethaninnutrientpollution.C.PaulBehrens'newprogramconcerninghealthyeatingforschoolsislikelytobebasedonnationalnutritionguidelines.D.Somewealthycountriestendtoreducemeatanddairythoughtheotherareasofpolicymakingisn'teffectedmuch.参考答案：58.C

59.B

60.A这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了营养指南对地球也有利。通过膳食指南，似乎可以减轻对环境的伤害，人类自己也可以过上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。【58题详