大学英语四六级翻译及听力必考词

33/33大学英语四六级翻译及听力必考词一.中国文化类带星号（*）为六级同学掌握，四级可以不用看四大发明：thefourgreatinventions印刷术/*活字印刷术：printing/movable-typeprinting造纸术：paper-making指南针：compass火药：gunpowder丝绸之路：theSilkRoad瓷器/*陶器：china/pottery硬币/纸币：coins/paperbills对外贸易/海外贸易/*海上贸易：foreigntrade/overseastrade/maritimecommerce古代文明：ancientcivilization文化交流：culturalexchange文化冲突：culturalshock/culturalconflict文化产业：culturalindustry文化遗产：culturalheritage乡村文化：ruralculture民族文化：nationalculture民间艺术：folkart表演艺术：performingart特征：feature/characteristic祖先：ancestor哲学家：philosopher中国文学：Chineseliterature中外学者：Chineseandoverseasscholars巨著：greatworks显著成就：remarkableachievements神话/传说：myth/legend阳历/阴历：solarcalendar/lunarcalendar金/木/水/火/土：metal/wood/water/fire/earth工艺/手工艺品：craft/handicraft唐朝：TangDynasty始于...年/持续...时间/灭亡：beginin/lastfor/collapse统治/统治者：govern(v.)rule(v)/ruler(n.)在...统治下：duringthereignof...权力/权威：power/authority戏剧/京剧/剧院：drama/PekingOpera/theater诗人/政客：poet/politician少数民族：ethnicminority社会地位：socialstatus起源于：originatein/from…（在一个地方起源用in，从一个地方起源用from）追溯到:betracedbackto…/trace…backto…发源地：birthplace古代：ancienttimes现代：moderntimes独特元素：auniqueelement组成（选一背诵即可）：AconstituteB/AcompriseB/AmakeupB（A组成B）BconsistofA/BiscomposedofA（B由A组成）【常见错误：切忌不要用compriseof】工业革命：industrialrevolution代表：represent/standfor象征：symbolize(v.)/symbolic(adj.)/symbol(n.)繁荣：prosperous(adj.)/prosperity(n.)/flourish(v.)国宝：nationaltreasure*腐败：corruption*扩大领土：extendtheterritory/domain*夺取政权：seizethepower*才子佳人：giftedscholarsandbeautifulladies*下棋饮茶：playchessanddrinktea*耕耘收割：sowandreap*织布缝衣：weaveandsew*湖上打渔：fishonthelake*砍柴采药：cutfirewoodandgatherherbs*吟诗作画：composepoemsandpaintpictures经典模板句练习：1.中国武术（martialart）的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练(CET-4)。TheoriginofChinesemartialartcanbetracedbacktotheneedsofself-defense,huntingandancientChinesemilitarytraining.2.构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国(CET-4)。Manyelementswhichconstitute/comprisethefoundationofthemodernworldoriginatedinChina.3.最出名的就是门神和三大神——福神、薪神和寿神（ThreeGodsofBlessing,SalaryandLongevity），寓意着庄稼丰收，家畜兴旺和庆祝春节(CET-4,6)。ThemostfamousonesareDoorGodsandThreeGodsofBlessing,SalaryandLongevity,symbolizing/whichsymbolizethegood/abundantharvestofcrops,theprosperityofdomestic/homeanimalsandthecelebrationoftheSpringFestival.4.那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的(CET-4)。Atthattime,yellowwasonly/exclusivelyusedfortheemperor.Theroyalpalacewaspaintedyellowandtheimperialrobewasalwaysyellow.However,ordinarypeoplewereforbiddentowearclothesofthecolor.5.反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家（Taoist）对自然的感情。(CET-6)TherurallifeidealreflectedintheartsandliteratureisanimportantfeatureofChinesecivilization.This,toalargeextent,canbeattributedtotheTaoistaffectiontowardsnature.6.汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就，它最先向其他文化敞开了大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向中西亚乃至罗马，各类艺术流派繁荣，涌现了很多文学，历史，哲学巨著。(CET-6)ThereareanumberofremarkableachievementsduringthereignoftheHandynasty,whichfirstunlockedthedoortootherculturesandmadeforeigntradeprosperous.TheSilkRoadwhichtheHandynastyhasexploredledtoCentralandWesternAsia,andeventoRome,withallvarietiesofartschoolsflourishingandmanyworksinliterature,historyandphilosophy.7.大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。(CET-6)Theword“dama”isusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itparticularlyreferstothoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasealargeamountofgoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago.8.宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字（movable-type）印刷。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热闹的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多样。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体质在当时也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。(CET-6)TheSongDynastywasthefirsttousegunpowderandtoinventmovable-typeprinting.Withrapidlyincreasingpopulation,moreandmorepeoplemovedintocities,inwhichentertainmentvenueswereverybusy.Therearemanyformsofsociallife.TheSongdynastyalsohadanadvancedgovernmentsystemintheworld.Allofthegovernmentofficialswereselectedandappointedthroughthecompetitiveexamination.

二.旅游城市类风景/风光：scenery/landscape目的地：destination景点：touristattraction/scenicspot游览：sightseeing(n.)/seethesight历史古迹：historicsite文物：culturalrelic位于：belocatedin以…而闻名/作为…而闻名：befamousfor…/befamousas享誉盛名：earnagreatreputation有…年历史：hasahistoryof…years面积/人口：area/population平方公里：squarekilometers规模：scale渔村/水乡：fishingvillage/watertown偏远地区：remoteareas日出/日落：sunrise/sunset湿润的/干燥的：wet(humid)/dry宏伟壮丽：magnificent治疗疾病：treatdiseases温泉/瀑布：hotspring/waterfall园林建筑：gardenarchitecture寺庙/殿堂：temple/hall塔：pagoda/tower楼：mansion亭：pavilion溪/河/海：stream/river/sea林/田/*牧：forest/field/pasture东南角/东南部：southeasterncorner/southeasternpart华北：NorthChina/northernChina/northernregionsofChina陕南：southernShaanxi江南：YangtzeRiverDelta山东省中部：inthecenterofShandongProvince*蜿蜒小路：windingroad/trail朝圣/朝圣者pilgrimage/pilgrim*避暑胜地：summerresort*美不胜收：toomanybeautifulthingstobeappreciatedatonce*闻名遐迩：knownfarandwide*奇花异草：exoticflowersandherbs*络绎不绝：anendlessstream山水画：landscapepainting摄影：photography获得灵感：obtaininspiration缆车：cablecars新趋势：newtrend/tendency背包旅行/背包客：backpacking/backpacker体验文化：experiencecultures丰富知识：enlargeknowledge拓展视野：broadenhorizon生活节奏：lifetempo/pace餐馆/旅馆：restaurant/hotel住宅/集市/庭院：dwelling/market/courtyard洪水/干旱：flood/drought衣食住行：clothing,meals,accommodation,transportation月饼：mooncake海鲜：seafood年糕：ricecake饺子：dumplings面条：noodle面粉：flour粥：porridge米饭（水稻）：rice谷物（粮食）：grain小麦：wheat三明治：sandwich汉堡：hamburger汤：soup菜：dish/cuisine（dish是一道菜，cuisine是菜肴、烹饪）糖/盐/醋/酒/油：sugar/salt/vinegar/wine/oil色/香/味/行：color/aroma/taste/appearance酸/甜/苦/辣/咸/淡：sour/sweet/bitter/spicy/salty/light煮/炸/熏/烤：boil/fry/smoke/bake(roast,grill)西瓜/葡萄：watermelon/grape经典模板句练习：1.黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。(CET-4)。MountHuangislocatedinthesouthofAnhuiprovince.Withuniquesceneries,itisparticularlyfamousforthesunriseandtheseaofclouds.2.年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。

(CET-4)。Thenumberofyoungtourists/travelers/visitorsisincreasing,whichcanbeattributedtotherapidgrowthoftheirincomeandthecuriositytoexploretheoutsideworld.3.传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了。(CET-4)。ItissaidthatMotse,oneofthephilosophersinancientChina,spentthreeyearsinWeifanginmakingthefirstkiteintheworld,andthatthekitefellandcrashedonthefirstdaywhenitflewinthesky.4.中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。(CET-4)。RiceismainlygrowninsouthernChinawherepeopleusuallytakericeasthestaplefood.However,becauseitiseithertoocoldortoodry,itisimpossibletogrowriceinmostofthenorthernregionsofChina,sothemaincropthereiswheat.5.丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样、丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。(CET-4)ThereisbeautifulnaturalsceneryeverywhereinLijiang,andmanyethnicalminoritiesprovidetouristswithagreatvarietyofculturalexperiences.6.珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。(CET-4)ThePearlRiver,anextensiveriversysteminsouthernChina,flowsthroughGuangzhouCity.ItistheChina’sthirdlongestriverwhichisonlyaftertheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver.7.长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。(CET-4)Flowingthroughmanydifferentecosystems,theYangtzeRiveristhehabitattoawholehostofendangeredspeciesandirrigatesonefifthofthelandinChina.8.中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山（rockworks）、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷（scroll）一般展现在面前。(CET-6)TheChinesegardenhasbecomealandscapeofauniquestyleafteranevolvementofmorethan3000years.Itincludesnotonlythelargegardensbuiltforroyalmemberstoenjoythemselves,butalsotheprivategardensbuiltforscholars,merchantsandretiredgovernmentworkerstogetridofthenoisyoutsideworld.Thesegardensconstituteaminiaturedesignedtoexpresstheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.AtypicalChinesegardenissurroundedbywalls.Inthegarden,thereareponds,rockworks,trees,flowersandallkindsofbuildingswhicharelinkedbywindingtrailsandcorridors.Wanderinginthegarden,peoplemayfeelthataseriesofwell-designedsceneryexhibititselfbeforeuslikealandscapescroll.三.科学教育类大一/大二/大三/大四：freshman/sophomore/junior/senior学士/硕士/博士：bachelor/master/doctor获得学位：obtain/receiveadegree文凭/证书：diploma/certificate学年：academicyear学期：term/semester学习成绩：academicrecord学习表现：academicperformance学分：credit毕业论文：thesis[本硕]dissertation[博士]文科/理科：arts/science本科生：undergraduate大学毕业生：college/universitygraduates研究生：postgraduate博士生：Ph.D.candidate幼儿园：kindergarten小学：primaryschool/elementaryschool中学：secondaryschool/highschool系/主修/辅修：department/major/minor教学设施：teachingfacility食堂：dininghall/canteen宿舍：dormitory选修课：elective/optionalcourse学费：tuitionfee教授/副教授/讲师：professor/associateprofessor/lecturer全体老师：faculty终身教育：lifelongeducation*素质教育：quality-orientededucation*应试教育：exam-orientededucation理论知识：theoreticalknowledge实践知识：practicalknowledge信息时代：informationage逃课：skipclass*德智体美劳全面发展：allarounddevelopmentofmoral,intellectual,physical,aestheticsandlaboreducation学习氛围：learningatmosphere激发兴趣：stimulateone’sinterest开发潜力：tapone’spotential学生减负：reducestudyload做兼职：workpart-time*自我约束：self-discipline自我训练：self-training代沟：generationgap*辍学/失学学生：schooldropout/leaver*课外活动：extracurricularactivity/after-schoolprogram学生会：students’association*研讨会：seminar考研：taketheGraduateSchoolAdmissionTest创业：start/buildone’sownbusiness出国/出国留：goabroad/studyabroad就业：get/findajob重点大学：keyuniversity招生：recruit(v.)/recruitment(n.)录取：enroll(v.)/enrollment(n.)申请入学：applyforadmissionto/into…高考：CollegeEntranceExamination/雇主/雇员：employer/employee职业培训：jobtraining奖学金：scholarship专门人才：professionalpersonnel创新：innovation经典模板句练习：1.通过阅读，人们能更好的学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作。(CET-4)。By/Throughreading,peoplecanbetterlearntobegrateful,responsibleandcooperative.2.美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。(CET-4)。TheAmericannetizensaremorelikelytobedrivenbypracticalneeds,usingtheInternetasatooltosendemails,buyandsellproducts,makeresearches,arrangetripsormakepayments.3.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。(CET-4)。China’sinnovationisdeveloping/flourishingatanunprecedentedspeed.4.中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习。(CET-4)。Chineseparentsusuallypaytoomuchattentiontotheirchildren’sstudy/thestudyoftheirchildren.四.政治经济类一千：onethousand一万：tenthousand百万：onemillion十亿：onebillion收益/成本/利润/花费：benefit/cost/profit/expense优等品/劣质品：superiorgoods/inferiorgoods风险/投资：risk/investment商品：commodity消费：consumption(n.)/consume(v.)折扣：discount发达的/发展中/欠发达：developed/developing/underdeveloped经济危机：economiccrisis*经济衰退：economicrecession经济萧条：economicdepression经济复苏：economicrecovery*货币贬值：devaluation*通货膨胀：inflation*顺差/逆差：favorablebalance/adversebalance*关税：tariff*债务减免：debtrelief*国内补贴：domesticsubsidy可持续发展：sustainabledevelopment私营企业：privateenterprise购买力：purchasingpower预算：budget*风险资本：venturecapital经济调节：economicregulation*技术密集型产业：technology-intensiveindustry*劳动密集型产业：labor-intensiveindustry出口/进口：export/import生产力：productivity零售/批发：retail/wholesale需求/供给：demand/supply满足需求：meettheneed实施/推行：implement/carryout强调：emphasize提倡：advocate号召：callon共同努力：jointeffort*集体的/个人的：collective/individual改善/增强/提高/推动：improve/enhance/boost/promote解决：tackle/dealwith/solve/address人力资源：humanresources就业机会：jobopportunity国家安全：nationalsecurity*边界谈判：boundarynegotiation核能：nuclearenergy*维持外交关系：maintaindiplomaticrelations*维护世界和平：safeguardworldpeace版权：copyright盗版：piracy基因芯片：geneticchip改革开放：reformandopening-up技术转让：technologytransfer航天技术：spacetechnology*尖端技术：state-of-the-arttechnology/cutting-edgedtechnology*改造传统：renovateconventionalindustries*建设国家创新体系：developanationalinnovationsystem工程中心：engineeringcenter*专利：patent*应用型科研机构：application-basedresearchinstitution*工业升级：industrialupgrade生物技术/生命科学：biotechnology/lifescience纳米技术：nanotechnology*网络犯罪：cybercrime网民：netizen教育公平：educationequality教育器材：educationequipment沿海城市：coastalcity占…比例：accountfor…percent*签署合同：signacontract消除贫困：eliminate/reduce/getridofpoverty环境保护：environmentalprotection污染预防：pollutionprevention污染控制：pollutioncontrol治理环境污染：curbenvironmentalpollution基本政策：basicpolicies*废水/废气：wastewater/wastegas*环境恶化：environmentaldegradation/deterioration城市的/城市化：urban/urbanization农村的：rural*开发可再生资源：developrenewableresources濒危野生动物：endangeredwildlife*机械/机械化：machinery/mechanization补充词汇：必修课：requiredcourse春节：theSpringFestival除夕：LunarNewYear’sEve中秋节：Mid-autumnFestival清明节：Tomb-sweepingFestival元宵节：LanternFestival端午节：DragonBoatFestival年夜饭：familyreuniondinner烟花/爆竹：fireworks/firecracker赏灯：viewthelanterns*拜年：payaNewYearcall豆类：bean经典模板句练习：1.中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。(CET-4)TheChinesegovernmentestablishedtheShenzhenSpecialEconomicZoneastheexperimentalplotforimplementationofsocialistmarketeconomy.2.仅在11月11日，中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递业（courier）在中国扩展就不足为奇了。(CET-4)JustonNov.11th,Chinesecustomersbought9billiondollarsofgoodsfromthebiggestonlineshoppingwebsite.SincetherearemanysuchspecialshoppingdaysinChina,itisnowonderthatcourierserviceshaveexpandedinChina.3.为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。(CET-4)Inordertopromotetheequalityineducation,Chinahasinvested36billionyuantoimprovetheeducationfacilitiesinruralareasandenhancetheruralcompulsoryeducationinthecentralandwesternregions.4.2011年3月日本人核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来。中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核电安全检查。(CET-4)AftertheJapanesenuclearpowerplant/stationaccidentinMarch,2011,thedevelopmentoftheChina’snuclearpowerstopped.Theapprovalofnewnuclearpowerplantswassuspended,andthenationwidenuclearenergysafetyinspectionstarted.5.早在使用机械和化肥之前，勤劳和富有创造性的中国农民就已经采用各种各样的方法来增加农作物产量。(CET-6)Longbeforetheuseofmachineryandfertilizers,industriousandcreativefarmershadalreadyuseddifferentkindsofmethodstoincreasecropyields.6.第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。(CET-6)Thesecondreportannouncessomeheatedareasinappliedscience,forinstance,3Dprintingandthestudyofartificialorgans.7.年均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年（millennium）发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。(CET-6)AnaverageannualGDPgrowthrateat10%makesover500millionpeoplegetridofpoverty.TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsoftheU.N.eitherhavebeenachievedorwillbeachievedsooninChina.Currently,the12thFive-YearPlanofChinaemphasizesthedevelopmentofserviceindustryandthesolutionstoenvironmentandtheimbalanceofsociety.8.这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气（exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。(CET-6)。Thisnewlyannouncedplanaimstoreducefourmajorpollutionsources,includingexhaustemissionsfromover5millionvehicles,theburningofcoalsinthesurroundingareas,thesandstormsandduststormsfromthenorthareasandthelocalconstructiondusts.9.教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并未外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。(CET-6)TheMinistryofEducationhasalsodecidedtoimprovethenutritionofstudentsinunderdevelopedareasandprovideequalopportunityforthechildrenofmigrantworkerstoreceiveeducationincities.10.中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。(CET-6)TheChinesegovernmentinvariablyadvocatestheideafordevelopment:“peoplearethemostimportantelement”andemphasizesthatoneshouldtakepublictransportationratherthandriveprivatecars.Italsocallsfortheconstructionofa“resource-savingandenvironment-friendly”society.11.在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。(CET-6)Inthenextfewyears,Chinawillincreasethenumberofpeopleinvocationalcollege.Exceptfocusingonthehighereducation,thegovernmentwillfindabreakthroughpointtoensurethejusticeofeducation.12.如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。(CET-6)Oncetheparentsdecidetosignupanafterschoolclassfortheirchildreninordertoincreasetheirchanceofbeingadmittedtoagoodschool,theywillsticktotheirdecision,eventhoughtheirchildrenhavenointerestinitatall.13.中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。(CET-6)Chineseuniversitiesandinstitutesareactivelydoinginnovativeresearches,coveringvariousfieldsofhightechnology,frombigdatatobiochemistry,andfromnewenergytorobots.（专四专八）听力必备词汇经济1.financialcrisis金融危机2.FederalReserve美联储3.realestate房地产4.share股票5.stockmarket股市6.shareholder股东7.macroeconomic宏观经济8.gounder

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bankrupt破产9.pensionfund养老基金10.governmentbond政府债券11.budget预算12.deficit赤字13.intellectualproperty知识产权14.opportunisticpractice投机行为15.entrepreneur企业家16.cookthebook做假帐17.fluctuate波动18.merger并购19.pickupinprice物价上涨20.monetarypolicy货币政策21.foreignexchange外汇22.quote报价23.contract合同24.floatingrate浮动利率25.venturecapital风险资本26.globalcorporation跨国公司27.consolidation兼并28.takeover收购29.onthehook被套住军事战争1.militaryoption军事解决途径动用武力2.escalatingtension逐步升级的局势3.militarycoupe军事政变4.forcedfromoffice被赶下台5.stepdown/aside下台6.onthebrinkofwar处于战争边缘7.heavyfighting激战8.genocide种族灭绝9.reliefeffort救济工作10.humanitarianaid人道主义援助11.endthebloodshed结束流血事件12.specialenvoy特使13.peace-keepingforces维和部队14.guerrillawar游击战争15.borderdispute边境争端16.armedconflict武装冲突17.reconciliation调解18.civilwar内战19.cruisemissile巡航导弹20.cometoaconclusion达成一致21.coalitionforces联合军队22.onhighalert处于高级戒备状态23.rebellion叛乱24.rebelforces叛军25.sensitive,hostage,kidnappedFrenchnationals被绑架的法国人26.rescue,releaseinvade,US-ledinvasion美国领导的入侵27.right-wingextremists右翼极端分子28.warringfactions交战各方29.topplethegovernment推翻政府30.suicidebombing自杀性袭击事件31.suspend停止32.resume继续33.coalitionparty联合政党34.post-warreconstruction战后重建35.pre-warintelligence战前情报36.radar，espionage谍报37.spyingactivity间谍行为38.electronicwarfare电子战争国际事务1.negotiations/delegate/delegation/summitn.峰会2.chartern.特许状，执照，宪章3.promotepeace促进和平4.boosteconomicco-op加强经济合作5.makeconcession/compromise作出妥协6.passa