【课件】Unit1Art+Discover+Useful+Structures人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Grammar动词不定式作表语Unit1ArtLead-in1.Perhapsthebest____tounderstandWesternartistolook

atthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.2.DuringtheMiddleAges,the_________ofWesternartwastoteach

peopleaboutChristianity.3.Inhiswork,Monet’s___was

toconvey

thelightandmovementinthescene…4._______________________wasnolongershowreality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,“Whatisart?”waypurposeaimWhattheyattemptedtodo

Readthesesentencesandfillintheblanksusingthecorrectwordsfromthetextonpages2and3.不定式:是一种非谓语动词。1.非谓语动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。3.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。不定式的定义:Presentation

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。动词不定式(短语)作表语主要表主动和表将来。基本形式：

to+动词原形其否定形式是:“not/nevertodo”/notdo动词不定式做表语主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoingPresentation1.结构

动词不定式可放在

be和become,sound,taste等__________后

面作表语，由“todo”构成。2.时态

动词不定式作表语时，如果不定式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系应使用__________如果是被动关系应该使用___________。例1：Hisgoalis_____________

(be)avolunteeratthelocalhospitalinthecomingholidays.例2：Hisgoalis______________(admit)intoPekingUniversitythissummer.动词不定式系动词tobecometobeadmitted

todotobedone动词不定式作表语1.主语通常是

suggestion,advice,proposal,aim,goal,purpose,plan,ambition,idea,intention,way,dream,duty,task,wish,hope等表示意向、打算、计划的词，一般用不定式作表语说明主语的内容。有时根据表达的需要，在作表语的不定式前，添加疑问代词/副词，包括what,who,how,when,where等,构成“疑问词+todo”作表语。例如：Theproblemwashowtobegin.Her

wish

is

to

be

a

teacher.Thedutyofsoldiersistodefendtheircountry.1）主语是表示意向、打算、计划等的词，如aim，purpose,wish,idea,task,plan，decision，choice，duty,dream,job等词时，常用不定式作表语。不定式作表语用法Presentation动词不定式(短语)作表语的用法1．表示目的Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowwhatisneeded.Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.Herdreamistomakeamovie.举办2022年冬季奥运会是我们国家巨大的荣幸。Tohostthe2022WinterOlympicsisagreathonorforourcountry.作主语判断下列不定式在句中作何成分2．表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。Youaretodieatninety­eight.Youmustspeakout，ifwearetoremainfriends.Thatexperiencewastochangehiswholelife.Presentation3.表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等Theyaretomarrynextweek.Childrenarenottosmoke.Youmustbepatientifyouaretosucceed.Youaretohaveaface-to-facetalkwiththem.PresentationSeveralproblemsremaintobesettled.5.动词不定式直接用在系动词seem,appear,remain,prove,turnout等之后，如：We

are

to

meet

at

the

station

at

there.(表约定）Howarewetoconvincehim?（表可能性）YouaretocomewhenIcall.（表命令）4.用于表达想法，约定，义务，命令，可能性，命运等。如：6.动词不定式在表语中表示

___。Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.

目的即时训练①Ourplanis______________________________.我们的计划是下周完成这项工作。②MyAmericanteacher________________________.我的美国老师即将离开中国。③Agreatdealis______________.还有许多事要做。④Thethingforustodois_________________________.我们要做的事情就是要接受挑战。⑤WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighis________________________.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。⑥FewpeopleIknowseem_____________________________________.(2018·浙江卷语法填空改编)在我认识的人中，似乎很少有人愿意或有时间做饭。tofinishtheworknextweekistoleaveChinasoonyettodotohavemuchdesireortimetocooktoacceptthechallengetoimprovemyEnglish即时训练①Todotwothingsatatimeis________(do)neither.②Ourworkis___________(serve)thepeople.③Itsgoalis____________(make)sureallchildrenhaveachanceforeducation.④OldTom’spresentjobis_________(sweep)streets.todoservingtomakesweeping动词不定式作表语和v-ing作表语的区别动词不定式和v-ing作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，若句子的主语为v-ing，则表语也应使用v-ing；

若主语为动词不定式，则表语也应使用动词不定式。Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.动词不定式和v-ing作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外:当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语。Herbestwishistoputhernewideasintopractice.若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing作表语。Myfavoritesportisswimming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.动词不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般不定式符to不能省略,但以下情况下可省略：1.all作主语其后的定语从句有do的某种形式时：

Allweneedtodoisliveeachdaywithhope.2.what引导的从句作主语时，从句中含有do的某种形式时：

WhatIwanttodoistakeaholidayrightaway.3.主语被only，first，one，least或形容词最高级修饰，其后的定语从句或短语中有do的某种形式时：

Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwasreadthenewspaper.运用*语法规则

1.Youknow，mygoalis___________(lose)150poundsinthecomingyear.2.Listen！Thesoundseems________________(come)fromthejungle.3.Theboywas_____________(blame)forwhathehaddone.4.Oneofthemostdamagingthingsaparentcoulddowas___________(punish)theirchildrenforpoormarks.5.Thepurposeofeducationis_____________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.6.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeen___________(make)plantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)7.Youappear___________________(travel)toquitealotofplacesaroundtheworld.8.Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto________________(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears，it’snotwithoutacost.(2018·浙江卷语法填空)9.Anotherwaytohideamessageis_________(use)symbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.10.Theonlythingthatinterestshimis_____________(dance).tolosetobecomingtoblametopunishtodeveloptomaketohavetravelledhavebecometousedancing（Grammar部分练习:2.补全句子）1.Youmustkeepitinmindthatyourworkis____________________.你必须牢记你的工作就是为人民服务。2.Whathehoped______________________________________.他希望能被这所大学录取。3.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreducestressis___________________________________________________.减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是跟你信任的人谈谈你的情感。4.Themostimportantthingaboutvloggingis_____________________.拍摄视频博客最重要的一点在于讲一个好故事。servingthepeoplewastobeadmittedintotheuniversitytotalkaboutyourfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrusttotellagoodstory1.Supposeyouare

（be）ajournalistforChinaDaily，doyouknowwhatkindsofjobstheyhave? 2.Youare

（reward）ifyouhavemadeabreakthrough.3.Throughmyyearsofschoollife，I’velearnedthatifweare_______

（make）adifferenceinlife，it’sofgreatimportancethatweshouldbeginwithsmallthings.4.Thestudentstrustherverymuch；asaresult，heradviceis________

（influence）theirdecisions. tobetoberewarded

tomake

toinfluence5.Themottoofthelittleboywhowassufferingfromamusclediseasewas_______(live)onedayatatime.6.Itisyou,includingyourcousin,that____________(blame)forthelossofthegoldenchance.7.Medicalexpertssaythemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofdiseaseisforpeople________(wash)theirhandswithsoapandwater.8.Thenextstepis________surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.tolivearetoblametowashtomake（Grammar部分练习:3.语法填空）AdamBraunestablishedtheorganizationPencilsofPromisein2008.Itsgoalis1.____________(make)sureallchildrenhaveachanceforeducation.Itallstartedwhenhewasacollegestudent.AdamBraunwasvisitingIndiawhen2.____________girlstoppedhimonthestreetandaskedformoney.Heaskedherwhatshedesired3.____________(much)ofallintheworld.Astonishingly，heranswerwas“apencil”.Thegirlhadneverbeentoschoolbefore，andthatwasthe4.____________(real)for57millionchildrenaroundtheworld.Aftergraduation，AdamBraunneverforgotthegirlandtheproblemof5.____________(her).tomakehersarealitymost（Grammar部分练习:3.语法填空）“Weliveinaworldinwhicheverysinglechildcanhaveaccess6.____________qualityeducation.SoIwasdeterminedtocreateschoolsinotherplaces7.____________childrenarehungryforeducation.”AdamBraunbegantoraisemoneyforhisprojectthroughsocialmedia.“Weareworkinghardtomakesurethattheprogramisnotjustbeautifulphotosandvideosofchildren，butthatwe’re8.____________(actual)seeingamazingresultsintheclassroom.That’swhyour9.____________(kid)inPencilsofPromiseschoolsprogressfastfromonegradetothenext,”

Braunsaid.Sincethen，it10.____________(help)morethan22，000childreninAfrica，AsiaandLatinAmerica.tohashelpedwherekidsactually1Ifyoureallywanttolearndriving,goingtoadrivingschoolmightbethebestchoice.(myadviceis.