情态动词与虚拟语气课件-2023届高考英语一轮复习

情态动词1.can与could四种常见用法能力；猜测、客观可能性：肯定句、疑问句、否定句请求与允许：疑问句中惊异、怀疑、不相信(常放疑问句中)Howcanitbe(that)sb.+V?can’t的三种含义：1）不能；表没能力2）不可能；表否定判断或猜测3）不可以；表禁止，语气弱于mustn’t2.may三种常见用法许可否定形式mustn’t---MightI…?---Yes,youmay/can.…No,youmustn’t./you’dbetternot.2)猜测、可能（不用于疑问句）否定形式maynot(意为“可能不”)3）祝愿（用于祈使句）3.will与would四种常见用法意愿→不乐意won’t/wouldn’t

物件不适用。如：Thedoorwon’tlock.

物件适用。如：100yuanwilldoformytrip.2）习惯，总是3）客观趋势、真理4）will表“临时起意”4.should五种常见用法1）现在或将来的义务、责任“应该、应当”2）猜测、推论“理该、按道理该。。。”3）虚拟条件句中，“万一”4）意外、惊喜、不可思议“竟然、居然”5）名词性从句中的虚拟（should）+动词原形6）委婉5.oughtto两种常见用法同should的1、2中用法。较正式。过去该做而未做oughttohavedone…=shouldhavedone…5.shall

的常见两种用法1）肯定句中对主语的命令、警告、威胁、强制、允诺；法令条纹制度规则2）疑问句中用于第一第三人称表征求对方意见或请求。ShallI/we/he/she/Tom/Rose/…dosth.?6.must的常见三种用法：1）义务、意图、建议否定形式：mustn’t禁止，不允许2）猜测“必定、肯定”否定形式：can’t不可能3)主张“偏要、非得要、一定要”条件句、疑问句中7.表请求、允许、允诺注意：人称与情态动词之间的呼应。表委婉的could/would/might，回答中恢复原形:can,will,may.常考点：41.Can(Could)/May(Might)/ShallIdosth.?2.Will(Would)/Can(Could)youdosth.?3.ShallI/we/he/she/they/Tom/Rose/theapplicantdosth.?过去不敢做某事:darednotdosth.didn’tdare(to)dosth.过去没必要做某事needn’tdosth.didn’tneedtodosth.Itwasnotnecessarytodosth.

过去不常做某事use(d)n’ttodosth.didn’tusetodosth.情态动词+have(been)done表对过去的虚拟。过去该做而未做用：shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone过去没必要做而做了用：needn’thavedone过去有可能做而未做用：mighthavedone/couldhavedone过去有能力或有可能做而未做用：couldhavedone过去本来打算做而未做用：would(liketo)havedone★如后but分句,分句中用一般过去时(时态)，表对过去事实的陈述。过去一定是做了某事musthavedonesth.过去可能做了某事肯定句中：may/mighthavedonesth.疑问句中:can/couldhavedonesth.过去不可能做了某事can’t/couldn’thavedonesth.shouldn’thavedone三层含义：过去该做而未做=oughttohavedone过去理该做了某事=oughttohavedone过去竟然做了某事1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.2.

定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。DefinitionSubjunctiveMood(虚拟语气）虚拟语气TypesIf型Should+V型wish类型时间If条件句主句were/V-edwould(could,might...)+have(been)donehaddonedid/were

shoulddoweretodo要点归纳：would(could,might...)+do(bedone)would(could,might...)+do(bedone)过去现在将来虚拟语气Practice:1.Ifhe___________(hurry),he_______________(catch)thetrainyesterday.2.Ifit__________(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeeting___________________(cancel)3.IfI________(be)you,I____________(work)harderatmylessons.4.IfI________(have)timenow,I___________(attend)themeeting.hadhurriedcouldhavecaughtwerewouldworkhadwouldattendrained/weretorain/shouldrainwouldbecancelled（1）时间错综虚拟句：当虚拟条件状语从句所表示的与主句表示的发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。“各自为政”

Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteachercarefullyyesterday,youcouldanswertheteacher'squestionnow.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)Ifyou______________(work)hardbefore,you____________acollegestudentnow.特例点津：hadstudiedwouldbe（2）虚拟语气的倒装：有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were/had/should+主语+...”。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldhavesucceed.Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldhavesucceeded.特例点津：Ifyouweretosucceed,youwouldbehappy.Wereyoutosucceed,youwouldbehappy.Wewouldnotgoclimbingifitshouldraintomorrow.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Wewouldnotgoclimbingshoulditraintomorrow.(3).含蓄虚拟句：有时if引导的虚拟条件从句，可用介词without或butfor引导的短语来代替。1.Ifthere

werenowater,fishcouldnotlive.Withoutwater,

fishcouldnotlive.2.Ifyouhadnothelpedme,Iwouldhavefailed.Without/butforyourhelp,

Iwouldhavefailed.3.Ifithadn’tbeenforthe

rain，wewouldhavefinishedthework.特例点津：=Butfor

therain，we...四个建议六个要求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,propose,recommenddemand,require,request,ask,desire,urge其后的宾语从句及其同根名词(order,advice,suggestion,proposal,requirement,etc)引导的主语，表语，同位语从句中谓语动词用(should)do虚拟语气2.Should+v型两个命令一个坚持1）在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句(即名词性从句）中。这种用法的词有：TIPST.orF.Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即should+do;Insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。FTFT虚拟语气wishasif/asthoughifonly+从句现在:

did（were）过去:

haddone未来:

would/could/might+V.(原)wish型（1）

1.IfonlyI_______(be)rich.2.IfonlyI________(take)thedoctor'sadvicethen.3.IfonlyI________(see)thebeautifulgirlagain.ifonly虚拟用法同wish:werehadtakencouldseewouldrather+sb.现在或未来:

did过去:

haddonewish型（2）Itis(high/about)timethat一般过去时should+动词原形此处should不省略wish型（3）典型句型（4）虚拟语气butfor+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise(否则)一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if…）,其后的句子与if型虚拟中主句用法一致。+句子would/could/might/should+V.(原)would/could/might/should+havedone与现在/将来相反与过去相反状语从句的虚拟sothat/inorderthat–C从句中用“情态动词can,could,may,might+动词原形”表达虚拟。incase,forfearthat从句中用“should+动词原形”表达虚拟。典型句型1.wouldrathersb.didsth.(表对现在、将来的虚拟)haddonesth.(表对过去的虚拟)Iwouldratheryou_________(nottell)methetruth.Iwon’thaveagoodsleeptonight.

2.otherwisecfbut句型：S+过去时，otherwiseS+would/might/…havedonesth.S+would/might/…havedonesth.,butS+过去时hadn’ttoldSubjunctivemood1.If

型2.Should+v型3.类似if型4.过完句型5.but,otherwise句型6.情态动词+have(been)done。。。。。。。。。省略if，were,had,should提前的倒装句混杂条件句(各自为准)butfor/without…+主句。1.一个坚持，两个命令，四个建议，六个要求。2.Itisnecessary/strange+that…wish/asif/ifonlywouldrather3.Itis(high/about)timethat…1.过去式2.过去完成3.would/could/might+v1.过去式2.过去完成过去式should（不省）+vinsistsuggestsumm