英语-介词-课件

什么是介词？它的作用是什么？02Hegoestoschoolbybike（名词）.04Thebookisonthedesk（名词）.Heisinterestedin

drawing（动名词）.0301Lookatme（代词).介词(preposition简写prep.)又称作前置词，通常位于名词或代词之前，表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系。什么是介词？它的作用是什么？02Hegoestosch1第五章介词Anita第五章介词Anita2介词的分类和成分作用表示时间的介词表示位置、方位的介词常用“一词多用”介词CONTENTS01020304其他用途的介词05介词的分类和成分作用表示时间的介词表示位置、方位的介词常用“3考点一介词的分类和成分作用PART01考点一PART014介词的分类简单介词短语介词合成介词in,on,at,for,by,from,about,with,since,after,before,ago,by,tillwithin,without,inside,outside,into,throughoutbecauseof,insteadof,lookforwardto,inspiteof,accordingto,owingto介词的分类简单介词短语介词合成介词in,on,at,f50102030405Fromthelibrarytotheteachingbuildingis5minutes’walk.主语Thebookisunderthedesk.表语Theyleaveinahurry.状语Theapplesonthetreetastegood.定语Ithinkeverythingoutofcontrol.补语介词短语的成分作用0102030405Fromthelibraryto6【例】Isawhimwalking________thestreet.

A.alongB.from

C.in

D.to【正确选项】A【考查内容】介词短语walkalong的用法【答题分析】结合句意“我看见他沿着大街走去。”介词短语walkalong表示“沿着……走”，在句子中作状语，可排除B、C、D三项，故选A项。【例】Isawhimwalking________7(

)①Theyfoundthemachine________abadstate.

A.inB.atC.onD.to

A即时巩固()①Theyfoundthemachine_8考点二常用“一词多用”介词PART02考点二PART02901020304inthecar①在……里面insummer②在……时候，后接年、月、季节in2hours③在……之后，后接时间段inChinese④用……（语言、材料）in01020304inthecar①在……里面insu10010203on

thefloor①在……上面onFriday②在……时候，后接日期、星期atextbookonthehistoryofChina③关于on010203onthefloor①在……上面onFr11010203athome①在……（后接小地点）at7o’clocka.m.②在……时候，后接时间点atalowprice③以……(后接速度、价格)at010203athome①在……（后接小地点）at712torunforexercise①为了……，表目的IoncetaughtMathfor2years.②因为，由于……，表原因tocryfor

pain③后接时间段，表动作持续的时间Ipaid$50forit.④以……价格(或支付)；交换；作为……的补偿）fortorunforexercise①为了……，表目的I13bytogobythebook①根据，依据……madeby

hand②通过……（方式、手段）by

bike③使用……（交通工具）Bebackbyteno’clock.④到……为止，在……以前ahousebyariver⑤在……附近，旁边Imetherbychance.⑥因为，由于……bytogobythebook①根据，依据……mad14from

noontomidnight①从……，后接时间tosufferfromacold

遭受，蒙受；经受；体验到(痛苦等)②从……，后接地点togofromLondontoParis③由于……，由……引起fromfromnoontomidnight①从……，后接时间15about5o’clockastoryaboutlove①大约②关于aboutabout5o’clockastoryabout162413with①和……一起Staywithme.②带着……，表伴随的一种状态enterwithconfidence③用……工具tostirwithaspoon④因为，由于……faintwithhunger饿得发晕2413with①和……一起Staywithme.②带着17【例】Theyfought________theirfreedom.

A.atB.in

C.forD.to【正确选项】C

【考查内容】介词for的用法

【答题分析】结合句意“他们为了自由而战。”

选项中只有介词for可以表示“为了……”，故选C项。

【例】Theyfought________their18

(

)①Iamsorry________whatIsaidtoyou.

A.atB.inC.forD.to

(

)②Sheissinging________morningtonight.

A.fromB.in

C.since

D.after

C即时巩固A

()①Iamsorry________what19考点三表示时间的介词PART03考点三PART0320介词用法练习at表示“在某一时刻”，通常放在时间点前①

at

noon/night②

inthe21stcentury③inwinter

④onJanuary1st

⑤in2018

⑥inJune⑦on

Friday

⑧inthe

morning⑨atseveno’clockon表示“在具体的某一天”in表示“在某个世纪、年、季节、月及泛指的上午、下午、晚上”1.

at,on,in的辨析介词用法练习at表示“在某一时刻”，通常放在时间点前①at211.Filltheblankswithproperpreposition.①

on

themorning

ofOctober1st

②

on

arainy

afternoon

③

on

anevening

withheavysnow

当morning、afternoon、evening被其他词所修饰，表示特指的某一天早、中、晚时，前面的介词应用on。1.Filltheblankswithproper222.Translation.①下周一我将要去上海。IwillgotoShanghainext

Monday.②你去年去了巴黎吗？DidyougotoParislast

year?当morning、afternoon、evening、Monday（星期）、January（月份）、year、week等名词前有this、that、last、next等词修饰时，其前面的介词通常省略。2.Translation.当mornin23介词用法for后面常接时间段，表示“一段时间；动作所持续的时间”，多与完成时连用；可用来回答“howlong”发起的提问in后面常接时间段，表示“在……之后”，用于将来时态；可用来回答“howsoon”发起的提问

since后面常接时间点，表示“自……以来（直到现在）”，多与完成时连用after后面常接时间点，表示“在……之后”，多用于过去时2.for,in,since,after的辨析介词用法for后面常接时间段，表示“一段时间；动作所持续的时242.for,in,since,after的辨析①­—Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher？

—（Ihavebeenateacher）For7years.②—Howsoonwillyoufinishthetask？

—（Iwillfinishthetask）Inabout2hours.③ShehasstudiedinEnglandsince2017.④Theystarteddancingafter3o’clockp.m.2.for,in,since,after的辨析①­—253.before,by,till,until的辨析介词用法举例before表示“在……以前”，用于完成时①He

said

he

had

finished

the

work

three

days

before.

②The

train

leaves

at

8

o’clock,

so

you’d

better

be

there

by

7:50.③The

park

is

open

till

/until5

p.m.by表示“在……以前，不迟于；到……为止”till/until表示“直到……为止”3.before,by,till,until的辨析介26ShewatchedTVtill

/untilhermothercameback.她看电视直到她母亲回来。（看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束）Shedidn’twatchTVuntilhermothercameback.直到她母亲回来她才（开始）看电视。（看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生）用于肯定句时，主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到……为止”；用于否定句时，一般使用until，意为“直到……（才）”。ShewatchedTVtill

/untilhe274.during,through的辨析介词用法举例during表示“在……期间，在特定的时间里”，其后的名词前要用定冠词或表示特定意义的代词。①What

did

you

do

during

the

winter

vacation?②Tim

treated（对待）

me

like

his

son

through

these

years.through表示“一直……，自始至终”4.during,through的辨析介词用法举例dur28【例】JayChou,thefamoussinger,wasborn______January,1979.

A.atB.onC.inD.to【正确选项】C【考查内容】时间介词in的用法【答题分析】月份前面用介词in，由表示月份的关键词January，可排除A、B、D三项，故选C项。【例】JayChou,thefamoussinger29

(

)①—WhenisHenry’sbirthdayparty,Lynn?

—________abouttwoo’clockintheafternoon.

A.InB.AtC.OnD.To

(

)②Shehasbeenill________severaldays.

A.forB.inC.sinceD.after

B即时巩固A

()①—WhenisHenry’sbirthda30(

)③Hehasn’theardfromhisson________lastwinter.

A.at B.in

C.since D.for

C即时巩固()③Hehasn’theardfromhis31考点四表示位置、方位的介词PART04考点四PART0432NorthWestSouthEastNorthWestSouthEast33oninto表示“A在B里面”表示“A和B相邻（接壤）”

表示“A和B不相邻（不接壤）”AliesintheeastofB.AliesonthewestofB.AliestothesouthofB.oninto表示“A在B里面”表示“A和B相邻（接壤）”34Beijingisin

thenorthofChina.

1.北京在中国的北部。KoreaisonthenortheastofChina.2.朝鲜在中国的东北面。JapanistotheeastofChina.3.日本位于中国的东边。BeijingisinthenorthofChi35in表示“在……”，后接较大的地点at表示“在……”，后接较小的地点①He

lives

at

No.27

Zhongshan

street

in

Wuhan.②I’llwaitforyouatthebusstop.in表示“在……”，后接较大的地点at表示“在……”，后接较36belowonunderaboveover①There

is

an

apple

on

the

table.②There

is

a

bridge

over

theChangjiang

river.③They

sat

under

a

big

appletree,

drinking.④Abirdflewaboveourheads.⑤Theshipdisappearedbelowthehorizon.belowonunderaboveover①There

i37bybesidenearnextto①Abankwasbuiltnearourschool.②Sitdownby/besideme.③Webothlookeddownatthenewspaperbesidehim.④Who’stheboystandingnexttoyou?bybesidenearnextto①Abankwas38betweenamongaroundoutside①WhatJackhaddonewasbeyondmycomprehension.②Heidentifiedhisbaggageamonghundredsofothers.③Therearemanytreesandflowersaroundthehouse.④Itfeelscoldoutside.⑤Go

insidethehouse.⑥ThisshipwentbetweenChinaandJapan.insidebeyondbetweenamongaroundoutside①What39infrontofinthefrontofbehind①Thereisacomputerinthefrontoftheclassroom.②Ariverflowsinfrontofthehouse.③Hesatbehindme.infrontofinthefrontofbe40alongacrossthrough①Isawthemrunningtogetheralongtheroadyesterday.②It'ssomuchsafertogetacrosstheroadwithtrafficlights.③Themoonlightpouredinthroughthewindow.alongacrossthrough①Isawthem41【例】Twoplanesareflying________thecity.

A.through

B.on

C.over

D.below【正确选项】C【考查内容】方位介词over的用法【答题分析】句意：两架飞机正在城市上方飞翔。through表示“穿过”，强调从内部穿过；

on表示“在……上面”，表面相互接触；over表示“在……正上方”，二者不接触；below表示“在……下方，低于……”，故选C项。【例】Twoplanesareflying_____42

(

)①Thestreetistoonarrowforthebustogo________.

A.throughB.acrossC.on

D.in

(

)②Doyouseethekite________thebuilding?

A.overB.across

C.on

D.above

B即时巩固D

()①Thestreetistoonarrow43(

)③Tomtoldmehisparentshadarrived________Beijing.

A.at B.on

C.in

D.to

即时巩固C()③Tomtoldmehisparentsh44Filltheblankswithproperprepositionsaccordingtothecontextsandpictures.1.

Heputthecomputeronthedesk.2.ImetMaryattheschoolgatethismorning.Filltheblankswithproperpr453.Thereisacatunderthetable.4.Hesawmanyhillsandriversbelow

theplane.5.Sheisholdinganumbrellaoverherhead.3.Thereisacatundertheta466.Anairplaneflewabovetheclouds.7.LilysatbetweenJackandTom.8.Amysmileshappilyamongthechildren.6.Anairplaneflewabovethe479.OurEnglishteacherisspeakinginthefrontoftheclassroom.10.Thereisayardinfrontofmywindow.11.Theywalkedacrosstheroadcarefully.9.OurEnglishteacherisspea4812.Thepathgoesthroughtheforest.13.Thestudentsstoodaround

theteacher.14.Myfamilyoftenhaveawalkalongtheriver.12.Thepathgoesthroughthe49考点五其他用途的介词PART05考点五PART0550介词用法举例except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可理解为“撇开……不谈”，表示两部分的不同。Theywereallthereexceptme.besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除……之外(还有)……”，表示两部分的相似性。Whatdidyoudotherebesidesfishing?exceptthat后常接句子，而非词或短语。Thisrestauranthasnothingtorecommendexceptthatit’scheap.exceptfor表示“除了……外；除去，撇开”，但它是在说明基本的情况后，再做细节上的补充。Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomeovercolouringhereandthere.介词用法举例except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了51介词用法举例in表示“用……”，后接表语言或材料的词汇CanyouspeakinEnglish?Shewroteinpencil.with表示“用……工具”，后接表工具的词汇，工具前必须加冠词或物主代词Pleasefillinthisformwithapen.by表示“用……”，强调工具或者手段（多用于交通工具），“by+交通工具”中间不能加冠词。Weusuallygotoschoolbybus.on多用于固定词组talkonthephone

，onfoot介词用法举例in表示“用……”，后接表语言或材料的词汇Can52介词用法举例bemadeof表示“由……制成”，从成品仍可看出原料Thischairismadeofwood.bemadefrom表示“由……制成”，从成品已看不出原料Paperismadefromwood.介词用法举例bemadeof表示“由……制成”，从成品仍53介词用法举例for表示“因为……”，词组：befamousforWuhanisfamousforitsdeliciousfood.from表示“由于……（外在的原因）”Theproblemsimplyresultedfromadifferenceofopinions.of表示“由于……（内在的原因）”Theoldwomanlaughedintotearsofhappiness.with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因Heshoutedloudlywithanger.介词用法举例for表示“因为……”，词组：befamous54介词用法举例like表示“像……一样；如同”HelookslikeFatherChristmas.他长得像圣诞老人。as表示“作为；以……的身份”Weselectedhimasourmonitor.我们选他作我们的班长。介词用法举例like表示“像……一样；如同”Helooks55介词用法举例against表示“反对”Areyoufororagainsttheplan?你支持还是反对这项计划?for与against相对，表示“赞同，支持”介词用法举例against表示“反对”Areyoufor56with的复合结构with+名词/代词+形容词She

came

into

the

room,

with

her

nose

red

because

of

cold.with+名词/代词+副词Theboystoodtherewithhisheaddown.with+名词/代词+介词短语The

teacher

entered

the

classroom

with

a

book

in

his

hand.with+名词/代词+非谓语动词Isatinmyroomforafewminuteswithmyeyesfixedontheceiling（天花板）.withwith+名词/代词+形容词She

came

in57【例】______lowercost,hisdesignhasmanyotheradvantages.

A.ExceptB.Beside

C.BesidesD.Exceptthat【正确选项】C【考查内容】介词besides的用法【答题分析】结合句意：“除成本低之外，他的设计还有许多其他的优点。”besides“除……外（还有）”，所搭配的宾语包含在论及事物之内。故选C项。【例】______lowercost,hisdesi58

(

)①Moststudentsgotoschooleveryday________SundayandSaturday.

A.exceptB.besideC.besidesD.exceptthat

(

)②—What’stheTVnews________?

—TheChineseTeamwonfivegoldmedalsatWorldTableTennisChampionships.

A.atB.acrossC.aboveD.about

A即时巩固D

()①Moststudentsgotoscho59

(

)③Nowadays,somemobilephonescantakephotos________acamera.

A.for

B.of

C.like D.as

(

)④Wethinkitimpolite________himtoasktheladyherage.

A.for

B.of

C.like D.as

CB

()③Nowadays,somemobileph60真题回顾真题回顾61

1.（2017·湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）

Itisagoodideatosendtheseclothesandbooks

________thechildreninpoorareas.

A.toB.byC.atD.for

A

1.（2017·湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）

Iti62

2.（2016·湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）

Don'tworry！Iwillbeback________aminute.

A．for

B.since

C.in

D.after

C

2.（2016·湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）

Don't633.（2015·湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）

ZhangMincouldn'tdrawmoney________theATMbecauseheforgotthepin.

A.fromB.toC.withD.forA3.（2015·湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）

Zhang64基础训练基础训练651.

Igotane-maillastnight.Itwas________myforeignfriend,Tony.A.inB.onC.atD.from2.

StephenoftenpracticesEnglish________chattingwithhisAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with3.

Mary’steacherwassomad________herbecauseshemadetoomanymistakesinthetest.A.atB.inC.onD.aboutDBA1.Igotane-maillastnight.664.

Maxalwayschatwithhisfriends________English.A.onB.inC.atD.for5.

Oh,it’syou,Jack!Yourvoicesoundsverydifferent________thephone.A.fromB.inC.ofD.on6.

Whentheschoolbuildingbegantoshake,theteachersrandownstairs_________allthestudents.Theteachersareheroesinmyheart.A.afterB.withC.sinceD.forBDA4.Maxalwayschatwithhisfr677.

________ateacher,Anitathinksthathermaindutyistohelpthestudentstobecomebetterlearners.A.ByB.AsC.AboutD.for8.

Thelittlegirlhelpedtheoldwoman_________theroad.A.aboveB.throughC.acrossD.over9.

Cocousuallygetsupearly_______themorning.A.onB.atC.inD.ofBCC7.________ateacher,Anitat6810.

Sallyisveryhappy.Thereisabigsmile_________herface.A.on B.to C.in D.at11.

_________myopinion,theexperiencesinone’schildhoodwillaffectitscharacter.A.To B.In C.For D.Among12.

TFboysarepopular________theteenagers.A.aroundB.betweenC.duringD.amongABD10.Sallyisveryhappy.There69能力提升能力提升701.

Thesuitfittedhimwe