2006年全国入学考试英语试题及参

2006年入学考试英语试题及参考答SectionIUseofThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation. homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalernmentcan’t 2.Tohelphomelesspeople independence,thefederalernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.5everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000tomillion.7thefiguremayvary,ystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8,oneofthefederalernment’sstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhas increasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofind thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers, notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday skillsneedtoturntheirlives BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless. EdwardBlotkowsk,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts, it,“Therehastobe ofprograms.What’sneedisapackage[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore[D][A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[D][A]in[B]for[C]with[D][A]raise[B]add[C]take[D][A]Generally[B]Almost[C]Hardly[D][A]cover[B]change[C]range[A]nowthat[B]although[C]provided[D]Except[A]predicts[B]disys[C]proves[A]Hence[B]But[C]Even[A]when[B]once[C]while[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[A]around[B]over[C]on[A]So[B]Since[C]AsSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAInspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofconsumption”launchedbythe19th--centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite.”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshopintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareother sforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation–language,homeownershipandThe1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign–bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethanU.S–bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian–Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotethatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,today’ssocialinducessuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablyAccordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thyedaroleinthespreadofpopularbecameintimateshopsforcommonsatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableoweditsemergencetothecultureofThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheareresistanttoexertagreatinfluenceonAmericanarehardlyathreattothecommonconstitutethemajorityoftheWhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraphToprovetheirpopularityaroundtheTorevealthepublic’sfearofTogiveexamplesofsuccessfulToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanIntheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyText2Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry-WilliamShakespeare-buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeare(RSC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheys,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC’sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.ThesightseerswhocomebybusandoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside–don’tusuallyseetheys,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirygoing.Itistheygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributetothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeare.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryho intownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownho there,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaveedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractive ele.Theycomeentirelyfortheys,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)–lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingnsandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.Fromthefirsttwoparas,welearnthetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’stheactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffthetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodthetownsfolkearnlittlefromItcanbeinferredfromPara3thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparatheygoersspendmoremoneythanthethesightseersdomoreshopthanthetheygoersgotonoothercesintownthantheBysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthatStratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionStratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialthetownisnotreallyshortofthetownsfolkusedtobepoorlyAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidyticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthe thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallythetheatreattendanceisontheFromthetextwecanconcludethattheissupportiveofbothfavorsthetownsfolk’stakesadetachedText3Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstronghappenedtothelargeanimals;theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived,thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceansthattheseasarebeingover-fishedhasbeenknownforyearswhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdenotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanesfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethenDr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative,onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimprovedToday’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusing litesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsagothatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincetobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnoise.Dr.MyersandDr.wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatesupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhattheumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedformafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodebusiness.31、TheextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthatA、largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironmentBsmallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappearedC、largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday.D、Slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones32、whocaninferformDrMyersandDrWorm’spaperAthestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%B、thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesaretherewere15yearsagoCthecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalDthenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisherishthanin33、Bysayingthesefiguresareconservativelineinparagragf-3DrwormmeansthatAfishingtechnologyhasimprovedBthencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthenrecordedC、themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterlossD、thedatecollectedsofararepitpfdate.34、DrMyersandotherresearchersholdthatA、peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertimeB、fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomassC、theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreditsoriginalD、peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation.35、Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’A、managementefficiencyBbiomassCcatch-sizeDtechnologicalManythingsmakepeoplethink sareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:s'onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelThiswasn'talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,sbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth'sdaffodilstoBaudelaire'sflowersofevil.Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit'snotasifearliertimesdidn'tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompleydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandli cy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda--tolureustoopenourwalletstomaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable."Celebrate!"commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Whatweforget--whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting--isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeoneto lusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It'samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthatPoetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingorArtgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativePoetstodayarelessskepticalofhavechangedtheirfocusofTheword“bummer”(Line5.paragraph5)mostprobablymeansA.religiousB.unpleasantC.entertainingD.Intheauthor’sopinion,emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyisacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralrecethechurchasamajorsourceofcreatesanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessWecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelievesA.Happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.B.Theanti-happyartisdistastefulbyC.MiseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthanD.Theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms40.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?AReligiononcefunctionedasareminderofBArtprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandCPeoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofDmassmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.PartBOnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind,homeofDavidWillianis,52,andofariverboatcasinolacewheregamblinggamesareyed.Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williamsastateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lastapproximay$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a“FunCard”,whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,theseactivities ewhathecalls“electronic”.(41),In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.Inmarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesyedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatlockedat5a.m,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.Inmarch1998,afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’sgamblers.ThecasinnoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima”ceaseadmissions”letternotingthe“medical/psychological”natureofproblemgamblingbehaviors,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothepatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas20signswarning,“enjoythefunandalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsa numberforcounselingfromthe naDepartmentofMentalHealth.NeverthelessWilliams’ssuitchargedthatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling”intentionallyworkedto“love”himtoinconductagainsthiswill”well. editionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofmentalDisorderssays“pathologicalgambling”involves,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlossofmoneythanofthethrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.(44),.Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsasalitydisordersskintophysicaldisabilitiesForty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependentonyoumightsayaddictedtorevenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedinpetitionforgambler’sdollarshas eintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcosineseveryweek,with$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghas,passed ographyastheweb’swebsmostprofitablebusiness.(A).Althoughnosuchevidencewasp,thecasino’smarketingdepartmenttopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoadusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.(B)Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.AndinwhatsensewashiswillBythetimehehadlost$5,00,hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit,onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocial,themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaistheernmentDavidWilliamdssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonit.Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionwhatearlier,sternergenerationsexinedasweaknessofwill.theanoymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespecailllyconductivetocompulsivebehavior.ButeveniftheernmentknewhowtomoreagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfor ngso?PartIsittruethattheAmericanin lectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergentoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitisthein lectualswhohaverejectedAmerican.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleofin lectual.Itisthey,notAmerican,whohave First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanin lectual?(46)IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic()wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemconsciously,articula y,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactualquestions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.(47)Hisfunctionisogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamatteraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoinlectuals---theaveragescientistforone.48)Ih