2023年初升高暑期话题阅读专练：研究（含解析）

第第页2023年初升高暑期话题阅读专练：研究（含解析）2023年初升高暑期话题阅读专练：研究

（共6题）

一、阅读理解题（共6题）

Whenyouaresittinginclass,haveyoueverdrawnpicturesinthemargins(页边的空白处)ofyournotebooksIfso,youaredoodling.Manypeoplethinkofdoodlingasadistraction(分心)frommoreimportantthings.Butitmightbejusttheopposite.Doodlingmighthelponefocusonwork.

Onestudyshowsthatdoodlingmayhelpyourememberthingsyouhear.In2023researchersaskedtwogroupsofpeopletolistentoaphonemessage.Onegroupwasencouragedtodoodle,buttheotherwasnot.Neithergroupknewthatitwouldbeaskedtorememberinformationfromthemessage.Butthegroupthatdoodledremembered29%more.

Otherpeoplehavesuggestedotherusesfordoodling.JessePrinz,aprofessorwhostudiesdoodling,saysitcanhelpyouthinkcreatively.Walkingawayfromaproblemtodrawmightactuallyhelpyousolveit.Whenyoucomeback,you'llhaveafreshperspective(观点)andfigureoutananswermorequickly.

AnauthornamedSunniBrownwroteabookondoodling.Shearguesthatdoodlingisatoolthatcanhelppeoplethink.Sheadmitsthatpeopleseedoodlingasdoingnothing,butshewantstochangethat.Infact,sherunsabusinessthathelpscompaniesimproveorganizationandplanningthroughdoodling.

Brownbelievesdoodlingishelpfulbecauseitincludesmanywaysoflearning.Youlearninfourways:seeing,hearing,readingorwriting,andthroughmovement.Themorewaysyouuse,thebetteryoulearn.Andwhenyoudoodlewhilelisteningtoalecture,youuseallfour.

Youmightthinkthatbeinggoodatdrawingisimportantfordoodling.Butifthepointofdoodlingistohelpyouthink,thenitdoesn'tmatterwhatthepicturelookslike.Evenifyou'renotanartist,doodlingcanhelpyou.Sonexttimeyouneedhelpfocusing,pickupapenanddoodleaway!

(1)WhichofthefollowingisTRUE

A．JessePrinzthinksdoodlingcanhelppeoplerememberbetter.

B．Brownbelievesdoodlinginvolvesfourwaysoflearning.

C．Onestudyshowsdoodlingisadistractionfrommoreimportantthings.

D．Manypeoplethinkthatdoodlingmaybegoodforyourlearningandthinking.

(2)Accordingtothepassage,whenyouhaveaproblem,youmightfindawaytosolveitby_____.

A．havingaconversationB．watchingamovie

C．drawinglinesorshapesD．wonderinginthepark

(3)Thewriterprobablyagrees_____.

A．doodlinghasdrawnmoreattention

B．doodlingneedsgooddrawingskill

C．doodlingdevelopone'spatience

D．doodlinghelpsonefocusattention

(4)What'sthepassagemainlyabout

A．Theproblems

ofdoodling.B．The

causesofdoodling.

C．Theadvantagesofdoodling.D．Thesideeffectsofdoodling.

DoyouhavegoodfriendsDoyousometimesfeelsoclosetothemthattheyarelikefamilytoyou

Itturnsoutthatthisisn'tjustanexpression.AstudybyYaleUniversityhasfoundthatyouandyourfriendshavemoregenes(基因)incommonthanstrangersdo.Researcherslookedatthegenesof1,932peopleandcomparedtheminpairsofunrelatedfriendsandstrangers.Theyfoundthatfriendshave1%ofgenesthatmatch.

"1%ofgenesmaynotsoundlikemuchtothelayperson(外行),buttogeneticists(遗传学家)itisalargernumber,"ProfessorNicholasChristakisofYaleUniversitytoldDiscoveryNews.Infact,thisisthesameamountofgenesyousharewithyourfourthcousins,thosewhohavethesamegreat-great-greatgrandparentsasyou.

SodoyouhappentobecomefriendswithpeoplewhoshareyourgenesNotatall.Infact,itisevolution(进化)thatbringsyoutogether.

Peoplewhosharecertaingenesalsoshareskillsandhavesimilarlikesanddislikes,researcherssaid.Inancienttimes,itwasimportantthatpeoplewhowerealikestayedtogether.Forexample,peoplewhohadasimilarsusceptibility(易感性)tothecoldweremorelikelytohelpeachotherbuildafire,givingthemabetterchancetostayalive.

Researchersalsofoundthatamongallthegenesstudied,thoseproducingachangeinsenseofsmellwerethemostsimilarinfriends.Thisisprobablybecausepeoplewhosmellthingsinthesamewayaremoreeasilydrawntosimilarenvironments.Forexample,peoplewholikethesmellofcoffeemayhangoutatcafes(咖啡馆)moreoftenandasaresultaremorelikelytomeetandbecomefriendswitheachother.

Withtheirfindings,theteamhasdevelopedaninterestingtestcalledthe"friendshipscore".Itcanhelptellhowbigthechancesarethattwopeoplewillbefriendsbystudyingtheirgenes.

So,hereisaquestionforyou:wouldyouliketotakethistestandknowinadvance(提前)whoyourfriendsaregoingtobe,orwouldyoustillprefertolearnaboutitbyyourselfandlettimebethejudge

(1)Fromthepassage,weknowthatfriends_____.

A．looklikeourcousinB．share1%ofgeneswithus

C．feelclosetoourfamilyD．canhelpuswhenwefeelcold

(2)Accordingtothepassage,thewriterprobablyagrees_____.

A．wedevelopourfriendshipbychance

B．ourgenesdecidewhowecanmakefriendswith

C．everyoneshouldtakethetestcalled"friendshipscore"

D．peoplesharingcertaingeneshaveskillsandinterestsincommon

(3)ThewritertakestheexampleofancientpeopleinParagraph5to_____.

A．studyhowancientpeopledealtwiththecold

B．predictthatsimilarenvironmentsleadtofriendship

C．provethatitisevolutionthatbringsfriendstogether

D．explainwhyancientpeoplegaveeachotherchancetokeepalive

(4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage

A．Friendship:ItsInfluenceonPeopleandBehavior

B．Friendship:ItsBenefitstoTeensandDecision-Making

C．Friendship:Isitnecessarytobejudgedbytime

D．Friendship:Isitpossibletobeinfluencedbygenes

阅读短文，完成后面题目。

HaveyoueverhadthestrangefeelingthatyouwerebeingwatchedYouturnedaround,andsureenough,someonewaslookingrightatyou!

Parapsychologists(超心理学家)saythathumanshavethenaturalabilitytosenseitwhensomeoneislookingatthem.Toresearchwhethersucha"sixthsense"reallyexists,RobertBaker,apsychologist(心理学家)attheUniversityofKentucky,didtwoexperiments.

Inthefirstone.Bakersatbehindunknowingpeopleinpublicplacesandstaredatthebackoftheirheadfor5to15minutes.Thesubjects(实验对象)wereeating,drinking,reading,studying,watchingTVorusingacomputer.Bakerwassurethatthepeoplecouldnottellthathewassittingbehindthemduringthoseperiods.Laterwhenhequestionedthesubjects,almostallofthemsaidtheyhadnosensethatsomeonewasstaringatthem.

Inthesecondexperiment,Bakertoldthesubjectsthattheywouldbestaredatfromtimetotimefrombehindinalaboratorysetting.Thepeoplehadtowritedownthetimewhentheyfelttheywerebeingstaredatandwhentheyfelttheyweren't.Bakerfoundthesubjectswerenobetterattellingwhentheywerestaredatandwhentheyweren't.

Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosenseitwhentheyarebeingstaredat.

Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,Bakersuggeststheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.

(1)What'sparapsychologists'opinion

(2)WhydidRobertBakerdothetwoexperiments

(3)Whatdidmostofthesubjectssayafterthefirstexperiment

(4)Werethesubjectstoldthattheywouldbestaredatinthesecondexperiment

(5)What'sBaker'sconclusion

AreyouhappymostofthetimeOrdoyoueasilygetangrysometimesEveryonehasadifferenttemperament(脾气).Itisusuallybelievedthatbothgenes(基因)andenvironmentmayinfluencepeople'stemperamentindifferentways.Scientistshavefoundthattheseasonofthebirthalsoplaysarole.

ScientistsfromBudapest,Hungary,Studied400universitystudents.Inthestudy,thestudentsneededtofinishsomequestionstoknowwhichoffourkindsoftemperamenttheymosthad.Fromthequestions.Scientistsfoundthatthestudentsalwaysansweredsomethinglike"mymoodoftenchangesfornoreason"and"Ilovetodealwithnewprojects,evenifitisrisky"theseanswerswerethenconnectedwiththeirbirthdays.

Theydiscoveredthatpeopleborninsummereasilychangebetweensadandhappymoodscomparedtopeopleborninwinter.Thosewhoalwaysfeelpositivearemostlyborninspringandsummer.

Thestudyalsofoundthatthoseborninfalllessprobablyhadamoodofdepressionwhichmayeasilydrivethemtocry,whilethoseinwinterwerenoteasiertobeangry.

Scientistssaidthatthiswasprobablybecausetheseasonshadaninfluenceoncertainchemicalsinthehumanbody.Andthechemicalsareimportanttocontrolpeople'smoodseveninadultlife."Itseemsthatwhenyouarebornmayincreaseordecreaseyourchangeofdevelopingcertainmood,disorders"scientistXeniaGondatoldtheTelegraph.

(1)()Agesprobablymayinfluencepeople'stemperamentsaccordingtotheParagraph1.

(2)()Theunderlinedtheword"depression"mostprobablymeanssadness.

(3)()Theanswerstothequestionsofthestudywerematchedwiththeirbirthdays.

(4)()Peopleborninwintergetsadorhappymoreeasily.

(5)()Thebesttitleofthispassageis"TheInfluenceofGenes".

Differentfromcommonbelief,bluelightmaynothaveastrongnegativeeffectaspeoplethought-accordingtothescientistsfromtheUniversityofManchester.

It'sknownthatourbodyclockmeasuresbrightnessthroughmelanopsin(黑素蛋白),aspecializedlightsensitiveproteinintheeye.Sotherehasbeenlotsofinterestinstudyingtheinfluenceoflightonthebodyclock.Researcherschangedthemake-upofshortandlongwavelengthlight,whichprovidedasmalldifferenceinbrightness,aswellaschangesincolor.Findingssuggestedbluelightmightbetroublesometooursleeppatterns.

Thenewresearch,however,usedadifferentmethod,sincethechangesincolormayopposethebenefitsfromreducingthebrightnesssignalsdetected(探测)bymelanopsin.Theteamusedspeciallydesignedlightingtochangecolorwithoutchangingbrightness.

Findingsofthenewresearchshowedthatbluecolorsproducedweakereffectsonthesubjects'bodyclockthanequallybrightyellowcolors."Ourrecognitionofcolorcomesfromtheretinalconecells(视网膜锥形细胞),andthebluecolorsignalstheysupplyreducetheinfluenceoflightonthebodyclock,"explainedtheleadresearcher."Theresearchshowsthecommonviewthatbluelighthasthestrongesteffectonthebodyclockismisguided."

Accordingtotheteam,usingdim(昏暗的),coolerlightsintheeveningandbrightwarmerlightsduringthedaymaybemorebeneficialtoensurehealthypatternsofsleep.Twilight(暮光)isbothdimmerandbluerthandaylightandthebodyclockusesbothofthosefeaturestodecideonthepropertimestobeasleepandawake.

Thefindingshaveimportantsuggestionsforthedesignoflightingandvisualdisplayswhichaimtopromotepeople'ssleeppatterns.Presenttechnologiesaremostlydesignedtolimitoureveningexposuretobluelightbychangingthescreencolorofmobiledevices.Thetechnology,however,maysendthebodyclockmixedmessages.Thisisbecausethesmallchangesinbrightnesstheyproducecomealongwithcolorsthatarecommonlyseenduringtheday.Sothere'smoreforthedesignerstotakeintoconsideration.

Settingourbodyclocksinlinewithoursocialandworkschedulescanbegoodforourhealth,andusingcolorcorrectlycouldbeawaytohelpusbetterachievethat.

(1)ThewritermentionsdifferentresearchmethodsinParagraph2and3to_____.

A．suggesthowthedataoftheresearchshouldbecollected

B．explainwhythefindingsoftheoldresearcharereasonable

C．discusspossiblewaysofstudyingtheinfluenceofbluelight

D．showtheprogressinthemethodsusedinthestudiesofbluelight

(2)Accordingtothenewfindings,whatshouldthedesignerstakeintoconsideration

A．Thechangesinbothcolorsandbrightness.

B．Theinfluenceofthedaylightonsleeppatterns.

C．Thesuggestionsontheproperuseofmobiledevices.

D．Thebalancebetweentechnologiesandthebodyclock.

(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthenewresearch

A．Bluelightcannotbeeasilydetectedbythebodyclock.

B．Bluelighthastheweakesteffectonpeople'sbodyclock.

C．Bluelightisnotasharmfultotheirsleeppatternsaspeoplethought.

D．Bluelightbenefitspeoplemoreintheirsleeppatternsthanyellowlight.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

DoesSuccessLieinaHighEQorIQ

MoststudentsfeelthattheirIQiswhatdetermines(决定)howwelltheyaregoingtodointheirlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetter,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshaveahigherIQandthatthereisnothingtheycandotodoaswell.However,newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplytheresultofahighIQ.

WhileyourIQshowshowintelligentyouare,yourEQshowshowwellyouuseyourintelligence.ProfessorSaloveywhoinventedthetermEQsuggeststhatsomeone'scharacter,whichisassessed(评定)throughEQtests,mightactuallyhaveamoreimportanteffectontheirfuturesuccessthantheirIQ.

ItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewithahighEQareopentonewideasandhaveapositiveattitudetowardslife.Theyarealsolesslikelytobetroubledbyproblems.

Peoplegenerallybelievethataperson'sIQisdeterminedatbirth.However,mostsocialscientistsagreethatEQhasalottodowitheducation.Somearetryingtostudythepossibilityofimprovingaperson'sEQ,especiallyintermsofpeopleskillssuchasunderstandingandcommunication.

ProfessorMayer,recognizedbymanypeopleasaleadingexpertinthestudyofchangestopeople'sEQ,recentlypublishedtheresultofastudyonseniorhighschoolstudents.Afterable-bodiedstudentswereintroducedtostudentswithdisabilities.Theyalsoshowedabetterunderstandingofthedisabledstudents'feelingscomparedtostudentswhowerenotinvolvedinthestudy.Therewasalsoanoticeablechangeinthedisabledstudents'attitudes.Theybecamemorepositiveaboutlifeandmorewillingtotrynewthings.

TheresultofthestudyshowsthatEQisimportant.Togetaheadandleadahappy,successfullifemeanstogetonwithotherpeopleandbeabletounderstandandrespondtothesituationsinthebestpossibleway.ThisrequiresahighEQ.Andthefactthatitmightbepossibletoraiseone'sEQmeansthatschoolsneedtomakesurethattheirstudentsarereceivingtheeducationtheyreallyneedandknowthattheirfutureisnotsolely(仅，只)determinedbytheirIQ.

(1)Accordingtothepassage,peoplewithahighEQ_____.

A．hatetryingnewthingsB．arenegativeaboutlife

C．aremoreunderstandingD．needtoimprovetheirIQ

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"respondto"inParagraph6probablymean

A．Trytorefuse.B．Showindifferenceto.

C．Helpotherstoexplain.D．Behaveinaparticularway.

(3)Accordingtothepassage,ProfessorMayerprobablyagreesthat_____.

A．studentswithalowerEQaremorecreativeandpositiveaboutlife

B．itispossiblefordisabledstudentstoimprovetheirEQ

C．itisdifficultforpeoplewithahighEQtosolveproblemsinthebestway

D．studentswithahigherIQaremorelikelytosucceedthanstudentswithahigherEQ

(4)Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage

A．TodiscussthemeaningofEQ.

B．Tostresst