ACT各单项介绍-ACT阅读-主旨题课件

一.主旨的定义主旨=主题（KW）+方向（正负感情色彩）+关系词（逻辑）一.主旨的定义主旨=主题（KW）一.主旨的定义Whyyoumaywondershouldspidersbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld.Theywoulddevourallourcrops,andkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.

一.主旨的定义WhyyoumaywondershoWeowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsect-eaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtousorourbelongings.Weowealottothebirdsand一.主旨的定义“主题”是这段话讲的事物（spiders）“方向”是该事物是好是坏（friends）“关系词”是维持或者改变方向的标志（Because、and和Moreover）。一.主旨的定义“主题”是这段话讲的事物（spiders）二.如何掌握主旨错误方法：匀速阅读，精读每个单词和句子正确方法：变速阅读，先慢后快二.如何掌握主旨错误方法：二.如何掌握主旨汉语族人的思维方式是“螺旋式”的，喜欢画龙点睛，“Savethebestforthelast”。英语族人的思维方式是“直线式”的，喜欢直入主题，“Saywhatyouwanttosay,thensaywhy”。70%-80%的英语段落都是首句是主题句二.如何掌握主旨汉语族人的思维方式是“螺旋式”的，喜欢画龙二.如何掌握主旨变速阅读：精读首句（把握首句的“主题”和“方向”）浏览全段（把握全段的“关系词”），二.如何掌握主旨变速阅读：二.如何掌握主旨

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentalimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;

二.如何掌握主旨Alltheseactivities二.如何掌握主旨andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsordiseasesinfuture.二.如何掌握主旨andthespreadofmon二.如何掌握主旨精读首句：主题是“environmentalimpacts”方向是“damaging”（负向）浏览全段关系词：Forexample及四个并列的分句维持着首句的方向。主旨：“环境影响是破坏性的”二.如何掌握主旨精读首句：二.如何掌握主旨Dramaissometimesseenasabranchofliterature

becauseplays，likeliterature,areoftenprintedinbookform.However,thereisanimportantdifferencebetweenthetwoforms.Unlikeanovel，aplayiswrittentobeperformed,andthescriptofaplayisnotafinishedwork；itisanoutlineforaperformance.二.如何掌握主旨Dramaissometimesse二.如何掌握主旨Thephysicalproductionoftheplay--thescenery,lighting，andcostumes--willaffecttheperformance,andsowilltheactors.Howtheactorsinterprettheirrolesgreatlyinfluencestheplay’seffectontheaudience.二.如何掌握主旨Thephysicalproducti二.如何掌握主旨精读首句：主题是“drama”和“literature”方向是“abranch”主旨是“戏剧与文学的相同点”因果关系词because和类比关系词like都是维持方向的。

二.如何掌握主旨精读首句：二.如何掌握主旨浏览全段：转折关系词：However和unlike说明方向发生了改变主旨：“戏剧与文学是不同的”。（第二句）二.如何掌握主旨浏览全段：二.如何掌握主旨Mother,whowantedtokeepher,alwaysthoughtsofherassomewildlittlebird,butIknewshewasahomingpigeon.Iknewthatatsomepointinherflightpath,soonerorlater,shewouldmakeaU-turn.Asortofhumanboomerang.二.如何掌握主旨Mother,whowantedto二.如何掌握主旨SoeventhoughIhadlongsincestoppedexpectingit,IwasnotsurprisedwhenIwalkeddownthegraveldrivetothemailbox,whichI’dpaintedpapayayellowtoattractgoodnews,andfoundtheflimsyenvelopewiththeDallaspostmark.二.如何掌握主旨SoeventhoughIhad主旨题1.内容性主旨题2.目的性主旨题主旨题1.内容性主旨题内容性主旨题如果文章有明显主题句，则对其作同义替换新老观点对比型：新观点为主题句现象解释型：正确解释为主题句问题解决型：正确的解决方法为主题句结论解释型：开头的结论为主题句内容性主旨题如果文章有明显主题句，则对其作同义替换内容性主旨题如果无明确的主题句，则使用三出现原则。1.KW必须出现2.细节不能出现3.新内容（文中未提到）不能出现内容性主旨题如果无明确的主题句，则使用三出现原则。新老观点对比型(468)Traditionally,manufacturershaven’thadto

worryaboutwhathappenstoaproductafteritleavestheirgates.Butthatisstartingtochange,thankstolawsnowinthewingsinEurope(andheadedfortheUnitedStates)thatwillrequirecompaniestotakebacktheirdurablegoodssuchasrefrigerators,washers,andcarsattheendoftheirusefullives.新老观点对比型(468)Traditionally,man新老观点对比型(468)InGermany,thetake-backlawsstartwiththeinitialsale.Companiesmusttakebackalltheirpackagingorhiremiddlementodotherecycling.Take-backlawsmeanthatmanufacturerswhohavebeensaying,“Thisproductcanberecycled,”mustnowsay,“Werecycleourproductsandpackaging.”新老观点对比型(468)InGermany,theta现象解释型(472)ResearchershavesuggestedmanyscenariosfortheMartianapocalypse.SomehaveproposedthatthesungraduallywhittledawayMars’atmospherewithitswindofchargedparticles.Othershavehypothesizedthattheplanetitselfabsorbedmostofitsatmosphere,turningcarbondioxideintocarbonaterocks.现象解释型(472)Researchershavesug现象解释型(472)Forthepastsevenyears,however,AnnVickeryandJayMelosh,twoplanetaryscientistsfromtheUniversityofArizona,havebeenexploringafarmorespectacularending:mostofMars’atmosphere,theysuggest,wasblastedawaybyasuccessionofasteroidsandcomets.现象解释型(472)Forthepastseveny结论解释型(186)Theremarkablethingaboutdinosaursisnotthattheybecameextinct,butthatthey

dominatedtheearthforsolong.Dinosaursheldswayfor100millionyearswhilemammals,allthewhile,livedassmallanimalsintheintersticesoftheirworld.After70millionyearsontop,wemammalshaveanexcelle