科技发展-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科技发展

题型主要内容

1阅读理解介绍了应用在北京2022年冬奥会上的高科技设备及给运动员带来的好处。

阅读理解

2介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了相关的太空育种

知识。

3阅读理解介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不同的人。

4阅读理解介绍了仿生眼研究的情况和其发展前景，这一切都是为了使盲人能够重新看

到世界。

5阅读还原5选5介绍了北京冬季奥运会使用的一些高科技。

01

（2022•广西•三模）TheBeijing2022WinterOlympicswerenotonlyasportingeventbutalsoashow

forscienceandtechnology.Hightechgear（设备）ishelpingathletesbecome"faster,higher,stronger”.Let's

lookatsome.

TheNationalSpeedSkatingOvalissaidtohave“thefastestice”,as12newOlympic

Thefastestrecordsandoneworldrecordweresetthere.Thesecretisnewice-makingtechnology.

iceLiquidcarbondioxide（液体二氧化碳）isputundertheicetokeeptemperaturechangeson

theicesurfaceinhalfadegree.Thatkeepstheiceflat.

Ineventslikefreestyleskiing,skijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthewindcan

“Seeing”haveabigeffectonanathlete'sperformance.AChineseresearchteamdevelopsasystem

thewindtomeasure（测量）wind.ThesystemusesAItechnology.Itallowsathletesandcoachesto

“see"windwithreal-timedataontheirpads,anddecidewhenandwheretojump.

AsCOVID-19canspreadthroughtheair,cleanairiskeytokeepingfans,workersand

Freshairathletessafeandhealthy.TheWinterOlympicsuselargeairpurifiers（净化器）tocatchand

killbacteriaintheairandmakesurethatclosedvenuesalwayshavefreshair.

SmartAwearablethermometer（温度计）canmeasurethebodytemperaturesoffansand

“Bandathletes.Peoplecanwearitontheirupperarmstomonitor（监测）theirtemperatureinreal

Aid”time.Itwillsendawarningifsomebody'sbodytemperaturegoeshigherthan37.3degrees.

1.Howmanykindsofnewhigh-techgearsarementionedinthispassage?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

2.Whicheventisn'taffectedbythedirectionandspeedofthewindaccordingtothispassage?

A.FreestyleskiingB.CurlingC.RunningD.Skijumping

3.Whatdoestheunlinedword-bacteria"mean?

A.昆虫B.细菌C.植物D.灰尘

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Hightechgear（设备）ishelpingathletesbecome"faster,higher,stronger^^.

B.Thesecretofsetting12newworldrecordsisanewice-makingtechnology.

C.WiththehelpofAItechnology,athletescan"see"thewind.

D.Thewearablethermometerwillsendawarningwhentemperatureishigherthan38.3degrees.

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Anewice-makingtechnologyhelpsathletesdobetter.

B.Largeairpurifierscanhelpfans,workersathleteskeephealthy.

C.Awearablethermometercanmeasurethebodytemperaturesofathletes.

D.High-techhelpathletesperformbetterattheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.

02

（2022•湖北武汉•二模）Chang'e5completeditstasksuccessfullyin23days,notonlydiditreturn

withvaluablerockandsoilsamplesfromthemoon,butalsobroughtbackagroupofseedsthattraveledthe

furthestinChina.Morethan30kindsofseeds,includingthatofrice,oatsetc.,wereplacedinsidetheChang'e

5spacecraftandwentaroundthemoonforabout15days.

Scientistswishedtocheckwhatwouldhappentotheseedsafterthetask.Thistaskofferedgood

opportunitiestoscientists,whichhelpedthemtodeepentheirstudiesontheeffectofcosmicrays（宇宙射

线）onthegrowthanddevelopmentoflifeonEarth.

Space-basedmutationbreeding（太空诱变育种）referstotheprocessofplacingseedsinthe

environmentsuchasmicrogravity（微重力），vacuums（真空）andcosmicradiation（宇宙辐射）duringa

spaceflightandthensendingthembacktoEarthforfurtherstudyandplanting.Scientistsstudyandexamine

severalgenerationsofplantsgrownfromseedswhichwentintothespaceandstudytheirchanges-someare

desirablewhileothersarebadandnegative.Thosewithgoodchangeswillbekeptforfurtherresearch,and

willbeintroducedtofarmersaftergettingpermission.

Spacebreeding（育种）canmaketheseedschangefasterthantheexperimentsontheearthandcanbring

aboutsomewonderfulresults.Comparedwiththetraditionalmethods,space-developedmethodscanmake

theseedsgrowmuchbetter,suchashavingshortergrowthperiodsandhavingmorepowertofightagainst

diseasesandinsect.

Chinadiditsfirstspacebreedingexperimentin1987,usingasatellitetocarryseedsintospace.Since

then,hundredsofkindsofseedsandseedlingshavetraveledwithdozensofChinesespaceships.Space

breedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutatedplantsinChinathathavebeenallowed

tobeplantedacrossthecountryfromgrainstovegetablesandfruits.

TheChang'e5broughtback15731gramsofmoon'srockandsoiltoEarth,showingahistoric

achievement44yearsafterthelastmoon'srockandsoilweretakenback.

6.WhyweretheseedsplacedinsideChang'e5?

A.Topickoutthebestseeds.

B.Tounderstandtheenvironmentofthespace.

C.Tostudythecosmicrays.

D.Toputtheminaspecialenvironment.

7.Theunderlinedword“desirable“inparagraph3isprobablyclosesttoinmeaning.

A.worseB.goodC.uselessD.correct

8.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Chang'e5flewaroundthemoonfbrabout23days.

B.Chinawasthefirsttodoaspacebreedingexperiment.

C.Itissometimesinceseedswerelasttakenintospace.

D.Spacebreedingisgoodforfarming.

9.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat.

A.spacebreedingisthebestwaytodeveloptheseeds

B.Chinaisthefirstcountrytodospacebreedingexperiment

C.Chinawillspendmoretimeandenergyonspacebreeding

D.Chang'e5spacecraftwillflytothemoonagain

10.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Chang'e5ReturnswithaBigPackage

B.Space-bredSeedsOfferGreatChances

C.PlantMutationsResultinaBetterLife

D.SeedsfromSpaceShowaNewHistory

03

（2022•河南省实验中学三模）Facial-recognitioncamerasareeverywhere-eveninyoursmartphone.

Manypeopleusethistechnologytounlocktheirphones,opendoors,ormakequickpayments.Butthereisa

problemduringtheepidemic（疫情）：everyonewearsmasks.Whataheadache!

Scientistsaretryingtosolvethisproblem.Forexample,EngineeringandTechnology（E&T）magazine

reportsthatHanwang,atechcompanyinBeijing,hasmadeanewsystem.Itcanrecognize（辨认）95%of

peoplewhentheywearmasks.

Whafsthesecret?It'sallaboutyoureyes.MariosSawidesfromCarnegieMellonUniversitystudies

facial-recognition.Aswegetolder,hesays,ourfaceschangeshape.Buttheareaaroundoureyesdoesn'tIt

staysthesame-evenifweputonweight.Aslongasthereareenoughdatafromtheareaofoureyes,the

camerascanrecognizeus.

Tech5isanotherfacial-recognitioncompany.TheSwisscompany'sproductsscan（扫描）theshapeof

yourface.Theyalsoscanyouriris,whichisthecoloredpartofyoureyes.Tech5hopestoignore（忽略）all

ofthefacebelowthenose.

Thiskindofsoftwareismoreimportantthanjustunlockingyourphone."Itcandiscovercriminals,even

whentheywearmasks,“saidHuangLeifromHanwang.Hanwang'stechnologyisusedbyChinesepolicein

placeslikesubwaystationsandairports.SimilartechnologyisusedbytheUnitedStatesAirForce.

Huangpointedoutonebigweakness:itfailswhenpeoplewearbothamaskandsunglasses.<4Inthis

situation,allofthekeyfacialinformationislost,,,LeisaidtoE&T.

根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。

11.Atpresent,whatcanfacial-recognitiontechnologybeusedfor?

A.Takingphotos.B.Shuttingdoors.C.Payingforthings.D.Lockingsmartphones.

12.Whichofthefollowingisapictureofamask?

A.自BO。后戈

13.Whatistheproblemwiththistechnologyduringtheepidemic?

A.Itdoesn'tworkwhenpeoplewearmasks.B.Itcausestroubletopeople'sfaces.

C.Itbringspeopleheadachesallthetime.D.Itgivespersonalinformationtothebad.

14.Whyareeyesthekeytosolvingrecognitionproblems?

A.Becauseeyesnevergetold.

B.Becauseeyeshavebrightcolors.

C.Becausetheareaaroundoureyesdoesn'tchange.

D.Becauseeyescanstorethepeople'skeyinformation.

15.What'sthebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.Itisallabouteyes.B.Itisasafeway.

C.Facialinformationisimportant.D.Facial-recognitionisarisk.

04

Therearemillionsofpeoplethroughouttheworldwhoareeitherbornblindorhavebecomeblindover

thecourseoftheirlifetime.Itisunfairtotakeawaythevisual（视觉的）beautyoftheworldfromthesepeople.

DoctorHumayunhascreatedtheworld'sfirstbionic（仿生学的）eyethatcouldchangethelifeofeveryblind

peopleintheworld.

DoctorMarkHumayunisawellrespectedprofessorattheDohenyEyeInstituteCalifornia.Hehasbeen

workingforyearsoncreatingabioniceyethatwouldallowblindpeopletoseeimagesjustlikeanormal

persondoes.Thebioniceyeisactuallyaneyethathasbeenbuiltinasmallvideocamera.

Thetestresultsshowthebioniceyehasgivenblindpatientstheamazingabilitytoseethescientists

doingthetests.Buttheimagesarestillblurry（模糊的）andweneedmuchworkbeforetheeyeactually

becomesaregularimp山nt（植入物）intoblindpeople.Humayunbelievesthathecangointoproductionwith

thebioniceyeoverthenextthreetofiveyears.

Acloserlookatthebioniceyeisamazing.Thepatientwearsaspecialsetofeyeglasses.Allthesignals

arepassedtotheimplantedeye.It'sdonebywirelesstechnology.Humayunhascreatedaninventionthat

couldchangethelivesofmillionsofpeople.Imagineaworldinwhichsomeonewouldnolongerhaveto

fearaboutbeingblind.Thiscouldbeconsideredatechnologicalachievement.

16.Thewriterthinksthelifeofblindpeopleisforthem.

A.easyB.unfairC.busyD.different

17.DoctorMarkHumayuniswellrespectedbecause

A.hehasbeenworkingonasmallvideocameraB.heisaprofessorofafamousuniversity

C.heinventedavideocamerafortheblindD.hedevotedhimselftomakingtheblindseeagain

18.ThebioniceyecreatedbyMarkHumayunatpresent

A.canhelptheblindtoseethepeopledoingthetestsB.hasbeenatotalsuccessduringtheuse

C.canbeplantedintotheblindpeople'seyeD.looksmuchlikethenormalpeople'seye

19.ItwilltakeDoctorMarkHumayuntoproducethebioniceyeinlargenumbers.

A.morethaneightyearsB.morethanfiveyears

C.threetofiveyearsD.lessthanthreeyears

20.Thispassagemainlytellsus

A.thelifeofblindpeoplehaschangedB.MarkHumayunbecomesfamous

C.therewillbenoblindinthefutureD.atechnologicalstudyfortheblind

05

（2022•辽宁鞍山•中考真题）阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选择合适的句子还原到短文中，使短文意

思通顺、结构完整。

TheBeijing2022WinterOlympicGamesweremorethanasportingevent.21Theyare

helpingathletes（运动员）become"faster,higher,stronger“andofferingyouagreatgame-watching

experiencewiththesupportof5G.LefslookatsometechnologiesbehindtheBeijing2022WinterOlympic

Games.TheNationalSpeedSkatingOval（国家速滑馆）issaidtohave“thefastestice”，astwelvenew

Olympicrecordsandoneworldrecordweresetthere,includingChinesespeedskaterGaoTingyu'sOlympic

recordof34.32secondsinthemen's500meters.

22Iftheicesurfacetemperaturedoesn'tchangemuch,theicewillstayevenflatter（平滑

的）.Liquidcarbondioxide（液体二氧化碳）isputundertheicetokeepthetemperaturechangesonthe

icesurfacewithinhalfadegree.23

Ineventslikefreestyleskiingandskijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthewindcanhaveagreat

influenceonanathlete'sperformance.Someeventsonlylastafewsecondsandthewindischangingallthe

time.AresearchteamfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences（中国科学院）developedasystemtomeasure

wind.24Itallowsathletesandcoachesto"see"winddirectlywithreal-timedata（数据）ontheir

pads（便携式电脑）anddecidewhenandwheretojump.

Duringthespeedskatingrace,athletescanreachspeedsofupto18meterspersecond.Tocatchevery

excitingmomentofthecompetition,wehaveusedLieBaofortheevent.LieBaoisa4Khigh-definition（高

清）camerasystemdevelopedbyChinaMedia（媒体的）Group.25Itcloselyfollowstheathletes9

movementsandcatchesdifferentscenesduringspeedskating,accordingtothereport.

A.ThesystemusesAItechnology.

B.Theywerealsoashowforscienceandtechnology.

C.Thesecretisanewice-makingtechnology.

D.Itcanrecordspeedsofupto25meterspersecond.

E.Thatkeepstheiceaflatsurfaceanditiseasiertoskateon.

参考答案：

1.D2.C3.B4.D5.D

【导语】本文主要介绍了应用在北京2022年冬奥会上的高科技设备及给运动员带来的好处。

1.细节理解题。根据表格中的四个小标题可知，共介绍了四种高科技设备。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据"Ineventslikefreestyleskiing,skijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthewindcan

haveabigeffectonanathlete'sperfdrmance.”可知"Freestyleskikig"和“Skijumping”是受风向和风速影

响的。剩余两项“冰壶”和“跑步”结合常识可判断冬奥会项目“冰壶”也会受影响。故选C。

3.词义猜测题。根据"AsCOVID-19canspreadthroughtheair,cleanairiskeytokeepingfans,workers

andathletessafeandhealthy.”结合前面搭配的动词"kill”可猜测，此处“bacteria''是"细菌”的含义。故选

Bo

4.细节理解题°根据“Itwillsendawarningifsomebody'sbodytemperaturegoeshigherthan37.3degrees??

可知，体温超过37.3度就会报警。故选D。

5.最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了高科技设备应用在冬奥会中对运动员的影响，

因此D选项“High・techhelpathletesperformbetterattheBeijing2022WinterOlympics”可作为本文标

题。故选D。

6.D7.B8.D9.C10.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了

相关的太空育种知识。

6.细节理解题。根据“Space-basedmutationbreeding（太空诱变育种）referstotheprocessofplacingseeds

intheenvironmentsuchasmicrogravity（微重力）,vacuums（真空）andcosmicradiation（宇宙辐射）during

aspaceflightandthensendingthembacktoEarthforfurtherstudyandplanting.“可知，科学家们希望进

行太空诱变育种。所以是将种子放置在特殊的环境中，故选D。

7.词义猜测题。根据“studytheirchanges-somearedesirablewhileothersarebadandnegative.“可知，

而另一些是坏的和消极的，所以这些是好的，划线单词意思与good同义“好的”，故选B。

8.细节理解题o根据“Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutatedplantsin

Chinathathavebeenallowedtobeplantedacrossthecountryfromgrainstovegetablesandfhiits.“可知，

太空养殖有利于农业。故选D。

9.推理判断题。根据“Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutatedplantsin

Chinathathavebeenallowedtobeplantedacrossthecountryfromgrainstovegetablesandfhiits.“可知，

太空养殖有利于农业。中国将在太空育种上投入更多的时间和精力。故选C。

10.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了相关的太空

育种知识，选项B”太空培育的种子提供了很好的机会”符合语境，故选B。

11.C12.C13.A14.C15.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不

同的人。

11.细节理国军题o根据文中“Manypeopleusethistechnologytounlocktheirphones,opendoors,ormake

quickpayments.”可知，目前，人脸识别技术可以用于买东西付款。故选C。

12.词句猜测题。根据前句“Butthereisaproblemduringtheepidemic（疫情）”可猜测出，后句应是：

每个人都戴着口罩，故下划线单词“masks”的意思应是“口罩”，结合图画可知，应是C项。故选C。

13.推理判断题。根据文中“Butthereisaproblemduringtheepidemic（疫情）：everyonewearsmasks.

Whataheadache!”可推理出，在疫情期间，当人们戴口罩时，这项技术不起作用了。故选A。

14.细节理解题。根据文中“Aswegetolder,hesays,ourfaceschangeshape.Buttheareaaroundoureyes

doesn't.Itstaysthesame-evenifweputonweight.Aslongasthereareenoughdatafromtheareaofour

eyes,thecamerascanrecognizeus.”可知，眼睛是解决识别问题的关键是因为我们眼睛周围的区域不

会改变。故选c。

15.最佳标题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来

识别不同的人。故文章的最佳标题应是“关于眼睛的面部识别软件”。故选A。

16.B17.D18.A19.C20.D

【导语】本文介绍了仿生眼研究的情况和其发展前景，这一切都是为了使盲人能够重新看到世界。

16.细节理解题。根据"Itisunfairtotakeawaythevisual（视觉的）beautyoftheworldfromthesepeople?）

可知作者认为对盲人来说看不到美丽的世界是不公平的。故