雅思小作文图表写作技巧课件

小作文各图写作技巧1A小作文各图写作技巧1A派图介绍单派双派多派2A派图介绍单派2A派图的写作技巧图中找类别按类分段3A派图的写作技巧图中找类别3A派图的重难点◎如何准确把握图中的信息◎如何正确转述图中的信息◎如何灵活运用词汇、短语、句型，避免用词单一、句式表达雷同◎如何精炼语言，避免赘述、啰嗦，避免给评卷人套模板的印象4A派图的重难点◎如何准确把握图中的信息4A2.13派图词汇基础之占据RepresentOccupyStandforAccountfor5A2.13派图词汇基础之占据Represent5A2.16派图的常用句型◎“占”：accountfor,hold,makeup,takeup,constitute,comprise,represent...◎百分比：percentage，proportion,share...◎“约”：themajorityof,mostof,aconsiderablenumberof,aminorityof,justover…,slightlymorethan…/lessthan…,nearlyhalf…◎确切数字(1)分数与百分比的转化：onethird,twofifths(2)常见表达：aquarter,ahalf...6A2.16派图的常用句型◎“占”：accountfor,Eg1:整体+局部ThefollowingtwopiechartsillustratetheenergyuseintheU.S.A.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationgiveninthepiechartsbelow.7AEg1:整体+局部Thefollowingtwopi8A8AP1ThefollowingtwopiechartsillustratetheenergyuseintheU.S.A.ThetwographsdescribethedataoftheenergyuseandtheresidentialenergyuseindetailintheUnitedStates.9AP1ThefollowingtwopiechartsP2Itcanbeseenfromthefirstpiechartthattheenergyisusedforfourpurposes.Specifically,industryaccountsforthelargestproportion(41%)oftheusedenergywhiledemandoftransportationmakesup26%ofthetotalneedofenergy.Residentialandcommercialrepresent19%and14%respectively.10AP2ItcanbeseenfromthefirsP3Accordingtothesecondpiechart,itclearlyshowsthatheatingandairconditioningaccountforthelargestproportion(62%)intheresidentialenergyusewhilethesmallappliancesmakesuptheleastproportion(10%).Theheatingwaterandmiscellaneous(includingcooking)constitutes15%and13%respectively.11AP3AccordingtothesecondpieP4Fromthechart,wemayhaveabasicunderstandingofthesituationofenergyuseintheUnitedStates.12AP4Fromthechart,wemayhave线图审图技巧趋势描述速度描述极点交点起点重点的描述线图的写作技巧趋势描述多样化线图解析13A线图审图技巧趋势描述线图的写作技巧趋势描述多样化线图解析1线图的重难点交点难掌控图内对比看不出14A线图的重难点14A线图的常用句型先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳对峰值和低谷的描述趋势相同描述对未来的表述对波动的描述

15A线图的常用句型先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳1.Accordingtothedata,theyearsfrom…to…saw/witnessarise/climb/dropinthenumber/rate/percentage/proportionof对象from数据to数据，whichwasfollowedbyarapiddecrease/reduce/increaseoverthe...years16A先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳1.Accor2.Thenumber/rate…dropped/wentupagain

from…inXXXyearto…inXXXyearandthenwentup/climbedgraduallyuntilXXXyear,whentherewasalevelingoff/levelingoutat数据for一段时间17A2.Thenumber/rate…dropped/wen1.AlsoitcanbenoticedthatinXXXyear,thenumber/percentage…reachedthebottom.However/onthecontrary,XXXyear

sawthepeakduringthisperiod.2.……时间点，whenthenumber/percentage

reached(amountedto)toapeakof…/ahighpointat…3.……时间点,whenthenumber/percentage

bottomedout(at…)对峰值和低谷的描述

18A1.AlsoitcanbenoticedthatTheproportion/numberof对象inthexxandxxaresimilarandfollowthesametrend.InXXthefigureswerexx%andxx%respectively,risingtoxx%andxx%respectivelyinXXX,afterdippingtoxx%andxx%respectivelyinXXX.Thereafter...趋势相同描述19ATheproportion/numberof对象in对未来的表述…isprojectedto……asto…isexpectedto……asfor…isforecastedto………isestimatedto…20A对未来的表述…isprojectedto……asto对波动的描述ascanbeseenfromthegraph,thetwocurvesshowthefluctuationof………fluctuateddramaticallybetweenxx%andxx%during…period.21A对波动的描述ascanbeseenfromthe柱图审图技巧◎关键是“比较”&“对比”——找出similarity&difference既要横向总结所有柱状图的共性特征，又要分别描写各个柱形的个性特征22A柱图审图技巧◎关键是“比较”&“对比”22A柱图的写作技巧◎单柱如果是以时间为横轴的话，就写一下趋势如果是以组为横轴，则直接写。

◎多柱如果数据比较多，就取几个最大或者最小的就行，也就是说在比较的过程中想要拿到想要的结果就要找对比鲜明的那一对。把对比最鲜明的几个柱子描述清楚，其他的可以一带而过。23A柱图的写作技巧◎单柱23A柱形图的常用句型Thebarchartillustratesthat...Accordingtothebarchart,...Fromthebarchart,wecanseeclearlythat...Itisclear/apparentfromthechartthat...Thebarchartdepicts描述(that)....thebarchartleadsustotheconclusion结论that...24A柱形图的常用句型ThebarchartillustraThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.25AThegraphbelowshowsthediffP1ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.题目Thebargraphshowsthechangingpatterns

incommutingbytrain,car,tubeorbusforcommutersinoneEuropeancityintheyears1960,1980and2000.26AP1ThegraphbelowshowsthediP2Thenumberofpeopleusingtrainsatfirstrose

fromjustunder20%in1960

toabout26%in1980,butthenfellbacktoabout23%in

2000.27AP2ThenumberofpeopleusingtP3Useofthetubewasrelativelystable,

falling

fromaround27%ofcommutersin1960

to22%in1980,butclimbingbackto

reach25%by2000.28AP3UseofthetubewasrelativeP4Ontheotherhand,theuseofcarsincreasedsteadily

fromjustover5%in1960to23%in1980,reachingalmost40%by2000,whereasthepopularityofbuseshasdeclinedsince1960,fallingfromjustunder35%in1960

to27%

in1980andonly15%in2000.29AP4Ontheotherhand,theuseoP5Thegraphindicatesthegrowinguseofcarsforcommutingtoworkbetween1960-2000,andthecontinueddeclineinthepopularityofbusesfrombeingthemostpopularmodeoftransportin1960totheleastpopularin2000.30AP5Thegraphindicatesthegrow表格图审图技巧1.有时间因素表格：按照时间顺序，转化为更为明了的线图2.有地域因素表格：注意横向比较，并根据数值大小对数据进行分类，再抽取较大或较小的典型值进行说明3.包含其他因素的表格：分别观察各标准在图表中呈现的特征，然后分别说明31A表格图审图技巧1.有时间因素表格：31A表格图的写作技巧1.快速浏览题目中的文字信息，重点关注研究对象、数据类型和时间，明确在主体段的写作中要注意数据类型的变化和时态一致问题2.看题目中的表格图形，看图形时也要先看文字说明，包括标题、标注和单位，弄懂数据所代表的信息，而非数据本身筛选信息，圈定关键数据整理写作顺序32A表格图的写作技巧1.快速浏览题目中的文字信息，重点关注研表格图的重难点1.数据繁多而且凌乱，找不出很明显的特征2.如何用适当的顺序、结构和衔接方式把表格中体现的特征条理清晰地传达出来3.写的时候如何不遗漏信息33A表格图的重难点1.数据繁多而且凌乱，找不出很明显的特征3334A34AP1Thetabledemonstratesthedataregardingthesubwaysysteminsixcities,includingdateopened,kilometersofrouteandpassengersperyear(inmillions)35AP1ThetabledemonstratesthedP2Intermsofdateopened,Londonhasthemosttime-honored(1863)subwaysystemamongthesixcitieswhilesubwaysysteminLosAngelesisthenewestoneopenedin2001.（最老，最新）SystemsinParisandTokyoareopenedin1900and1927,respectively.时间顺序Afterthat,systemsinWashingtonDCandKyotoareopenedin1976and1981differently.36AP2Intermsofdateopened,LonAsforthesizeoftherailwaysystem,Londonstillranksthefirst,meaningithasthelongestsubwaysystem(384kilometers)amongthesixcities,whichisroughlytwiceaslargeasthesysteminParis.（最长）Bycontrast,subwaysysteminKyotoisshorter(11kilometers)thantheotherseventhoughitopenedinrelativelyrecentyear.（最短）ThekilometersofrouteinTokyo,WashingtonDCandLosAngelesare155,126and28differently.37AAsforthesizeoftherailwayThethirdpartispassengersperyearinmillions.Moreexactly,thetopthreeareTokyo(1927),Paris(1191)andLondon(775).UndergroundrailwaysysteminWashingtonDC’shas144millionspassengersperyear.SystemsinLosAngeles’sandKyoto’scarryfewerpassengersperyear(50and45,respectively).38AThethirdpartispassengerspThus,itcanbeclearlyseenfromthetablethatthesubwaysystemsinTokyoandParisservesformorepassengers

whereasthesystemsinLosAngelesandKyotocarryfewerpassengersmainlybecauseoftheshortroute.39AThus,itcanbeclearlyseenf对于不同时间同一事物的比较先相减/相加，后分组哪些是增加，哪些是减少幅度大的与幅度小的分组40A对于不同时间同一事物的比较先相减/相加，后分组40AThetablebelowgivesinformationaboutchangesinmodesoftravelinEnglandbetween1985and2000.剑6P5241AThetablebelowgivesinformat增加的Car,Longdistancebus,Train,Taxi幅度大的Car+1607减少的Walking,Bicycle,Localbus幅度大的Localbus-15542A增加的Car,Longdistancebus,TP1ThetabledemonstrateshowdifferentmodesoftravelchangedinEnglandin15yearsspanningfrom1985to2000.Ingeneral,themodesareclassifiedintotwokinds

intermsofaveragemilestravelledperpersonperyear:oneenjoyedrisingpopularitywhiletheotherdecreasing.43AP1ThetabledemonstrateshowdP2Thetravelmodeswhichgainedpopularityintheperiodincludedcars,longdistancebuses,trains,taxisandothers.Carsremainedtopamongthemodesinthe15years,withitsaveragemilesincreasingconsiderably

from3,199in1985

to4,806in2000.Longdistancebusesandtaxisseemedtobewarmlywelcomedbytravelers,soaveragemilestravelledinthetwomodesalmosttripled44AP2ThetravelmodeswhichgaineP3Travelsbywalking,bicyclesandlocalbuseslosttravelers’favorintheoneandahalfdecade.Averagetravellingdistancebylocalbusessufferedthebiggestdecrease,dropping

from429to274,whilethenumberofmilesbywalkingandbikesfellmildly

from255to237

andfrom51to41

respectively.45AP3Travelsbywalking,bicyclesP4Overall,thenumberofmilestravelledbytheaverageperpersonrose

from4,740milesin1985to6,475milesin2000,withtheincreaseofcarsaccountingforalmostallofthatincrease.46AP4Overall,thenumberofmiles流程图审图技巧流程图的本质其实就是要求考生将图中出现的文字信息用连贯的语言串起来，不需要过多地发挥。

47A流程图审图技巧流程图的本质其实就是要求考生将图中出现的文字信流程图的写作技巧1.时态相对单一，主要用一般现在时2.经常使用被动语态，显得比较客观和正式3.找出流程图的始末点，并划分中间的步骤或阶段4.掌握表示“顺序”的连接词(SequencingWords)，用来说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序5.对于题目里出现的专业词汇或生词，不认识也没关系，只需照抄即可48A流程图的写作技巧1.时态相对单一，主要用一般现在时48A流程图的重难点1.语言组织2.逻辑顺序3.是否如实反应图中的信息49A流程图的重难点1.语言组织49A流程图的常用单词过程：process、procedure阶段/步骤：stage、step连接词：1.第一步：atfirst、tobeginwith、inthefirststage2.下一步：then、next、thesecondstage3.最后：finally、lastly、thefinalstage4.平行步骤：meanwhile、atthesametime50A流程图的常用单词过程：process、procedure50流程图的常用句型◎Thefollowingdiagraphshowsthestructureof……◎Thepictureillustrates……◎Itmainlyconsistsof……

◎Itworksasfollows:◎Itusuallyinvolvesfollowingsteps:◎Thewholeprocedurecanbedividedinto…stages.51A流程图的常用句型◎ThefollowingdiagraFirstStagesTheprocessstartsfrom…Theprocessbeginswith….Intermsof….,thefirststageisthat….Atthebeginningofthecycle,

Thebeginningofthewholecycleismarkedby52AFirstStagesTheprocessstartsStagesAtthispoint;then;inthenextstep;afterthat;afterwardsThesecondstageis……Thenextstepintheprocessis……53AStagesAtthispoint;then;inEndStagesInthefinalstageThefinalprocedure/stepofthisprocessis…Thismarkstheendoftheprocessandthebeginningofanewone…isthelaststepintheprocedure.54AEndStagesInthefinalstage54LastingtimeThestagelastsfor30minutesuntil…Afteraperiodof30minutes,…Ittakes10daysforXto…AfteraperiodofBefore…,ittakes30minutesto…30minuteshavetobespentonthisprocessbefore…55ALastingtimeThestagelastsfo剑6P7556A剑6P7556A57A57AP1Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.58AP1ThefirstdiagramshowsthatP2Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage59AP2ThecocoonsaretherawmateP3Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.60AP3Overall,thediagramsshowtThemapindicatetherecyclingprocessofglassbottles61AThemapindicatetherecyclingP1Thisdiagramillustratestherecyclingprocessofglassbottles.Thewholeprocessisacyclewhichcanbedividedintothreemainstages.62AP1ThisdiagramillustratestheP2Inthefirststage,usedbottlesarecollectedatarecyclingpointandtransportedbyatruck.Thesecondstagestartsinacleaningplant,wheretheserecycledbottlesaresortedbycolorintogreen,brownandclearonesandwashedbyhigh-pressurisedwater.Whenthecleaningisdone,thebottlesareconveyedtoaglassfactorywheretheyarecutintoglasspieceswhicharethenpouredintoafurnace.3063AP2Inthefirststage,usedbotP3Afterbeingheatedinthefurnace,thebrokenglassesaremeltedintoliquid,whichflowsintoaglassmold.Inthefinalstage,new,emptybottlesarefilledwithliquid,thenpackedanddespatchedtothesupermarketandpickedbyconsumers.Atthispoint,acyclehasbeencompletedandanewcyclewillbegin.64AP3Afterbeingheatedinthefu地图审图技巧注意结合地图中体现的细节信息，进行相互比较与对比，并体现对比结果。65A地图审图技巧注意结合地图中体现的细节信息，进行相互比较与对比地图的写作技巧注意“变化”（1）图形原有事物的改变（2）图形新添事物66A地图的写作技巧注意“变化”66A地图的重难点1.时态：通常为一般过去时2.细节变化：地图每个细节变化都要提到，不能忽略3.语态：通常为被动语态4.书写顺序：时间顺序&空间顺序67A地图的重难点1.时态：通常为一般过去时67A地图的常用单词方位：intheeast/west/south/northof…;intheeastern/western/southernnorthernpartof…

建设：build,construct（一般建筑物），erect竖立（高大的建筑物），establish/setup（无建筑的物体或抽象的机构），pave（道路的修建）68A地图的常用单词方位：intheeast/west/s地图的常用句型◎Itisobvious/notable/noticeablethat...◎Itiseasytolocate/tofindthat…◎Itcanbeseenfromthegraphthat…◎Aislocated/situated/sitedin/on/totheeastofB.◎Aisincenter/middle/centralareaofB◎Aisnear/nextto/closeto/adjacenttoB.◎AisontheoppositesideofB.69A地图的常用句型◎Itisobvious/notableLocationAlies……ShanghailiesintheeastofChinaJapanliestotheeastofChinaMongolialiesonthenorthsideofChinaAislocated……Aisnextto/near/closetoBAisattheeast/west/north/southofBAisrightacrossfromBTheroadrunsfrom…to…70ALocationAlies……70ADrawbyyourselfTheplaygroundisroughlyinthemiddleoftheresidentialzone.ThebankisintheNorthwestcorneroftheresidentialzone.Housesareatthebottomoftheresidentialzone.Themotorcyclistisoutsidetheresidentialzone.Thebarber’sisoppositetothebankThesupermarketishalfwaybetweenthebankandthebarber’s.Thesupermarketisdirectlyoppositetothestop.Alocalbusistotherightofthestation71ADrawbyyourselfTheplaygroun剑5P75ThemapbelowisofthetownofGarlsdon.Anewsupermarket(S)isplannedforthetown.Themapshowstwopossiblesitesforsupermarket.选址型72A剑5P75ThemapbelowisofthetnorthwestcountrysideFewercustomerLowrentTrain,buscentredowntownCBD,residential,industryshoppersrenttrafficSatellitecities73AnorthwestcountrysideFewercustP1ThemapshowstwoproposedlocationsforanewsupermarketforthetownofGarlsdon74AP1ThemapshowstwoproposedlP2Thefirstpotentiallocation(S1)isoutsidethetownitself,andislocateddjustoffthemainroadtothetownofHindon,lying12kmstothenorth-west.Thissiteisinthecountrysideandsoitwouldbeabletoaccommodatealotofcarparking,whichmakesitaccessibletoshoppersfrombothHindonandGarlsdonwhocouldtravelbycar.75AP2ThefirstpotentiallocatioP2AsitisalsoclosetotherailwaylinelinkingthetwotownstoCransdon(25kmtothesouth-east),apotentiallylargenumberofshopperswouldalsobeabletotravelbytrain.Generallyspeaking,therentisrelativelylowerincountryside,soitwillsavesomeexpending.76AP2AsitisalsoclosetotherP3Incontrast,thesuggestedlocation,S2,isrightinthetowncentre,whichwouldbegoodforlocalresidents.Theoricallythestorecouldbeaccessedbyroadorrailfromthesurroundingtowns,butasthecentralareaisano-trafficzone,carswouldbeunabletoparkandaccesswouldbedifficult.77AP3Incontrast,thesuggestedP4Overall,neithersiteisappropriateforallthetowns,buttheout-of-townsite(S1)wouldprobablyoffermoreadvantagesandmorereasonable.78AP4Overall,neithersiteisappChorleywoodisavillagenearLondonwhosepopulationhasincreasedsteadilysincethemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.Themapbelowshowsthedevelopmentofthe