新视野第四册（第三版）课件

FOREIGHLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERTISY4AchievingsustainableenvironmentalismUnit4SectionAFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITYFOREIGHLANGUAGETEACHINGAND1Twoquestionsareraisedtoshowthatpeoplehaveconflictingideasaboutenvironmentalprotection.(Para.1)IntroductionTwoquestionsareraisedtosh2Body:Section1Arule,calledasaneenvironmentalism,formakingenvironmentalchoicesispresented.(Para.5)Theauthordefinesenvironmentalluxuriesandenvironmentalnecessities.(Para.2)Theauthorgivesexamples“combatingozonedepletionandthegreenhouseeffect”toexplainwhatheseesasanenvironmentalnecessity.(Paras.3-4)Body:Section1Arule,called3IntroductionMainbody:Section1andSection2Theauthortriestoestablisharuleforpeopletofollowwhentheymakeenvironmentalchoices.(Paras.2-5)Theauthorrebutsadifferentrule,calledasentimentalenvironmentalism,whichhesaysischaracterizedbyexcessiveearthworship.(Paras.6-10)IntroductionMainbody:Section4Body:Section2TheauthorcitesthedebateaboutpreservingthespottedowlinOregonvs.protectingthelivelihoodoftheloggingfamiliestojustifyhisownargument.(Para.10)Theauthorreviewsadifferentrule,onewhichhecallsasentimentalenvironmentalism.(Para.6)TheauthorcitesthedebateaboutwhethertodrillforoilinANWRtorebutthesentimentalenvironmentalismandjustifyhisownargument.(Paras.7-9)Body:Section2Theauthorcite5Theauthorrestateshiscentralargument:Humaninterestsshouldbegivenpriorityoverthoseofnature.(Paras.11-13)IntroductionMainbody:establishingaruleandrebuttingadifferentruleConclusionTheauthorrestateshisce6IntroductionMainbody:establishingaruleandrebuttingadifferentruleConclusionIntroductionMainbody:establi7必需型减少(v.)保持(v.)生态平衡界限臭氧共鸣易懂的有效利用(v.)巩固(v.)生态系统可持续的公然的崇拜声称(v.)生态荒诞的区分(v.)非兼容的生物多样化感情型Necessarymode健康型B.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUseTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundVideoWatchingJotter相互关系chordozonedepletepreserveecologicalbalanceparametercorrelationovertworshipbiodiversitySentimentalmodeallegeincompatibleecology根除eradicate合法化legalization等级制Sanemodedifferentiatebizarresustainableecosystemeconomizeconsolidateintelligiblehierarchy可逆转的reversibleTopic?ChoicesofEnvironmentalism必需型减少(v.)保持(v.)生态平衡界限臭氧共鸣易懂的有效8incompatibleallegechorddepleteeconomizeOnemessageafteranotherfromhimcametotouchtheright________inher.chordB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUseShe________hercuriosityforthewiderworldasareasonforquittingherjob.allegedTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundVideoWatchingJotterincompatibleallegechorddeplete9incompatibleallegechorddepleteeconomizeIfwecontinueto_________theearth’snaturalresources,wewillcauseseriousdamagetoherenvironment.depleteB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUseIfyou’rereallygoingtobuyacar,we’llhaveto_________onotherthings.economizeTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundVideoWatchingJotterincompatibleallegechorddeplete10incompatibleallegechorddepleteeconomizeHislossoffriendshipisinthecoldfactthathisdeedsare____________withhiswords.incompatibleB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUseTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundVideoWatchingJotterincompatibleallegechorddeplete11preservecorrelationworshipconsolidatedifferentiateThesaddestthingaboutyourlifeisthatyoufailto___________whatcountsmostfromwhatcountslittletoyourfuture.differentiateB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUseSadtosay,fewofusknowthebestwayto_________ourgoldentimefromelapseinvain.preserveTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundVideoWatchingJotterpreservecorrelationworshipcons12preservecorrelationworshipconsolidatedifferentiateHissuccessinlifehaslittle___________withhisbirth.correlationB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUseThekeytoyoursuccessliesinhowto___________allthepositivefactorsintoadrivingforcebehindyouraspiration.consolidateTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundVideoWatchingJotterpreservecorrelationworshipcons13preservecorrelationworshipconsolidatedifferentiateTeenagerstendtoofferblind_________tothosewhohavelittleincentiveeffectonthem.worshipB.Topic-centeredStudyofNewWordsandTheirUseTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundVideoWatchingJotterpreservecorrelationworshipcons14“Environmentalsensitivityisnowasrequiredanattitudeinpolitesocietyasis,say,beliefindemocracyordisapprovalofplasticsurgery.”(Para.1,Text)isdeclarativeknowledge.Tomakeitpossibletousecreatively,however,wehavetoconvertitintoproceduralknowledgeasfollows:Lexical

CollocationsJotterA.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsProductivePatternIXisasrequiredYasisZ;whereX,YandZarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext.[应用提示]用于“对事物的类比”Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.“Environmentalsensitivityis15

ProductivePattern—XisasrequiredYasisZ.ContextI自信心如同钢中的碳一样，是你成功中不可或缺的决定性组成部分。Inthiscontext,X=“self-confidence”,Y=“adecisiveingredientinyoursuccess”,andZ=“carboninsteel”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Self-confidenceisasrequiredadecisiveingredientinyoursuccessasiscarboninsteel.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Xisas16

ProductivePattern—XisasrequiredYasisZ.ContextII日渐增强的彼此依恋如同引力波一样，是热恋不可或缺的催化剂。Inthiscontext,X=“anever-strongerattachmenttoeachother”,Y=“acatalystforfireoflove”,andZ=“awaveofgravitation”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Anever-strongerattachmenttoeachotherisasrequiredacatalystforfireofloveasisawaveofgravitation.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Xisas17“Thepossiblethermalconsequencesofthegreenhouseeffectarefardeadlier:meltingicecaps,floodedcoastlines,disruptedclimate,dryplainsand,ultimately,emptybreadbaskets.”

(Para.4,Text)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?A.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsProductivePatternIIThepossibleconsequencesofXarefarY(a.):

…;whereXandY(a.)arevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,whereas“…”standsfortheconcreteconsequencesinthegivencontext.[应用提示]用于“对事物后果推断与阐述”Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotter“Thepossiblethermalconseque18

ProductivePattern—ThepossibleconsequencesofXarefarY(a.):

…ContextI歪曲真相的报道可能产生的后果是非常严重的：颠倒黑白、混淆视听、社会混乱。Inthiscontext,X=“warpedaccounts”,Y(a.)=“serious”,and“…”=“confoundingrightwithwrong,confusingpublicopinion,andsocialdisruption”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Thepossibleconsequencesofwarpedaccountsarefarserious:confoundingrightwithwrong,confusingpublicopinion,andsocialdisruption.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Theposs19

ProductivePattern—ThepossibleconsequencesofXarefarY(a.):…ContextII在校园整天浑浑噩噩混日子可能产生的后果是极其为不可逆的：学业无果、青春逝去、无尽的懊悔。Inthiscontext,X=“muddlingalongalldayoncampus”,Y(a.)=“irreversible”,and“…”=“noreturnfromstudies,elapseofyouth,andasteadyflowofregret”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Thepossibleconsequencesofmuddlingalongalldayoncampusarefarirreversible:noreturnfromstudies,elapseofyouth,andasteadyflowofregret.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Theposs20“Itcallsuponhumanitytopreservenature,butmerelywithintheparametersofself-survival.”(Para.5,Text)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?A.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsProductivePatternIIIAcallsuponBtodo

C,butmerelywithintheparametersofD;whereA,B,CandDarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,whereas“do”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]用于“对处事的界说”Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotter“Itcallsuponhumanitytopre21

ProductivePattern—AcallsuponBtodoC,butmerelywithintheparametersofD.ContextI竞争要我们优胜劣汰，但要在公平得到保证的前提之下。Inthiscontext,A=“competition”,B=“us”,C=“thesuperior”aswellas“theinferior”,D=“fairness”,and“do”=“select”aswellas“eliminate”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Competitioncallsuponustoselectthesuperiorandeliminatetheinferior,butmerelywithintheparametersoffairness.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Acalls22

ProductivePattern—AcallsuponBtodoC,butmerelywithintheparametersofD.ContextII科研要科学家锐意进取，但要在客观性得到保证的前提之下。Inthiscontext,A=“doingscience”,B=“scientists”,C=“progress”,D=“objectivity”,and“do”=“make…(withkeendetermination)”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Doingsciencecallsuponscientiststomakeprogresswithkeendetermination,butmerelywithintheparametersofobjectivity.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Acalls23“Manisthemeasureofallthings.”(Para.7,Text)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?A.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsProductivePatternIVXisthemeasureofY;whereXandYarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext.[应用提示]用于“对事物的界说”Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotter“Manisthemeasureofallthi24

ProductivePattern—XisthemeasureofY.ContextI实践是检验真理的唯一标准。Inthiscontext,X

=“practice”,andY=“truth”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Practiceisthesolemeasureoftruth.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Xisthe25“Governmentestimatesindicateanearlyfifty-fiftychancethatundertheANWRrestsoneofthefivelargestoilfieldseverdiscoveredinAmerica.”(Para.7,Text)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?A.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsProductivePatternVXindicateslittle/muchchancethatY

does/isZ;whereX,YandZarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while“does/is”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]用于“对概率的判定”Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotter“Governmentestimatesindicate26

ProductivePattern—Xindicateslittle/muchchancethatYdoes/isZ.ContextI她对你的态度表明，你很有可能俘获她的芳心。Inthiscontext,X=“herattitudetowardyou”,Y=“you”,Z=“herheart”,and“does/is”=“willcapture”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Herattitudetowardyouindicatesmuchchancethatyouwillcaptureherheart.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Xindica27

ProductivePattern—Xindicateslittle/muchchancethatYdoes/isZ.ContextII民意调查结果表明，对任何事物的过度宣传很可能是昙花一现。Inthiscontext,X=“publicopinionpolls”,Y=“excessivepublicityaboutanything”,Z=“aflashinthepan”,and“does/is”=“is”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Publicopinionpollsindicatemuchchancethatexcessivepublicityaboutanythingisaflashinthepan.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Xindica28“Theimportantdistinctionisbetweenthoseenvironmentalgoodsthatarefundamentalandthosethatarenot.”(Para.11,Text)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?A.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsProductivePatternVITheimportant/criticaldistinctionisbetweenXandY;whereXandYarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext.[应用提示]用于“对事物的辨识”Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotter“Theimportantdistinctionis29

ProductivePattern—Theimportant/criticaldistinctionisbetweenXandY.ContextI重要的是，我们要区分哪些东西对我们未来幸福至关重要，哪些不重要。Inthiscontext,X=“thosethatmattermuchtoourfuturehappiness”,andY=“thosethatmatterlittle”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Theimportantdistinctionisbetweenthosethatmattermuchtoourfuturehappinessandthosethatmatterlittle.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Theimpo30

ProductivePattern—Theimportant/criticaldistinctionisbetweenXandY.ContextII至关重要的是，我们要区分面对危机的理性反应与非理性反应。Inthiscontext,X=“rationalresponse”,andY=“irrationalresponsetocrisis”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Thecriticaldistinctionisbetweenrationalresponseandirrationalresponsetocrisis.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Lexical

CollocationsJotterProductivePattern—Theimpo31No.ChineseEnglish12345把……区分differentiatebetween呈现（某种特征）takeon引起共鸣strikeachordwith与……格格不入run/goagainstthegrain与……不相容的beincompatiblewithB.Extraction&ApplicationofLexicalCollocations短语逆译Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Productive

PatternsJotterNo.ChineseEnglish12345把……区分di32No.ChineseEnglish678910安然度过comethrough像其他人一样as…asthenextperson/man优先选择（某物）而非（另一物）choosesth.oversth.else以……的代价；花费……ata…cost1.适宜，恰当2.妥当，无误beinorderB.Extraction&ApplicationofLexicalCollocations短语逆译Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Productive

PatternsJotterNo.ChineseEnglish678910安然度过co33Phrase1Productive

PatternsJotter

LexicalCollocation—differentiatebetween他泾渭不分，从而一生碌碌无为。[意群提示]failtodosth.;blackandwhite;leadavainandhumdrumlifeHefailedtodifferentiatebetweenblackandwhite,thusleadingavainandhumdrumlife.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Phrase1Productive

PatternsJo34Phrase2

LexicalCollocation—takeon新春伊始，万象更新。[意群提示]withtheadventofthenewspring;anewaspectWiththeadventofthenewspring,allthingstookonanewaspect.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Productive

PatternsJotterPhrase2LexicalCollocation—35Phrase3

LexicalCollocation—strikeachordwith教授对人生意义的一番言论似乎在学生中产生了普遍的共鸣。[意群提示]theprofessor’scommentonsth.;thesignificanceofaspectacularlifeTheprofessor’scommentonthesignificanceofaspectacularlifeseemedtostrikeauniversalchordwiththestudents.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Productive

PatternsJotterPhrase3LexicalCollocation—36Phrase4

LexicalCollocation—run/goagainstthegrain他的为官之道与清正廉洁格格不入。[意群提示]one’sartofbeinganofficial;honestyanduprightnessHisartofbeinganofficialrunsagainstthegrainofhonestyanduprightness.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Productive

PatternsJotterPhrase4LexicalCollocation—37Phrase5

LexicalCollocation—beincompatiblewith这款杀毒软件与你的电脑系统不兼容，因此，你需要找人进行系统升级。[意群提示]anti-virussoftware;getyourcomputersystemupdatedTheanti-virussoftwareisincompatiblewithyourcomputersystem,soyouhavetogetyoursystemupdated.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Productive

PatternsJotterPhrase5LexicalCollocation—38Phrase6

LexicalCollocation—comethrough此次信任危机考验了我们的友谊，我们经受住了考验而且比以往任何时候都更值得彼此信任了。[意群提示]thiscrisisoftrust;betrustiertoeachotherthaneverThiscrisisoftrusttestedourfriendship,andwehavecomethroughittrustiertoeachotherthanever.Warming-UpTextReadingEssayWritingFurtherDev.Prod