中考英语句子成分专题复习课件

句子的成分MembersoftheSentence句子的成分MembersoftheSentence1预习1）Iamastudent.2）Theyarefriends.3）Wewenttothemoviesyesterday.4）SheiswatchingTV.5）Heisgoingcampingnextweek.6）-WhereisLiLei?-HehasgonetoJapan.预习1）Iamastudent.2

句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句3主语

TheSubject

主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。

主语

TheSubject主语是谓语讲述的对象，4GinaisfromAustralia.LucyisanAmericangirl.Sheoftengoestothemovies.WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.Theclassroomisveryclean.Threeplusfiveequalseight.ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.→ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型Gina,Lucy,She,We,Theclassroom,Threeplusfive,ToteachthemEnglishGinaisfromAustralia.5名词

Noun（n.）

我们身边存在着形形色色的人和物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词。概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词都叫名词。

如：

Tom,China,boy,door,pencil,peace名词

Noun（n.）我们身边存在着形形色色的人和6代词

Pronoun（pron.）代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。用来代替名词、形容词或数词。如：we,that,his,what1．人称代词２．物主代词３．指示代词代词

Pronoun（pron.）代词是代替名词的7人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称

I

me

we

us第二人称

you

you

you

you第三人称

he

she

it

him

her

it

they

them人称代词单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一8物主代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshisheritsoursyourstheirs中文我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她,它)们的物主代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人9指示代词

表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词用法例句this(these)一般用来指时间或空间上较近的事物Isthisyourpencil?Thesearemyfriends.that(those)常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物Isthathisbook?Thosearemybrothers.指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指10谓语

ThePredicate

说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。谓语一般在主语后面。谓语

ThePredicate说明主语“做什11Wearebothquiet.Hehasatoothache.Hisparentsareteachers.Shelookswell.Westudyhard.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakEnglish.arequiet;hasatoothache;areteachers;lookswell;study;havefinished;canspeakWearebothquiet.12表语

ThePredicative

说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后面。表语

ThePredicative13Hermotherisabankclerk.Areyouready?Ourcountryisgettingstronger.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Theyareathomenow.Mybookisonthedesk.Everybodyishere.abankclerk;ready;gettingstronger;younger;athome;onthedesk;hereHermotherisabankclerk.14宾语

TheObject

表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。一般在谓语之后。

宾语

TheObject表示动作、行15Allofuslikehim.He’splayingsoccer.CanIasksomequestions?Sheisplayingthepianonow.Heoftenhelpsme.Lucylikestosleepintheopenair.WeenjoylivinginChina.him;soccer;questions;thepiano;me;tosleep;livingAllofuslikehim.16定语

TheAttribute

用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。定语

TheAttribute用来17Ihavesomethingtodo.What’syourname,please?She’sagoodbasketballplayer.Thegirlbehindthetreeismysister.Thelittleboygavemeabigapple.Theblackbikeismine.Theymadepaperflower.todo;your;good;behindthetree;little,big;black;paperIhavesomethingtodo.18状语

TheAdverbial

用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语不定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。状语

TheAdverbial用来19Peopleareallworkinghard.Beijingisnotverycoldinwinter.Hediditcarefully.Theywanttoseeherverybadly.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Suddenlyitbegantorain.Hesattheresmoking.all,hard;very,inwinter;carefully;badly;Withouthishelp;Suddenly;theresmokingPeopleareallworkinghard.20补语

英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语+宾语补足语”合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。补语英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表21Ifounditverydifficulttofindwork.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.WefoundLilyoutwhenwearrived.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Isawastrangerenterthebuilding.Ifyouletmego,Iwillmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.verydifficult;broken;out;working;enterthebuilding;king;openIfounditverydifficulttof22

句子成分随堂练习找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分

23LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

状

主谓状Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系状表Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.主谓宾Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主谓状LastweekIwenttothesuperm24ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表InevergetupearlyonSundays.

I

never

getup

early

onSundays.

主状谓状状Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主谓宾youngwoman

angrily.

宾状ItwasSunday.25Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主谓定宾连主谓understand

aword.

谓宾Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主谓状连主didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

谓宾状Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’26Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.

主谓状连谓定宾HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.

He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主谓状连主谓already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

状谓定定places

inAustralia.

宾定Igotupearlyandboughtthir27Hehasjustboughtacarandhasgone