创造性解决问题课件

创造性解决问题ppt课件1“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”“想象力比知识更重要。”-AlbertEinstein“Imaginationismoreimportant2CreativeProblemSolving

创造性解决问题CourseObjective:课程目标：Todeveloptechniquesforresolvingworkbasedproblemsinacreativeandinnovativeway.以一种创造和革新的方式发展解决工作中问题的技巧。CreativeProblemSolving

创造性解决3Youwilllearn:Toidentifyclearlyobjectivestobeachieved.

清楚地了解要取得的目标Thebarrierstoproblemsolving

解决问题的障碍Howtodevelopaproblem-solvingmodel如何发展一种解决问题的模式CreativeProblemSolving

创造性解决问题Youwilllearn:CreativeProble4Youwilllearn:Toimproveproblemsolvingskillsbytheuseofthefishboneandwhy-whytechniques.

利用鱼骨法和为什么-为什么法提高解决问题的技巧Howtodevelopadecision-makingmodel如何发展一种决策模式Howtodevelopcreativeandinternalthinking

如何发展创造性和内在思维CreativeProblemSolving

创造性解决问题Youwilllearn:CreativeProble5HowtoPerceiveProblems?

如何看待问题？Therearenoproblems. 没有问题。Everyproblemisanopportunityindisguise. 每一个问题都是一个潜在的机会。HowtoPerceiveProblems?

如何看待6Whatisaproblem?

问题是什么？ “Itisagapbetweenacurrentandadesiredstate”问题就是目前的情况和你渴望得到的状态之间的差距。Itisabarrier,obstacle,restrain,etc.thathinderssmoothprogress,reduceseffectivenessandrequiresanalysisbeforeactionistaken.问题是一种障碍、阻拦、抑制，它阻碍着事情的顺利发展，使我们在行动之前减少对有效性及需求的分析。Whatisaproblem?

问题是什么？ “It7CreativeProblem-solvingModel创造性解决问题模式－7步1.ProblemFinding(Problemdefinition)发现问题（问题的定义）2.FactFinding(Problemdescription)找到事实根据（问题的描述）3.Cause&EffectAnalysis(ProblemAnalysis)因果分析（问题的分析）4.ProblemStatement问题的表述5.ImaginativeIdeaProduction(Identifysolutions) 产生富有想象力的办法(找到解决办法)6.IdeaScreening(Verificationofsolution筛选各种想法（确认解决办法）7.ImplementationPlan实施计划CreativeProblem-solvingModel8ProblemFinding发现问题Symptoms症状Problems问题TheRealProblesms真正的问题ProblemFindingSymptoms症状Prob91.ProblemFinding发现问题Bankdeclinedtheloanrequest银行拒绝了你的贷款要求Bankthinksthatyouhavenodebtpayingability银行认为你没有还债能力Banklearnsthatyourcompanymadealargeinvestmentinaprojectwihichhasnotbeencompleted银行获悉你的公司在一个尚未完成的项目上投入了大笔资金Oneofyourcompetitorsmadeuptherumourthatyourcompanysufferedagreatlossinthatproject你的一个竞争对手散布谣言说你的公司在那个项目上损失巨大IdentifytheProblem

找出问题1.ProblemFinding发现问题Bankde103.Cause-and-EffectAnalysis

因果分析The“FishboneDiagram”“鱼骨图”The“Why-WhyDiagram”“为什么-为什么分析法图”AnalyzetheProblem

分析问题3.Cause-and-EffectAnalysis

11StepstoDevelopaFishboneDiagram发展鱼骨分析法的步骤Identifytheeffect明确现象Identifythemajorcausecategories明确主要原因的种类Brainstormthepossiblecauesoftheproblem对产生问题的可能原因进行集思广益Assesseachmajorcausecategory评定每个主要原因的种类Reachanagreementonthemostlikelycause(s) 在最可能的原因上取得一致意见StepstoDevelopaFishboneDi12FishboneDiagram

鱼骨分析图IncreasedProductCosts产品成本增加FishboneDiagram

鱼骨分析图Increase13Possible“Cause”Categories

可能的“原因”种类People,Places,Policies&Procedures(4Ps) 人、地点、政策及程序Suppliers,Skills,Systems&Surroundings(4Ss) 供应商、技巧、系统及环境Methods,Materials,Machines(3Ms)方法、原料、设备和人#Youcanhaveanycategoriesthatsuityourneeds

你可能有适合你需要的别的分类Possible“Cause”Categories

可能14IncreasedProductCosts产品成本增加FishboneDiagram-CauseCategories鱼骨法分析原因种类Place地点Procedure程序People人Policies政策IncreasedFishboneDiagram-Caus15BuildingAFishboneDiagram

勾画一幅鱼骨图IncreasedProductcost产品成本增加Rawmaterialpriceincreased原材料价格上涨Landuserentincreased土地租金上涨Electricitycostincreased电的成本增加Transportationcostincreased运输成本增加Bankinterestrateincreased银行利率上升Labourwagesincreased劳动工资增长BuildingAFishboneDiagram

勾画16DrawingAWhy-WhyDiagram

画一幅为什么-为什么分析图WHY?WHY?WHY?DrawingAWhy-WhyDiagram

画一幅为174.ProblemStatement

阐述问题Statedinshortandprecisewords以简短和准确的语言陈述Clearandunambiguous 清晰而不含糊Definedintermsthatwillassistinthemeasurementoftheoutcome按照有助于衡量结果的方式阐述问题4.ProblemStatement

阐述问题S185.ImaginativeIdeaProduction

展开想象，产生主意Brainstorming集思广益TriggerSessions举一反三Scenariowritingorscenariodaydreaming场景写作或场景幻想Suggestionschemes 建议方案GenerateSolutions产生解决办法5.ImaginativeIdeaProduction19Brainstorming

集思广益

Brainstormingisatechniquetoencouragegroupcreativity:thisprocessallowsyoutousetherightbrainwhichisthecreativepartwhencomparedtothelogicalthinkingleftbrain. 集思广益是一种鼓励小组创造性的技巧：这一过程让你运用右脑的创造性功能，而不是左脑的逻辑思维。Brainstorming

集思广益 Brainstormi20TheRulesofBrainstorming

集思广义之规则GoforQuantity 追求数量PostponeJudgement 不急于判断TheRulesofBrainstorming

集思广21Twotypesofbrainstorming:

集思广益的两种类型：Freewheeling:

Shareideasallatonceandlistallideasastheyare“shoutedout”.随心所欲式：大家座在一起立刻分享主意，并且列出大家“喊出”的所有主意。RoundRobin:

Everyonetakesaturnofferinganidea,anyonecanpassonanyturn,allcontinueuntiltherearenomoreideasandallideasarelistedastheyareoffered.循环式：每个人依次提供一个主意，任何人也可随时插入主意，这样，一直循环直到没有主意再产生，同时这期间大家提供的所有主意应该被列出来。Twotypesofbrainstorming:

集思22Theprocessofabrainstormingsession:

集思广益方法：Don’teditwhatissaidandremembernottocriticiseideas不要改变或纠正别人所说的，并记住不要批评任何创意。Goforquantityofideasatthispoint;narrowdownthelistlater在这一阶段追求的是创意的数量，以后再缩减创意列单。encouragewildorexaggeratedideas(creativityisthekey)鼓励疯狂而夸张的创意(创造性是关键)Buildontheideasofothers(e.g.,onemembermightsaysomethingthat‘spark’anothermember’sideas)抛砖引玉(例如，可能某个人说出的某个主意突然就点燃了另一个人创意的‘火花’。)Theprocessofabrainstorming23CreativeThinking

创造性思维Whatblockscreativity? 是什么阻碍创造性？Whatencouragescreativity? 是什么激励创造性？CreativeThinking

创造性思维Whatbl24TheFourBarrierstoCreativity-BARS阻碍创造性的4个障碍B

BrainActivity 脑力活动AssumptionsThatAren’tTrue不正确的假设Routines 常规Skepticism 怀疑论ARSTheFourBarrierstoCreativit25EnviromentalChange环境改变Competition竞争Lackofprecedence没有先例RequiredbyLeaders被领导要求Increaseorganisationaleffectiveness提高工作的有效性Emphasisonmanagerialcontrol强调管理控制Short-termthinking短期考虑Over-analysisofideas对想法的分析过多Pressuretodomorewithless工作太多，压力大，没有时间多考虑Creativity创造性Factorspushingforcreativity促进创造性的因素Factorspushingagainstcreativity阻碍创造性产生的因素EnviromentalEmphasisonCreativ26CreativeThinkingTechnique

创造性思维的技巧

Brainstorming脑力风暴ThinkingLanguages思想语言IrrelevantOrigins无关根源Relabeling重新命名Netwon’sThirdLaw牛顿第3定律Analogies比喻CreativeThinkingTechnique

创造27CreativeThinking

创造性思维Brainstorming 集思广益DeBono’sSixthinkinghats DeBono的六顶思考的帽子CreativeThinking

创造性思维Brainst28SixThinkingHats六顶思考的帽子

byEdwarddeBonoEmotions: 情感Speculation: 思索Creativity: 创造SixThinkingHats六顶思考的帽子

byE29The“Hat”youwearaffectshowyou你戴的“帽子”将影响你的think思考act行为feel感觉relatetoothers与别人的关系The“Hat”youwearaffectshow30Emotions-TheWhiteHat

情感－白帽子Objective/Noemotion 客观的/无情感色彩Focusesonfacts&figures 注重事实和数字Judgementnotbasedonfeelings不是靠感觉来作判断Emotions-TheWhiteHat

情感－白帽31Emotions-TheRedHat

情感－红帽子Emotionoriented情感导向NoJustificationNeeded 无需正当理由Intuitionor“Hunches”arelegitimised 直觉或“预感”都是合理的Emotions-TheRedHat

情感－红帽子E32Speculation-TheBlackHat

思索－黑帽子Negativedisposition 消极的性格倾向Pessimisticinoutlook 对前途悲观Findsproblems&faultsinallideas对任何主意都要找出问题和错误Cautious谨慎Speculation-TheBlackHat

思索33Speculation-TheYellowHat

思索－黄帽子Positivedisposition积极的性格倾向Optimisticorientation乐观倾向Exploresthebenefits&opportunityinideas 探索创意中的利益和机会Feasible/whyitcouldwork 切实可行的/为什么它有用Speculation-TheYellowHat

思34Creativity-TheBlueHat

创造－蓝帽子Organised&controlled 有组织的和可控制的Cool&clearthinking 冷静及清晰的思考Questionsarefocused专注问题Rulesarefollowed遵循规则Synthesis(builds&pullstogether)合力（齐心协力，共同建造）Creativity-TheBlueHat

创造－蓝35Creativity-TheGreenHat

创造－绿帽子CreativeThinking 创造性思维Provocative煽动性Generationofnewideas 新主意的产生Seeksalternatives 寻求可供选择的办法Creativity-TheGreenHat

创造－36SixThinkingHats六顶思考的帽子PureFacts纯事实PureEmotions纯情感Negative消极的Positive积极的Focus专注Creative创造Youshoulduseallofthehatswhenaddressinganyproblem当你着手解决任何问题时，都应该运用上面这些帽子进行思考。SixThinkingHatsPureFactsPur376.IdeaScreening

筛选各种想法Force-fieldAnalysis 力量分析The“How-HowDiagram” 怎样－怎样分析VerifySolutions验证解决办法6.IdeaScreening

筛选各种想法Fo38ForceFieldDiagramisananalysistoolthatisused力量分析是一种分析工具，可用于

Identifyobstaclestoreachingagoal找出达到目标的障碍

Identifypossiblecauses&solutionstoaproblem找出问题的可能的原因及解决办法

Individualorteamisunabletoproceedanyfurther个人或团队无法进一步前进ForceFieldDiagramisananal39ForceFieldDiagram力量分析图CurrentSituation:目前情况Goal目标:Situation情况Goal目标Worse更糟(DrivingForces)动力(RestrainingForces)阻力ForceFieldDiagramCurrentSit40ForceFieldDiagram力量分析图CurrentSituation:Stockslevels25%toohigh目前情况：大大高于库存标准25％Goal:Reducestocklevelsby25%目标：减少库存标准到25％Situation情况Goal目标Worse更糟ForceFieldDiagramCurrentSit41Force-fieldAnalysis力量分析学生数量增加...动力...好的教学设施灵活的学习方式课程的质量竞争增加行政人员缺乏经验政府资助的取消阻力Force-fieldAnalysis学生数量增加...动42IdeaScreening

筛选各种想法‘How-HowDiagram’ 怎样-怎样分析图Assistsintheimplementationprocess有助于完成程序Followsthe‘Why-Why’thinkingprocess 遵循“为什么-为什么”思考程序IdeaScreening

筛选各种想法‘How-How43TheHow-HowDiagram

怎样-怎样分析图给银行提供日期举行一个新闻发布会怎样怎样TheHow-HowDiagram

怎样-怎样分析图给银447.ImplementationPlan

实施计划Preparation准备Execution执行Check检查Implementthesolution实施解决办法7.ImplementationPlan

实施计45ImplementationPlan实施计划:Preparation准备Identifyyourtargetaudience 明确你的目标听众Sellthebenefitsofyoursolution讲出你的解决办法的好处Explain&communicateeffectively解释并有效沟通Involveallconcernedtoovercomeresistance 涉及所有有关的，克服阻力。ImplementationPlan实施计划:Prep46ImplementationPlan实施计划-Execution执行Setgoals&deadlines 设立目标及最终期限Establishwhowilldowhat,when&how确定谁做什么，何时，怎样做Motivatemembers 激励成员Havecontingencyplans 有预防突发事件的计划ImplementationPlan实施计划-Exec47ImplementationPlan实施计划-Verification验证Haveobjectivesbeenachieved?已经达到目标了吗？Hastheproblembeensolvedtotally? 问题完全解决了吗？ImplementationPlan实施计划-Ver48FishboneDiagram鱼骨分析法Problem(s)问题Brainstorming集思广益Why-Why为什么-为什么Implementation实施ForceField/How-How力量分析法怎样-怎样分析SolutionScreening解决办法筛选CreativeProblemSolving

创造性解决问题FishboneProblem(s)Brainstormin49ExpandingtheBoundariesoftheTermMeasuringCup4.Anycontainerwithaknownvolumethatwouldholdliquid.3.Anycontainerwithvolumemarkingsthatwouldholdliquid.2.Anytypeofmeasuringcup-glass,plastic,ormetal.1.Clearglasspitcherwithredmarkings.ExpandingtheBoundariesofth50SupplementalBrainstormingProceduresKeeptheproblem