2002年全国硕士研究生考试英语阅读理解

2002年全国硕士研究生考试英语阅读理解考生注意事项?1．考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。?2．答题前，考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考试语种”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚，并与准考证上的一致。?3．全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题（一）、试题（二）。?4．本试题为试题（一），共4页（1～4页）。考生必须在规定的时间内作答。?5．试题（一）为听力部分。该部分共有A、B、C三节，所有答案都应填写或填涂在答题卡1上。A、B两节必须用蓝（黑）圆珠笔答题，注意字迹清楚。C节必须用2B铅笔按照答题卡上的要求填涂，如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。?6．听力考试进行时，考生应先将答案写或标记在试题上，然后在听力部分结束前专门留出的5分钟内，将答案整洁地誊写或转涂到答题卡1上。仅写或标记在试题上不给分。SectionIListeningComprehension?Directions:ThisSectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.YouwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccoMPAnythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.?NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.?PartA?Directions:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearanintroductionaboutthelifeofMargaretWelch.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyou#39;veheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)?Welch#39;sPersonalInformation

PlaceofBirthPhiladelphia

YearofBirth1901

TransfertoBarnardUniversity(Year)1920

MajoratUniversity1

FinalDegreePhD

YearofMarriage1928

GrowingUpInNewGuineaPublished(Year)2

FieldStudyintheSouthPacific(Age)3

MainInterest4

ProfessorshipatColumbiaStarted(Year)5

Death(Age)77

PartB

Directions:

Forquestions6-10,youwillhearatalkbyawell-knownU.S.journalist.Accordingtothespeaker,thepresswilllostreadersunlesstheeditorsandthenewsdirectors10

PartC

Directions:

Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.While

listening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyouranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)??Questions11-13arebasedonareportaboutchildren#39;shealthydevelopment.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.??11.Whatunusualquestionmaydoctorsaskwhengivingkidsacheckupnexttime?［A］Howmuchexercisetheygeteveryday.?［B］Whattheyaremostworriedabout.?［C］HowlongtheirparentsaccoMPAnythemdaily.?［D］Whatentertainmenttheyareinterestedin.?12.Theacademysuggeststhatchildrenunderagetwo.?［A］getenoughentertainment.?［B］havemoreactivities.?［C］receiveearlyeducation.?［D］haveregularcheckups.??13.Accordingtothereport,children#39;sbedroomsshould.?［A］benoplaceforplay.?［C］havenoTVsets.?Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingtalkabouthowtosavemoney.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.??14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhewantstosaveup??［A］Familydebts.?［B］Banksavings.?［C］Monthlybills.?［D］Spendinghabits.15.Howmuchcanapersonsavebyretirementifhegivesuphispack-a-dayhabit??［A］$190,000.?［B］$330,000.?［C］$500,000.?［D］$1,000,000.??16.Whatshouldonedobeforepayingmonthlybills,ifhewantstoaccumulatewealth??［A］Investintoamutualfund.?［B］Usethediscounttickets.?［C］Quithiseating-outhabit.?［D］Useonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.??Questions17-20arebasedonaninterviewwithHerbertA.Glieberman,adomestic-relationslawyer.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.??17.Whichwordbestdescribesthelawyer#39;spredictionofthechangeindivorcerate??［A］Fall.?［B］Rise.?［C］V-shape.18.Whatdopeoplenowadaysdesiretodoconcerningtheirmarriage??［A］Toembracechangesofthought.?［B］Toadapttothedisintegratedfamilylife.?［C］Toreturntothepracticeinthe#39;60sand#39;70s.?［D］Tocreatestabilityintheirlives.??19.Whydidsomepeoplechoosenottodivorce20yearsago??［B］Theywantedtogoagainstthetrend.?［C］Theywereafraidoflosingface.?［D］theywerewillingtostaytogether.??20.YearsagoadivorcedmaninacoMPAnywouldhave.?［A］beenshiftedaroundthecountry.?［B］haddifficultybeingpromoted.?［C］enjoyedahappierlife.?［D］tastedlittlebitternessofdisgrace.??SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)??40.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］withSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)?Text1?Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“On,that#39;sGod,"camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe#39;sadoctor."?41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould.?［A］takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience.?［B］makefunofthedisorganizedpeople.?［C］addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople.?［D］showsyMPAthyforyourlisteners.??42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare.?［A］impolitetonewarrivals.?［B］veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole.?［C］entitledtosomeprivileges.?［D］verybusyevenduringlunchhours.?43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices.?［A］havebenefitedmanypeople.?［B］arethefocusofpublicattention.?［C］areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor.?［D］haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock.??44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered.?［A］inwell-wordedlanguage.?［B］asawkwardlyaspossible.?［C］inexaggeratedstatements.?［D］ascasuallyaspossible.??45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.?［A］UseHumorEffectively.?［B］VariousKindsofHumor.?［C］AddHumortoSpeech.?［D］DifferentHumorStrategies.?Text2?Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.?Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.?［A］theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.?［B］thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.?［C］theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.?［D］theelite#39;scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.?47.Theword“gizmos"(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.［A］programs.?［B］experts.?［C］devices.?［D］creatures.??48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman#39;sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan.?［A］fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.?［B］interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.?［D］respondindependentlytoachangingworld.??49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.?［A］makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.?［B］dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.?［C］improvefactoryenvironments.?［D］cultivatehumancreativity.??50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.［A］expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.?［B］abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.?［C］farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.?［D］bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.?Text3?Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenprices

quadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime??TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.?Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.?Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,itoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,coMPAredwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.［A］globalinflation.?［B］reductioninsupply.?［C］fastgrowthineconomy.?［D］Iraq#39;ssuspensionofexports.?52.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif.?［C］consumptionrises.?［D］oiltaxesrise.?53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries.［C］manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed.?［D］oilpricechangeshavenosignificantiMPActonGDP.??54.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat.?［A］oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow.?［B］inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks.?［C］energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices.?［D］thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry.??55.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems.?［A］optimistic.?［B］sensitive.?［C］gloomy.?［D］scared.?Text4?TheSupremeCourt#39;sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.?Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,"acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.?Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients#39;pain,eventhough

increasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.?NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath."?GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It#39;slikesurgery,"hesays.“Wedon#39;tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn#39;tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou#39;reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient#39;ssuicideaslongasyoudon#39;tintendtheirsuicide."?JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt#39;srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,

ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.?Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotrainin

hospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.?56.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat.?［A］doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients#39;pain.［B］itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives.?［C］theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide.?57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtothetext??［A］Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients#39;death.?［B］Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.?［C］TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.?［D］Adoctor#39;smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintenti