中国科学技术大学考博英语历年真题及详解

2006年中国科技大学春季考博英语真题及详解[听力音频]PAPER ONESECTIONI LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(20points)PartADirections:Inthispart,youwillhear10shortconversationsbetweentwopeople.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1.A.Therearedifferentkindsoffolders.B.Thisdecisionrequirescarefulthought.C.Itdoesn’tmatterwhichcolorsheuses.D.Thecolorshouldsuggestthecontent.【答案】C查看答案【解析】对话中女士犹豫选哪种颜色，男人说“颜色并不重要，重要的是内容”，选项C符合。【录音原文】W:Idon’tknowwhichcolorfoldertouse,whiteorbrown?M:Whatdifferencedoesitmake?It’sthecontentthat’simportant.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?2.A.20.B.40.C.80.D.160.【答案】B查看答案【解析】对话中女士说“公司雇佣了160名女性员工，占全体职员的80%”，计算可知，男员工有40人。【录音原文】M:Couldyoutellmehowmanyofyouremployeesarewomen?W:Yes,certainly.Wehaveaveryhighpercentageoffemalestaff.Weemployabout160women,whichiseightypercentofallourstaff.Q:Howmanyoftheemployeesinthisorganizationaremen?3.A.Shethinksthattheyareabargain.B.Shethinksthattheyareofinferiorquality.C.Shethinksthattheyareoverpriced.D.Shethinksthattheycanbepurchasedatacheaperpriceelsewhere.【答案】A查看答案【解析】对话中女士说“这些转盘价格很低，很划算。”，男人说“质量远比价格重要”，可知，女士认为这些转盘很便宜，选项A正确。【录音原文】W:Lookatthelowpricesontheseturntables.Don’tyouthinkthey’reafantasticbuy?M:Yes,butqualityismoreimportantthanprice.Let’slookelsewherebeforemakingadecision.Q:Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheturntables?4.A.Atabusstation.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inacollegeinformationoffice.D.Atthedean’shome.【答案】C查看答案【解析】对话中男人想去旅行社获取一些旅行信息，女士说“Righthere,inthisofficethedeanhas地图，行程安排等，这写是为外国学生准备的”，可判断该对话发生在大学信息咨询处。【录音原文】M:DoyouthinkthetravelagencywillbeopenSaturdayafternoon?IwanttogetsomeinformationaboutabustripacrosstheUnitedStates.W:Youdon’thavetowaituntilSaturday.Righthere,inthisoffice,thedeanhasmaps,busschedulesandevenalistofinexpensivehotels.They’reforforeignstudents,youknow.Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?5.A.He’shappythathisparentsarecoming.B.He’sthinkingaboutanumberofthings.C.He’snotfeelingverywell.D.He’slookingforanewapartment.【答案】B查看答案【解析】对话中男人说“他的父母要来见他，而他又新近搬家”，因此he’sjustgotalotoilinhismind，即“想很多事情，脑子一片混乱。”【录音原文】W:Doyouknowwhat’swrongwithMark?He’sbeenactingverystrangelylatelyM:Comeon，withhisparentscomingtovisitnextweek-rightafterhe’smovedintoanewapartment-he’sjustgotalotoilinhismind．Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMark?6.A.Shewantsthemantoattendthetournamentwithher.B.Thetournamentbeginsnextweek.C.Themanshouldcheckwithhisdoctoragain.D.Shehopesthemanwillbeabletoplayinthetournament.【答案】D查看答案【解析】对话中男人说自己可能几周后就能踢足球了，女士说“如果你能在锦标赛前康复，那就好极了。”，可判断女士希望男人能够参加锦标赛。【录音原文】M:Goodnews．I’mnotgoingtoneedsurgeryafterall.ThedoctorsaysIcanstartworkingoutagainsoon.Andmaybeplaysocceragaininafewweeks．W:That’sterrific.Itwouldbegreatifyoucouldgetbackinshapeintimeforthestatetournament．Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7.A.Wherethewomanisgoingtodinner.B.Wherethenewrestaurantislocated.C.Wherethewomangotthecoupon.D.Wherethewoman’scousinlives.【答案】C查看答案【解析】对话中女士说“我有那家新餐馆的优惠券”，男人问Wheredidyougetit，并表示自己也想去新餐馆试试，选项C正确。coupon优惠券。【录音原文】W:I’vegotacouponforhalfofdinneratthatnewrestaurantdownthestreet．IthinkIwilluseitwhenmycousincomesforavisitthisweekend．M:Wheredidyougetit?Iwouldn’tmindtryingthatplaceouttoo．Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?8.A.Itwilllastfortwoweeks.B.Ithascometoahalt.C.Itwillendbeforelong.D.Itwillprobablycontinue.【答案】D查看答案【解析】对话中女士说“管理方已经给工人们增加了工资，但工会却holdingoutforitsoriginaldemands坚持他们的最初要求”，可判断女士认为罢工可能还会持续。holdoutfor坚持要求。【录音原文】M:Thestrikeattheporthasheldupourexportordersfortwoweeks．Doyouthinkitwillendsoon?W:AsfarasIknow,themanagementsidehasmadeanimprovedpayofferbuttheunionisholdingoutforitsoriginaldemands．Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthestrike?9.A.Itdoesn’tprovidemuchshade. B.It’stallerthantheapartmentbuilding.C.It’snotanoaktree.D.Ithasanunusualname.【答案】C查看答案【解析】对话中女士说“这棵树像橡树那么高，但是叶子形状不一样”，表明它不是橡树。【录音原文】W:IwishIknewwhatkindoftreethatwas，growinginfrontoftheapartmentbuilding.M:Iknow.It’stalllikeanoak,buttheleavesareindifferentshape.Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetree?10.A.Sheapprovesoftheaction. B.Shefeelssorryforthosestudents. C.Sheconsidersthepunishmentexcessive. D.Shehasnoopinionabouttheaction.【答案】A查看答案【解析】女士的意思是“他们应该受到那样的对待，我不会同情任何以欺骗方式通过考试的人。”，表明她赞同教授的惩罚。【录音原文】M:ProfessorDaltoncaughtsomestudentscheatingonthefinalexamandfailedthemrightthenandthere.W:Itservesthemright.Idon’tsympathizewithanyonetryingtopassthatway.Q:Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardtheprofessor’saction?PartBDirections:Inthispart,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.11.A.Howtosettleaconsumer’scomplaintaboutafaultyitem. B.Howtomakeaneffectivecomplaintaboutafaultyitem. C.Howtoavoidbuyingafaultyitem. D.Howtodealwithcomplaintsfromcustomers.12.A.Toashopassistant. B.Tothemanufacturer. C.Toastoremanager. D.Toapublicorganization.13.A.Byexplainingexactlywhatiswrongwiththeitem. B.Byshowingthefaultyitemtothemanufacturer.C.Bysayingfirmlythattheitemisofpoorquality. D.Byaskingpolitelytochangetheitem.【答案与解析】11.B 短文主要讲的是consumers在购买了有问题的商品后，应该如何有效投诉，解决问题。12.C 短文提到“一般而言，消费者向越高层投诉，thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled”。13.A 短文指出“当顾客能够demonstratewhatiswrongwiththeitem时，投诉是最为有效的”。【录音原文】Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptothemanufacturer’sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty,oranyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisactionwillproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeanstheconsumermayusetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersistocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the“higherup”theconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itisusuallysettledintheconsumer’sfavor,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumersshouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceofpurchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhentheconsumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbedone,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,“Theleftspeakerdoesnotworkatallandthesoundcomingoutoftherightoneisunclear”isbetterthan“Thisstereodoesnotwork”.Thestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumertowritetothemanufacturer.Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintaspolitelyandasfirmlyaspossible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethedesiredresult,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellertocourtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotectingconsumers’rights.Question11:Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?Question12:Towhomshouldaconsumercomplainifhewantsaquicksettlementofhisproblem?Question13:Howcanaconsumermakethemosteffectivecomplaint,accordingtothepassage?14.A.Itisusuallyevil. B.Itisusuallymoral.C.Itisusuallyweak. D.Itisusuallypowerful.15.A.Theyuseideasofrightandwrongtocontrolthemselves, B.Theyusethewayofgoodhumanbeingstogetandkeeppower. C.Theyarespecialhumanbeingsandhavedifferentmorality. D.Theyshouldbeevilpeoplebynature.16.A.Weakpeopleuseideasofgoodandeviltoexcuseweakness. B.Politicalleadersshouldknowhowtobebad. C.Politicalleadersoftenusephysicalforcetofightforthepower. D.Politicalleadersareafraidtodesertmorality.【答案与解析】14.A 文中指出“InMichiavelli’sopinion,thenatureofhumanbeingsisusuallyevil”。15.C Michiavelli认为政治家们aboveordinaryhumanbeings，alsoaboveordinarymorality，选项C正确。16.D 文中指出theseleadersarenotusuallyafraidtoleavemoralitybehind，选项D“政治领导人通常会担心失掉道德”，与文意不符合。【录音原文】Manyhistoriansofthetwentiethcenturylookbackatthefifteenthcenturyandsay,“Michiavelliwasthefirstpoliticalscientistinhistory.”Theysaythathelookedatpoliticsforthefirsttimewiththefactualeyeofascientist.Hewasonlyinterestedinthefacts.Hethoughtthatpoliticsandmoralitydidn’tgotogetherveryoften,buthestudiedideasofrightandwrong,alongwithpolitics;governmentleaders,hewrote,couldusetheseideastogetandkeeppower.InMichiavelli’sopinion,thenatureofhumanbeingsisusuallyevil,soagoodpersonmustalwaysfail.Hethoughtitwasimportantforapoliticalleadertoknowhowtobebad.Infact,Michiavellisawleadersofgovernmentaspeopleaboveordinaryhumanbeings;so,hebelieved,theyarealsoaboveordinarymorality.Goodandevil,hesaid,areonlyideasthatweakpeopleusetoexcuseweakness;powerfulpeopleusetheirideastokeepotherpeopleweak.Theycanleadbecausetheywantpowerandbecausetheyfightforit.Also,theseleadersarenotusuallyafraidtoleavemoralitybehind,sotheydon’thaveideasofrightorwrongtostopthem.Theythinkonlyofpower.Itisnice,Michiavellisaid,ifpoliticalleaderscanalsobegoodpeople,buttheymustknowhowtobebadwhenthetimecomes.Michiavellisaidthatitisnaturaltofightforpowerandthattherearetwomethodspeopleuse:lawandphysicalforce.Thefirstmethodisthewayofhumanbeings,andthesecondmethodisthewayofanimals.Greatpoliticalleadersveryoftenusethewayofanimals,buttheyusuallypretendtousethewayofgoodhumanbeings.Theydothistogetandkeeppower.Question14:WhatdidMichiavellithinkofthenatureofhumanbeings?Question15:WhatdidMichiavellithinkofpoliticalleaders?Question16:WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?17.A.380. B.850. C.5,600. D.7,000.18.A.Awarmingofrelationsbetweenthetwocountries. B.Theoccurrenceofanewwarandbitterconflict. C.Theindirectinterventionfromtheinternationalcommunity. D.ItsgreatcontributiontothepeaceintheMiddleEast.19.A.ForitsactsinthePersianGulfWar. B.Foritsexperimentswithnuclearweapons. C.ForitssupportofIslamicorganizations. D.ForitsaggressionagainstKuwait.20.A.SomeanalyststhoughthostilitybetweenIraqandIranremainedextremelyhigh. B.Thecivilianpopulationsuffered2millioncasualtiesfromtheIran-Iraqwar. C.Iranwasviewedbycertainmembersoftheinternationalcommunityasa“rogue”State. D.Itwasabout10yearsafterthewarthatIranandlraqbegananexchangeofprisoners.【答案与解析】17.C 短文提到Nearly5,600ofthosestillheldincaptivitywereIraqis，选项C正确。18.A 短文说“1991年海湾战争以来，政治分析家预言了Awarmingofrelationsbetweenthetwonations”。19.D 从录音原文“Iraq,outcastfromtheinternationalcommunityduetoitsactsofaggressionagainstneighboringKuwait”，可知选项D正确。20.B 录音说“civilianpopulationsufferedthebruntofthe1millioncasualties”，选项B不符合。【录音原文】Some10yearsafterwarfarebetweenthetwocountriescametoanend,thenationsofIranandlraqbegananexchangeofprisonerswhobadbeencapturedduringtheIran-Iraqwar,whichragedfrom1979to1988.Nearly5,600ofthosestillheldincaptivitywereIraqiswhohadbeenseizedbytheIranianarmyduringthewar.TheIraniangovernmentagreedtoreleasethoseprisonersinexchangeforsome380IranianprisonersheldbytheIraqigovernment.Theannouncedprisonerexchangemarkedthelargestsuchrepatriationofprisonersfromthelran-Iraqwarsince1990,whenthetwogovernmentsexchangedmorethan70,000soldierstakencaptiveduringthewar.Officialsfrombothcountriesexpressedthebeliefthattherepatriationoftheremainingprisonersfromthelran-Iraqwarmighthelprepairrelationsbetweenthetwoneighborsaftertwodecadesofwarandbitterconflict.AwarmingofrelationsbetweenthetwonationshadbeenpredictedbypoliticalanalystssincethePersianGulfWarin1991.AnalystssuggestedthatIraq,outcastfromtheinternationalcommunityduetoitsactsofaggressionagainstneighboringKuwait,mightseektoforgeastrongerinternationalbondwithIran.LikeIraq,Iranremainedontheoutskirtsoftheinternationalcommunityandviewedbycertainmembersoftheinternationalcommunityasa“rogue”statebecauseofitssupportofIslamicfundamentalistorganizationsthroughouttheMiddleEast.Despitethewarmingofofficialrelationsasevidencedbytheexchangeoftheprisonersofwar,severalanalystsemphasizedthathostilitybetweenthetwocountriesremainedextremelyhigh-especiallyamongthecivilianpopulation,whichsufferedthebruntofthe1millioncasualtiesfromthelran-Iraqwar.Question17:HowmanyIraqiprisonerswerestillheldbytheIraniangovernment,accordingtothenews?Question18:WhathadpoliticalanalystspredictedabouttheexchangeofprisonersbetweenIranandIraq?Question19:ForwhatreasonwasIraqdrivenawayfromtheinternationalcommunity?Question20:WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue,accordingtothenews?SECTIONII READINGCOMPREHENSION(30points)Directions:Thereare5passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneQuestions21to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage:RightnowinschoolsacrossthecountrychildrenarebusysellingPepsi-Colainthenameofeducation.TheyarepartofPepsi’s“LearnandEarnProject”—anannualcompetitionsetupbyPepsithatencouragesstudentstosellthesoftdrinkatparties,basketballgamesandotherschoolfunctions.Then,eachspring,thestudentswriteuptheirPepsi-sellingsuccessstoriesforachanceatnationalprizes:sharesofstockinthePepsi-ColaCompany.Accordingtomaterialsthecompanysendstheteachers,theprojectdeclares“helpstrengthenstudents’broadunderstandingofbusiness,particularlyitsmerchandisingaspect.”Whetheritfulfillsthisobjectiveornot,itdoessucceedinsellingPepsi.The“LearnandEarnProject”isjustoneexampleofthehundredsofwaysfoodcompanies(aswellasothertypesofcorporations,publicutilitiesandtradeassociations)promotetheirproductsinschools.Particularlyinthefieldsofnutritionandhomeeconomics,companiessendnumerous “teachingaids”:highlyprofessionalfilms,shinyworkbooksandpamphlets,allavailabletoteachersatwellbelowcommercialratesorfree.Forexample,theSavannahSugarRefiningCorp.putsoutabookforstudentscalled“SugarThroughtheAges”whichincludesstatementssuchas“Scientistshavefoundthatgenerousamountsofsugarareavaluablepartofwell-balanceddietsforgrowingchildren.”Byfarthelargestsupplierofnutrition-educationmaterialstoschoolsistheNationalDairyCouncil,whichprovidesallsortsofpamphletsaddressingquestionsrangingfrom“HowamIdoingsocially?”to“HowamIdoingphysically?”Woventhroughoutthesematerialsaresubtlereferencestodairyproducts,dailycalciumrequirements,etc.Drinkmilk,themessageseemstobe,andyoutoocanbepopular.Butnutritionandhomeeconomicsarenottheonlyareaswherecorporationshavefoundalucrativeformofadvertising.21.WhatisNOTtrueofPepsi’s“LearnandEarnProject”?A.Itiscarriedouteveryyear. B.Studentsmaygainabetterunderstandingofbusinessadministration. C.StudentssellingPepsi-Colasuccessfullywillbecomestockholdersinthecompany. D.ThePepsiCompanygainsmuchprofitfromit.22.Incitingthestatementfromthebook“SugarThroughtheAges”(Para.6),theauthor’spurposeis________. A.toexposethetruemotivesofthosecorporationsinprovidingtheir“teachingaids” B.topraisetheSavannahSugarRefiningCorp.foritsscientificpointofview C.toexplaintheeducationalfunctionofthe“teachingaids” D.toshowhowstudentsandteacherscanreceivenutritioneducationmorescientifically23.WhatissaidabouttheeducationalmaterialssuppliedbytheNationalDairyCouncil? A.Theystronglyrecommendtheuseofdairyproductsonadailybasis. B.Theyindirectlymentiontheimportanceofdairyproducts. C.Theysubtlydealwithquestionsaboutthepopularityofdairyproducts. D.Theyincorrectlyreportthenutritionalcomponentsofdairyproducts.24.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage? A.Pepsi’s“LearnandEarnProject”helpsbroadenstudents’understandingofbusiness. B.Manybigcompaniesfinanceschools’educationalprojects. C.Studentslearnmuchknowledgeofnutritionandhomeeconomicsthroughtheirpracticeofbusiness. D.Varioustypesofcorporationsextendthepromotionoftheirproductstoschools.【答案与解析】21.C 第二段说thestudentswriteup…successstoriesforachanceatnationalprizes并不是说销售成功的学生就能获得股份。22.A 根据第五段oneexampleofthehundredsofwaysfoodcompanies,promotetheirproductsinschools…companiessendnumerous‘teachingaids’…接下来又在第六段举了SavannahSugar的例子，说明这些公司的真正目的：借着teachingaids的名义来促销自己的产品。所以答案为选项A。23.B 第六段最后一句讲到Woventhroughoutthesematerialsaresubtlereferencestodairyproducts,dailycalciumrequirements，可见NationalDairyCouncil的材料都是间接地提到了奶制品的重要性。24.D 本文通过一系列例子主要说明食品公司向学校推销商品的各种手段。PassageTwoQuestions25to28arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain—bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstanttreedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellowcompetitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.25.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis______.A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly26.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat______. A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs B.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence C.theytakenointerestinlifeandwork D.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence27.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose______. A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld28.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould______. A.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees C.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted【答案与解析】25.C 第一段作者在提出人类是awell-oiledcoginthemachinery后紧接着就对其进行解释manhasbecomepowerless和havebecomeeconomicpuppets，由此可以判断选项C正确。26.B 根据第二段Theyliveanddie…thefundamentalrealities…emotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.可知，workersandemployees担心的原因是他们被剥夺了individualityandindependence，所以答案为选项B。27.D 第三段讲述了thehigherupinthesociety也会焦虑，从阐述的原因中可以排除选项A、B、C项。28.A 最后一段作者提出Isuggest…ahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities…allsocialarrangements，选项A表述与之符合。PassageThreeQuestions29to32arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Superstitionisabiasedword.Lookupalmostanydictionarydefinitionandyouwiltseethatitimpliesthateveryreligionnotbasedonreasonorknowledgeiscalledasuperstition.Eventhewordknowledgeisatwo-facedword.Presumably,itisusedasasynonymforreason.Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.Itistruethataperson’sreligionmustbebasedonsomekindofknowledge.Butwhatkindofknowledgeismeant?Scientific,experimental,rational?Suchknowledgeisnaturalandmaybeethicalandthenitisnaturalreligiousknowledge.ApersonmayquiteeasilyconcludefromobservingtheuniversethatonlyGodcouldhaveproducedit.Thatknowledgeisnotreligion,notevenifIseemyselfboundtorecognizeaCreatoroftheuniverse.ItisnaturalknowledgesuchasConfucious,SocratesorZoroasterpossessed.Naturalreligiousknowledge,asisevidentinthehistoryofthehumanrace,althoughithelpstomakeamangood,hardlysufficestokeephimgood,especiallyintimesofcrisis.Willsuchnaturalknowledge,forinstance,sustainamanwhenhehassuddenlylostallhismoneyandevenhiswifeandchildren?Willitofferthehopeofeverseeingthemagain?Willitinfluencehimgladlytosacrificehislifeforhisfamily,hiscountry,hisreligion?Onlyastrongsenseofsupernaturalreligion,arelianceuponGod,willprovidethenecessarycourageforrightaction.Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife.ChristianityandIslamdirectmentolookup,hopeforandstriveafteraneternallifeofhappinessinthepossessionofGod.Hinduism,althoughitbelievesinreincarnations,alsoencouragesitsadherentstoachievesuccessivelyhigherincarnationsuntiltheyachieveunity,becomeonewithBrahman-God.ChineseBuddhismtellsitsfollowersthatiftheyperformgooddeedsandhavefaithinOmitofoobyfrequentlycallinguponthisGodofInfiniteCompassiontheywillberewardedbyeternallifeintheWesternParadise.Theagnosticortheatheistthinksofallofthosecreedsasreligioussuperstition.Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspired,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.29.Peopledefinesuperstitionas______.A.someoneelse’sreligion B.religiousknowledgenotbasedonreason C.naturalknowledgeofareligion D.anythingthatseemsunreasonableinanotherperson’sreligion30.Naturalreligiousknowledgemaynotkeepapersongoodbecause______. A.hemayloseconfidenceinGod B.hemaysuffercrisesinhiscareer C.hedoesnotrelyuponGod D.hemayhavetodieforrightaction31.Accordingtothewriter,allthegreatreligionsoftheworld______. A.bringpeaceofmindandpeacewithotherhumanbeings B.givecouragetotheiradherentstoliveandtodie C.bringabetterlifenowandhereafter D.promiseeternallifeintheWesternParadise32.Fromthepassagewearetoldthattheatheists______. A.havelittleornoreligiousknowledge B.arenotfreeofsuperstition C.haveidealsthatarebeyondearthlyones D.havetoomanymaterialisticidealsinlife【答案与解析】29.D 根据第一段最后一句peopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkre